From 1e3797401f5895f9b79886bb3358bdeba265ab28 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Tam=C3=A1s=20Ger=C3=A9nyi?= Date: Tue, 30 Oct 2018 19:43:01 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 1/6] Add button border animation snippet --- index.html | 136 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ snippets/button-border.md | 85 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 221 insertions(+) create mode 100644 snippets/button-border.md diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 55e18d71d..ba81f9274 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -62,6 +62,8 @@

interactivity

+ + NewToggle switch Disable selection Mouse cursor gradient tracking Popout menu @@ -302,6 +304,140 @@ +
+ New +

Toggle switchvisualinteractivity

+

Creates a border animation on hover.

+

HTML

<button class="button">Submit</button>
+
+

CSS

@import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=BenchNine:700);
+.button {
+  background-color: #c47135;
+  border: none;
+  color: #ffffff;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  display: inline-block;
+  font-family: 'BenchNine', Arial, sans-serif;
+  font-size: 1em;
+  font-size: 22px;
+  line-height: 1em;
+  margin: 15px 40px;
+  outline: none;
+  padding: 12px 40px 10px;
+  position: relative;
+  text-transform: uppercase;
+  font-weight: 700;
+}
+.button:before,
+.button:after {
+  border-color: transparent;
+  -webkit-transition: all 0.25s;
+  transition: all 0.25s;
+  border-style: solid;
+  border-width: 0;
+  content: '';
+  height: 24px;
+  position: absolute;
+  width: 24px;
+}
+.button:before {
+  border-color: #c47135;
+  border-top-width: 2px;
+  left: 0px;
+  top: -5px;
+}
+.button:after {
+  border-bottom-width: 2px;
+  border-color: #c47135;
+  bottom: -5px;
+  right: 0px;
+}
+.button:hover,
+.button.hover {
+  background-color: #c47135;
+}
+.button:hover:before,
+.button.hover:before,
+.button:hover:after,
+.button.hover:after {
+  height: 100%;
+  width: 100%;
+}
+
+

Demo

+
+ +
+ +

Explanation

+

This effect is uses before and after selectors to make the border full width on hover.

+

Browser support

+
+
+ 99+% +
+
+

✅ No caveats.

+ + + + +

Calc()other

The function calc() allows to define CSS values with the use of mathematical expressions, the value adopted for the property is the result of a mathematical expression.

diff --git a/snippets/button-border.md b/snippets/button-border.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fa7860ec4 --- /dev/null +++ b/snippets/button-border.md @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +### Toggle switch + +Creates a border animation on hover. + +#### HTML + +```html + +``` + +#### CSS + +```css +@import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=BenchNine:700); +.button { + background-color: #c47135; + border: none; + color: #ffffff; + cursor: pointer; + display: inline-block; + font-family: 'BenchNine', Arial, sans-serif; + font-size: 1em; + font-size: 22px; + line-height: 1em; + margin: 15px 40px; + outline: none; + padding: 12px 40px 10px; + position: relative; + text-transform: uppercase; + font-weight: 700; +} + +.button:before, +.button:after { + border-color: transparent; + -webkit-transition: all 0.25s; + transition: all 0.25s; + border-style: solid; + border-width: 0; + content: ''; + height: 24px; + position: absolute; + width: 24px; +} + +.button:before { + border-color: #c47135; + border-top-width: 2px; + left: 0px; + top: -5px; +} + +.button:after { + border-bottom-width: 2px; + border-color: #c47135; + bottom: -5px; + right: 0px; +} + +.button:hover, +.button.hover { + background-color: #c47135; +} + +.button:hover:before, +.button.hover:before, +.button:hover:after, +.button.hover:after { + height: 100%; + width: 100%; +} +``` + +#### Demo + +#### Explanation + +This effect is uses before and after selectors to make the border full width on hover. + +#### Browser support + +✅ No caveats. + + + From 2c23f566796d1a9a5eee71fefb12c28c59d19b90 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Tam=C3=A1s=20Ger=C3=A9nyi?= Date: Tue, 30 Oct 2018 19:46:58 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 2/6] Add icon border animation snippet --- index.html | 130 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ snippets/icon-border.md | 77 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 207 insertions(+) create mode 100644 snippets/icon-border.md diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index ba81f9274..041c02d18 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ NewToggle switch Disable selection + + NewIcon Border Animation Mouse cursor gradient tracking Popout menu Sibling fade @@ -1750,6 +1752,134 @@ el.style.setProperty('--max-height', height + 'px')
+
+ New +

Icon Border Animationvisualinteractivity

+

Creates a border animation on hover.

+

HTML

<a href="#" class="button ion-ios-star-outline"></a>
+
+

CSS

@import url(https://code.ionicframework.com/ionicons/2.0.1/css/ionicons.min.css);
+.button {
+  position: relative;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  font-size: 40px;
+  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
+  margin: 40px;
+  padding: 3px;
+  display: inline-block;
+  text-align: center;
+  text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
+  text-decoration: none;
+  -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+}
+.button::before {
+  background-color: #2b2b2b;
+  width: 75px;
+  height: 75px;
+  line-height: 75px;
+}
+.button:after {
+  position: absolute;
+  top: 0;
+  bottom: 0;
+  left: 0;
+  right: 0;
+  background-color: #f39c12;
+  content: '';
+  z-index: -1;
+  display: inline-block;
+  -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg) scale(1.5) translate(0%, -100%);
+  transform: rotate(-45deg) scale(1.5) translate(0%, -100%);
+}
+.button:before,
+.button:after {
+  -webkit-transition: all 0.4s ease-in-out;
+  transition: all 0.4s ease-in-out;
+}
+.button:hover,
+.button:active,
+.button.hover {
+  color: #ffffff;
+}
+.button:hover:after,
+.button:active:after,
+.button.hover:after {
+  -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg) scale(1.5) translate(0%, 0%);
+  transform: rotate(-45deg) scale(1.5) translate(0%, 0%);
+}
+
+

Demo

+
+ +
+ +

Explanation

+

This effect is uses before and after selectors to make the border full width on hover.

+

Browser support

+
+
+ 99+% +
+
+

✅ No caveats.

+ + + + +
New

Last item with remaining available heightlayout

diff --git a/snippets/icon-border.md b/snippets/icon-border.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..442eab9fe --- /dev/null +++ b/snippets/icon-border.md @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +### Icon Border Animation + +Creates a border animation on hover. + +#### HTML + +```html + +``` + +#### CSS + +```css +@import url(https://code.ionicframework.com/ionicons/2.0.1/css/ionicons.min.css); +.button { + position: relative; + overflow: hidden; + font-size: 40px; + color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); + margin: 40px; + padding: 3px; + display: inline-block; + text-align: center; + text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); + text-decoration: none; + -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; + box-sizing: border-box; +} +.button::before { + background-color: #2b2b2b; + width: 75px; + height: 75px; + line-height: 75px; +} +.button:after { + position: absolute; + top: 0; + bottom: 0; + left: 0; + right: 0; + background-color: #f39c12; + content: ''; + z-index: -1; + display: inline-block; + -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg) scale(1.5) translate(0%, -100%); + transform: rotate(-45deg) scale(1.5) translate(0%, -100%); +} +.button:before, +.button:after { + -webkit-transition: all 0.4s ease-in-out; + transition: all 0.4s ease-in-out; +} +.button:hover, +.button:active, +.button.hover { + color: #ffffff; +} +.button:hover:after, +.button:active:after, +.button.hover:after { + -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg) scale(1.5) translate(0%, 0%); + transform: rotate(-45deg) scale(1.5) translate(0%, 0%); +} +``` + +#### Demo + +#### Explanation + +This effect is uses before and after selectors to make the border full width on hover. + +#### Browser support + +✅ No caveats. + + + From 0c6aac280f67b983d7a943542569f9844dfaf4a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Angelos Chalaris Date: Sat, 12 Jan 2019 13:53:37 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 3/6] Update button-border --- snippets/button-border.md | 41 ++++++++++----------------------------- 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-) diff --git a/snippets/button-border.md b/snippets/button-border.md index fa7860ec4..0a8af3493 100644 --- a/snippets/button-border.md +++ b/snippets/button-border.md @@ -5,67 +5,46 @@ Creates a border animation on hover. #### HTML ```html - +
+ +
``` #### CSS ```css -@import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=BenchNine:700); .button { background-color: #c47135; border: none; color: #ffffff; - cursor: pointer; - display: inline-block; - font-family: 'BenchNine', Arial, sans-serif; - font-size: 1em; - font-size: 22px; - line-height: 1em; - margin: 15px 40px; outline: none; padding: 12px 40px 10px; position: relative; - text-transform: uppercase; - font-weight: 700; } - .button:before, .button:after { - border-color: transparent; - -webkit-transition: all 0.25s; + border: 0 solid transparent; transition: all 0.25s; - border-style: solid; - border-width: 0; content: ''; height: 24px; position: absolute; width: 24px; } - .button:before { - border-color: #c47135; - border-top-width: 2px; + border-top: 2px solid #c47135; left: 0px; top: -5px; } - .button:after { - border-bottom-width: 2px; - border-color: #c47135; + border-bottom: 2px solid #c47135; bottom: -5px; right: 0px; } - -.button:hover, -.button.hover { +.button:hover { background-color: #c47135; } - .button:hover:before, -.button.hover:before, -.button:hover:after, -.button.hover:after { +.button:hover:after { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @@ -75,11 +54,11 @@ Creates a border animation on hover. #### Explanation -This effect is uses before and after selectors to make the border full width on hover. +Use the `:before` and `:after` pseduo-elements as borders that animate on hover. #### Browser support ✅ No caveats. - + From 8f8e1f95855980df4ef33fbb6b24d2c4ed36cb31 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Angelos Chalaris Date: Sat, 12 Jan 2019 14:01:58 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 4/6] Remove icon-border Uses 3rd-party resources and is not very generalized as a use-case. Better avoid adding it, at least for now. --- docs/index.html | 178 +++++++++++++++++++++----------------- snippets/button-border.md | 2 +- snippets/icon-border.md | 77 ----------------- 3 files changed, 101 insertions(+), 156 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 snippets/icon-border.md diff --git a/docs/index.html b/docs/index.html index 0e4339079..58503b212 100644 --- a/docs/index.html +++ b/docs/index.html @@ -1,16 +1,12 @@ - 30 Seconds of CSS

30 Seconds of CSS

A curated collection of useful CSS snippets you can understand in 30 seconds or less.

Star

Bouncing loaderanimation

Creates a bouncing loader animation.

HTML

<div class="bouncing-loader">
+    30 Seconds of CSS                   
 
 
    
  
30 Seconds of CSS
 
 A curated collection of useful CSS snippets you can understand in 30 seconds or less. 
 
 Star 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Bouncing loaderanimation
 
Creates a bouncing loader animation.
 
HTML
<div class="bouncing-loader">
   <div></div>
   <div></div>
   <div></div>
 </div>
 
 
CSS
@keyframes bouncing-loader {
-  from {
-    opacity: 1;
-    transform: translateY(0);
-  }
   to {
     opacity: 0.1;
-    transform: translateY(-1rem);
+    transform: translate3d(0, -1rem, 0);
   }
 }
 .bouncing-loader {
@@ -31,7 +27,7 @@
 .bouncing-loader > div:nth-child(3) {
   animation-delay: 0.4s;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
Note: 1rem is usually 16px.
 
     
  1.  
    @keyframes defines an animation that has two states, where the element changes opacity and is translated up on the 2D plane using transform: translateY().
     
    2.  
  2.  
    .bouncing-loader is the parent container of the bouncing circles and uses display: flex and justify-content: center to position them in the center.
     
    3.  
  3.  
    .bouncing-loader > div, targets the three child divs of the parent to be styled. The divs are given a width and height of 1rem, using border-radius: 50% to turn them from squares to circles.
     
    4.  
  4.  
    margin: 3rem 0.2rem specifies that each circle has a top/bottom margin of 3rem and left/right margin of 0.2rem so that they do not directly touch each other, giving them some breathing room.
     
    5.  
  5.  
    animation is a shorthand property for the various animation properties: animation-name, animation-duration, animation-iteration-count, animation-direction are used.
     
    6.  
  6.  
    nth-child(n) targets the element which is the nth child of its parent.
     
    7.  
  7.  
    animation-delay is used on the second and third div respectively, so that each element does not start the animation at the same time.
     
    8.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 95.3% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Box-sizing resetlayout
 
Resets the box-model so that widths and heights are not affected by their borders or padding.
 
HTML
<div class="box">border-box</div>
+
 
Demo
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
Note: 1rem is usually 16px.
 
     
  1.  
    @keyframes defines an animation that has two states, where the element changes opacity and is translated up on the 2D plane using transform: translate3d(). Using a single axis translation on transform: translate3d() improves the performance of the animation.
     
    2.  
  2.  
    .bouncing-loader is the parent container of the bouncing circles and uses display: flex and justify-content: center to position them in the center.
     
    3.  
  3.  
    .bouncing-loader > div, targets the three child divs of the parent to be styled. The divs are given a width and height of 1rem, using border-radius: 50% to turn them from squares to circles.
     
    4.  
  4.  
    margin: 3rem 0.2rem specifies that each circle has a top/bottom margin of 3rem and left/right margin of 0.2rem so that they do not directly touch each other, giving them some breathing room.
     
    5.  
  5.  
    animation is a shorthand property for the various animation properties: animation-name, animation-duration, animation-iteration-count, animation-direction are used.
     
    6.  
  6.  
    nth-child(n) targets the element which is the nth child of its parent.
     
    7.  
  7.  
    animation-delay is used on the second and third div respectively, so that each element does not start the animation at the same time.
     
    8.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 93.4% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Box-sizing resetlayout
 
Resets the box-model so that widths and heights are not affected by their borders or padding.
 
HTML
<div class="box">border-box</div>
 <div class="box content-box">content-box</div>
 
 
CSS
html {
   box-sizing: border-box;
@@ -53,20 +49,20 @@
 .content-box {
   box-sizing: content-box;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
border-box
 
content-box
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. box-sizing: border-box makes the addition of padding or borders not affect an element's width or height.
    2.  
  2. box-sizing: inherit makes an element respect its parent's box-sizing rule.
    3.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 98.4% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Calc()other
 
The function calc() allows to define CSS values with the use of mathematical expressions, the value adopted for the property is the result of a mathematical expression.
 
HTML
<div class="box-example"></div>
+
 
Demo
 
 
border-box
 
content-box
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. box-sizing: border-box makes the addition of padding or borders not affect an element's width or height.
    2.  
  2. box-sizing: inherit makes an element respect its parent's box-sizing rule.
    3.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 95.9% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Calc()other
 
The function calc() allows to define CSS values with the use of mathematical expressions, the value adopted for the property is the result of a mathematical expression.
 
HTML
<div class="box-example"></div>
 
 
CSS
.box-example {
   height: 280px;
   background: #222 url('https://image.ibb.co/fUL9nS/wolf.png') no-repeat;
   background-position: calc(100% - 20px) calc(100% - 20px);
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
 
  
If you want to align a background-image from right and bottom wasn't possible with just straight length values. So now it's possible using calc():
 
 
Background-image in the right/bottom
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. It allows addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
    2.  
  2. Can use different units (pixel and percent together, for example) for each value in your expression.
    3.  
  3. It is permitted to nest calc() functions.
    4.  
  4. It can be used in any property that <length>, <frequency>, <angle>, <time>, <number>, <color>, or <integer> is allowed, like width, height, font-size, top, left, etc.
    5.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 94.9% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Circlevisual
 
Creates a circle shape with pure CSS.
 
HTML
<div class="circle"></div>
+
 
Demo
 
 
 
  
If you want to align a background-image from right and bottom wasn't possible with just straight length values. So now it's possible using calc():
 
 
Background-image in the right/bottom
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. It allows addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
    2.  
  2. Can use different units (pixel and percent together, for example) for each value in your expression.
    3.  
  3. It is permitted to nest calc() functions.
    4.  
  4. It can be used in any property that <length>, <frequency>, <angle>, <time>, <number>, <color>, or <integer> is allowed, like width, height, font-size, top, left, etc.
    5.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 93.0% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Circlevisual
 
Creates a circle shape with pure CSS.
 
HTML
<div class="circle"></div>
 
 
CSS
.circle {
   border-radius: 50%;
   width: 2rem;
   height: 2rem;
   background: #333;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
border-radius: 50% curves the borders of an element to create a circle.
 
Since a circle has the same radius at any given point, the width and height must be the same. Differing values will create an ellipse.
 
Browser support
 
 
 95.5% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Clearfixlayout
 
Ensures that an element self-clears its children.
 
Note: This is only useful if you are still using float to build layouts. Please consider using a modern approach with flexbox layout or grid layout.
 
HTML
<div class="clearfix">
+
 
Demo
 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
border-radius: 50% curves the borders of an element to create a circle.
 
Since a circle has the same radius at any given point, the width and height must be the same. Differing values will create an ellipse.
 
Browser support
 
 
 93.7% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Clearfixlayout
 
Ensures that an element self-clears its children.
 
Note: This is only useful if you are still using float to build layouts. Please consider using a modern approach with flexbox layout or grid layout.
 
HTML
<div class="clearfix">
   <div class="floated">float a</div>
   <div class="floated">float b</div>
   <div class="floated">float c</div>
@@ -94,7 +90,7 @@
   display: block;
   clear: both;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
padding-top on the ::before pseudo-element causes the height of the element to equal a percentage of its width. 100% therefore means the element's height will always be 100% of the width, creating a responsive square. 
 
This method also allows content to be placed inside the element normally.
 
Browser support
 
 
 99+% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
  
 
 
Countervisualother
 
Counters are, in essence, variables maintained by CSS whose values may be incremented by CSS rules to track how many times they're used.
 
HTML
<ul>
+
 
Demo
 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
padding-top on the ::before pseudo-element causes the height of the element to equal a percentage of its width. 100% therefore means the element's height will always be 100% of the width, creating a responsive square.
 
This method also allows content to be placed inside the element normally.
 
Browser support
 
 
 99+% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
  
 
 
Countervisualother
 
Counters are, in essence, variables maintained by CSS whose values may be incremented by CSS rules to track how many times they're used.
 
HTML
<ul>
   <li>List item</li>
   <li>List item</li>
   <li>
@@ -113,11 +109,11 @@ li::before {
   counter-increment: counter;
   content: counters(counter, '.') ' ';
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
     
  • List item
    •  
  • List item
    •  
  •  List item 
       
    • List item
      •  
    • List item
      •  
    • List item
      •  
     
    •  
 
  
Explanation
 
You can create a ordered list using any type of HTML.
 
     
  1.  
    counter-reset Initializes a counter, the value is the name of the counter. By default, the counter starts in 0. This property can also be used to change its value to any specific number.
     
    2.  
  2.  
    counter-increment Used in element that will be countable. Once counter-reset initialized, a counter's value can be increased or decreased.
     
    3.  
  3.  
    counter(name, style) Displays the value of a section counter. Generally used in a content property. This function can receive two parameters, the first as the name of the counter and the second one can be decimal or upper-roman (decimal by default).
     
    4.  
  4.  
    counters(counter, string, style) Displays the value of a section counter. Generally used in a content property. This function can receive three parameters, the first as the name of the counter, the second one you can include a string which comes after the counter and the third one can be decimal or upper-roman (decimal by default).
     
    5.  
  5.  
    A CSS counter can be especially useful for making outlined lists, because a new instance of the counter is automatically created in child elements. Using the counters() function, separating text can be inserted between different levels of nested counters.
     
    6.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 98.4% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Custom scrollbarvisual
 
Customizes the scrollbar style for the document and elements with scrollable overflow, on WebKit platforms.
 
HTML
<div class="custom-scrollbar">
+
 
Demo
 
 
     
  • List item
    •  
  • List item
    •  
  •  List item 
       
    • List item
      •  
    • List item
      •  
    • List item
      •  
     
    •  
 
  
Explanation
 
You can create a ordered list using any type of HTML.
 
     
  1.  
    counter-reset Initializes a counter, the value is the name of the counter. By default, the counter starts at 0. This property can also be used to change its value to any specific number.
     
    2.  
  2.  
    counter-increment Used in element that will be countable. Once counter-reset initialized, a counter's value can be increased or decreased.
     
    3.  
  3.  
    counter(name, style) Displays the value of a section counter. Generally used in a content property. This function can receive two parameters, the first as the name of the counter and the second one can be decimal or upper-roman (decimal by default).
     
    4.  
  4.  
    counters(counter, string, style) Displays the value of a section counter. Generally used in a content property. This function can receive three parameters, the first as the name of the counter, the second one you can include a string which comes after the counter and the third one can be decimal or upper-roman (decimal by default).
     
    5.  
  5.  
    A CSS counter can be especially useful for making outlined lists, because a new instance of the counter is automatically created in child elements. Using the counters() function, separating text can be inserted between different levels of nested counters.
     
    6.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 95.9% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Custom scrollbarvisual
 
Customizes the scrollbar style for the document and elements with scrollable overflow, on WebKit platforms.
 
HTML
<div class="custom-scrollbar">
   <p>
-    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.<br>
-    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br>
-    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br>
+    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.<br />
+    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br />
+    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br />
     Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
   </p>
 </div>
@@ -137,7 +133,7 @@ li::before {
   border-radius: 10px;
   box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
 
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. 
 Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, 
 molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. 
 Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. ::-webkit-scrollbar targets the whole scrollbar element.
    2.  
  2. ::-webkit-scrollbar-track targets only the scrollbar track.
    3.  
  3. ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb targets the scrollbar thumb.
    4.  
 
There are many other pseudo-elements that you can use to style scrollbars. For more info, visit the WebKit Blog.
 
Browser support
 
 
 88.0% 
 
 
⚠️ Scrollbar styling doesn't appear to be on any standards track.
   
 
 
Custom text selectionvisual
 
Changes the styling of text selection.
 
HTML
<p class="custom-text-selection">Select some of this text.</p>
+
 
Demo
 
 
 
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.
 Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, 
 molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. 
 Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. ::-webkit-scrollbar targets the whole scrollbar element.
    2.  
  2. ::-webkit-scrollbar-track targets only the scrollbar track.
    3.  
  3. ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb targets the scrollbar thumb.
    4.  
 
There are many other pseudo-elements that you can use to style scrollbars. For more info, visit the WebKit Blog.
 
Browser support
 
 
 86.7% 
 
 
⚠️ Scrollbar styling doesn't appear to be on any standards track.
   
 
 
Custom text selectionvisual
 
Changes the styling of text selection.
 
HTML
<p class="custom-text-selection">Select some of this text.</p>
 
 
CSS
::selection {
   background: aquamarine;
   color: black;
@@ -146,7 +142,7 @@ li::before {
   background: deeppink;
   color: white;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
Select some of this text.
 
  
Explanation
 
::selection defines a pseudo selector on an element to style text within it when selected. Note that if you don't combine any other selector your style will be applied at document root level, to any selectable element.
 
Browser support
 
 
 84.9% 
 
 
⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support and is not actually in any specification.
   
 
 
Custom variablesother
 
CSS variables that contain specific values to be reused throughout a document.
 
HTML
<p class="custom-variables">CSS is awesome!</p>
+
 
Demo
 
 
Select some of this text.
 
  
Explanation
 
::selection defines a pseudo selector on an element to style text within it when selected. Note that if you don't combine any other selector your style will be applied at document root level, to any selectable element.
 
Browser support
 
 
 82.5% 
 
 
⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support and is not actually in any specification.
   
 
 
Custom variablesother
 
CSS variables that contain specific values to be reused throughout a document.
 
HTML
<p class="custom-variables">CSS is awesome!</p>
 
 
CSS
:root {
   /* Place variables within here to use the variables globally. */
 }
@@ -160,15 +156,13 @@ li::before {
   font-style: var(--some-keyword);
   text-shadow: var(--some-complex-value);
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
CSS is awesome!
 
  
Explanation
 
The variables are defined globally within the :root CSS pseudo-class which matches the root element of a tree representing the document. Variables can also be scoped to a selector if defined within the block.
 
Declare a variable with --variable-name:.
 
Reuse variables throughout the document using the var(--variable-name) function.
 
Browser support
 
 
 88.0% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Disable selectioninteractivity
 
Makes the content unselectable.
 
HTML
<p>You can select me.</p>
+
 
Demo
 
 
CSS is awesome!
 
  
Explanation
 
The variables are defined globally within the :root CSS pseudo-class which matches the root element of a tree representing the document. Variables can also be scoped to a selector if defined within the block.
 
Declare a variable with --variable-name:.
 
Reuse variables throughout the document using the var(--variable-name) function.
 
Browser support
 
 
 87.6% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Disable selectioninteractivity
 
Makes the content unselectable.
 
HTML
<p>You can select me.</p>
 <p class="unselectable">You can't select me!</p>
 
 
CSS
.unselectable {
   user-select: none;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
You can select me.
 
You can't select me!
 
  
Explanation
 
user-select: none specifies that the text cannot be selected.
 
Browser support
 
 
 87.2% 
 
 
⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support. ⚠️ This is not a secure method to prevent users from copying content.
   
 
 
Display table centeringlayout
 
Vertically and horizontally centers a child element within its parent element using display: table (as an alternative to flexbox).
 
HTML
<div class="container">
-  <div class="center">
-    <span>Centered content</span>
-  </div>
+
 
Demo
 
 
You can select me.
 
You can't select me!
 
  
Explanation
 
user-select: none specifies that the text cannot be selected.
 
Browser support
 
 
 89.2% 
 
 
⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support. ⚠️ This is not a secure method to prevent users from copying content.
   
 
 
Display table centeringlayout
 
Vertically and horizontally centers a child element within its parent element using display: table (as an alternative to flexbox).
 
HTML
<div class="container">
+  <div class="center"><span>Centered content</span></div>
 </div>
 
 
CSS
.container {
   border: 1px solid #333;
@@ -185,7 +179,7 @@ li::before {
   text-align: center;
   vertical-align: middle;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
 
 Centered content 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. display: table on '.center' allows the element to behave like a <table> HTML element.
    2.  
  2. 100% height and width on '.center' allows the element to fill the available space within its parent element.
    3.  
  3. display: table-cell on '.center > span' allows the element to behave like an HTML element.
    4.  
  4. text-align: center on '.center > span' centers the child element horizontally.
    5.  
  5. vertical-align: middle on '.center > span' centers the child element vertically.
    6.  
 
The outer parent ('.container' in this case) must have a fixed height and width.
 
Browser support
 
 
 99+% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Donut spinneranimation
 
Creates a donut spinner that can be used to indicate the loading of content.
 
HTML
<div class="donut"></div>
+
 
Demo
 
 
 
Centered content
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. display: table on '.center' allows the element to behave like a <table> HTML element.
    2.  
  2. 100% height and width on '.center' allows the element to fill the available space within its parent element.
    3.  
  3. display: table-cell on '.center > span' allows the element to behave like an HTML element.
    4.  
  4. text-align: center on '.center > span' centers the child element horizontally.
    5.  
  5. vertical-align: middle on '.center > span' centers the child element vertically.
    6.  
 
The outer parent ('.container' in this case) must have a fixed height and width.
 
Browser support
 
 
 99+% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Donut spinneranimation
 
Creates a donut spinner that can be used to indicate the loading of content.
 
HTML
<div class="donut"></div>
 
 
CSS
@keyframes donut-spin {
   0% {
     transform: rotate(0deg);
@@ -203,7 +197,7 @@ li::before {
   height: 30px;
   animation: donut-spin 1.2s linear infinite;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
Use a semi-transparent border for the whole element, except one side that will serve as the loading indicator for the donut. Use animation to rotate the element.
 
Browser support
 
 
 95.3% 
 
 
⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support.
   
 
 
Dynamic shadowvisual
 
Creates a shadow similar to box-shadow but based on the colors of the element itself.
 
HTML
<div class="dynamic-shadow"></div>
+
 
Demo
 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
Use a semi-transparent border for the whole element, except one side that will serve as the loading indicator for the donut. Use animation to rotate the element.
 
Browser support
 
 
 93.4% 
 
 
⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support.
   
 
 
Dynamic shadowvisual
 
Creates a shadow similar to box-shadow but based on the colors of the element itself.
 
HTML
<div class="dynamic-shadow"></div>
 
 
CSS
.dynamic-shadow {
   position: relative;
   width: 10rem;
@@ -222,7 +216,7 @@ li::before {
   opacity: 0.7;
   z-index: -1;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. position: relative on the element establishes a Cartesian positioning context for psuedo-elements.
    2.  
  2. z-index: 1 establishes a new stacking context.
    3.  
  3. ::after defines a pseudo-element.
    4.  
  4. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
    5.  
  5. width: 100% and height: 100% sizes the pseudo-element to fill its parent's dimensions, making it equal in size.
    6.  
  6. background: inherit causes the pseudo-element to inherit the linear gradient specified on the element.
    7.  
  7. top: 0.5rem offsets the pseudo-element down slightly from its parent.
    8.  
  8. filter: blur(0.4rem) will blur the pseudo-element to create the appearance of a shadow underneath.
    9.  
  9. opacity: 0.7 makes the pseudo-element partially transparent.
    10.  
  10. z-index: -1 positions the pseudo-element behind the parent but in front of the background.
    11.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 91.7% 
 
 
⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support.
   
 
 
Easing variablesanimation
 
Variables that can be reused for transition-timing-function properties, more powerful than the built-in ease, ease-in, ease-out and ease-in-out.
 
HTML
<div class="easing-variables">Hover</div>
+
 
Demo
 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. position: relative on the element establishes a Cartesian positioning context for psuedo-elements.
    2.  
  2. z-index: 1 establishes a new stacking context.
    3.  
  3. ::after defines a pseudo-element.
    4.  
  4. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
    5.  
  5. width: 100% and height: 100% sizes the pseudo-element to fill its parent's dimensions, making it equal in size.
    6.  
  6. background: inherit causes the pseudo-element to inherit the linear gradient specified on the element.
    7.  
  7. top: 0.5rem offsets the pseudo-element down slightly from its parent.
    8.  
  8. filter: blur(0.4rem) will blur the pseudo-element to create the appearance of a shadow underneath.
    9.  
  9. opacity: 0.7 makes the pseudo-element partially transparent.
    10.  
  10. z-index: -1 positions the pseudo-element behind the parent but in front of the background.
    11.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 90.2% 
 
 
⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support.
   
 
 
Easing variablesanimation
 
Variables that can be reused for transition-timing-function properties, more powerful than the built-in ease, ease-in, ease-out and ease-in-out.
 
HTML
<div class="easing-variables">Hover</div>
 
 
CSS
:root {
   /* Place variables in here to use globally */
 }
@@ -258,14 +252,14 @@ li::before {
 .easing-variables:hover {
   transform: rotate(45deg);
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
Hover
 
  
Explanation
 
The variables are defined globally within the :root CSS pseudo-class which matches the root element of a tree representing the document. In HTML, :root represents the <html> element and is identical to the selector html, except that its specificity is higher.
 
Browser support
 
 
 88.0% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Etched textvisual
 
Creates an effect where text appears to be "etched" or engraved into the background.
 
HTML
<p class="etched-text">I appear etched into the background.</p>
+
 
Demo
 
 
Hover
 
  
Explanation
 
The variables are defined globally within the :root CSS pseudo-class which matches the root element of a tree representing the document. In HTML, :root represents the <html> element and is identical to the selector html, except that its specificity is higher.
 
Browser support
 
 
 87.6% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Etched textvisual
 
Creates an effect where text appears to be "etched" or engraved into the background.
 
HTML
<p class="etched-text">I appear etched into the background.</p>
 
 
CSS
.etched-text {
   text-shadow: 0 2px white;
   font-size: 1.5rem;
   font-weight: bold;
   color: #b8bec5;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
I appear etched into the background.
 
  
Explanation
 
text-shadow: 0 2px white creates a white shadow offset 0px horizontally and 2px vertically from the origin position.
 
The background must be darker than the shadow for the effect to work.
 
The text color should be slightly faded to make it look like it's engraved/carved out of the background.
 
Browser support
 
 
 98.1% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Evenly distributed childrenlayout
 
Evenly distributes child elements within a parent element.
 
HTML
<div class="evenly-distributed-children">
+
 
Demo
 
 
I appear etched into the background.
 
  
Explanation
 
text-shadow: 0 2px white creates a white shadow offset 0px horizontally and 2px vertically from the origin position.
 
The background must be darker than the shadow for the effect to work.
 
The text color should be slightly faded to make it look like it's engraved/carved out of the background.
 
Browser support
 
 
 95.5% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Evenly distributed childrenlayout
 
Evenly distributes child elements within a parent element.
 
HTML
<div class="evenly-distributed-children">
   <p>Item1</p>
   <p>Item2</p>
   <p>Item3</p>
@@ -274,31 +268,43 @@ li::before {
   display: flex;
   justify-content: space-between;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
 
Item1
 
Item2
 
Item3
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. display: flex enables flexbox.
    2.  
  2. justify-content: space-between evenly distributes child elements horizontally. The first item is positioned at the left edge, while the last item is positioned at the right edge.
    3.  
 
Alternatively, use justify-content: space-around to distribute the children with space around them, rather than between them.
 
Browser support
 
 
 98.1% 
 
 
⚠️ Needs prefixes for full support.
   
 
 
Flexbox centeringlayout
 
Horizontally and vertically centers a child element within a parent element using flexbox.
 
HTML
<div class="flexbox-centering">
-  <div class="child">Centered content.</div>
-</div>
+
 
Demo
 
 
 
Item1
 
Item2
 
Item3
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. display: flex enables flexbox.
    2.  
  2. justify-content: space-between evenly distributes child elements horizontally. The first item is positioned at the left edge, while the last item is positioned at the right edge.
    3.  
 
Alternatively, use justify-content: space-around to distribute the children with space around them, rather than between them.
 
Browser support
 
 
 95.5% 
 
 
⚠️ Needs prefixes for full support.
   
 
 
Fit image in containerlayoutvisual
 
Changes the fit and position of an image within its container while preserving its aspect ratio. Previously only possible using a background image and the background-size property.
 
HTML
<img class="image image-contain" src="https://picsum.photos/600/200" />
+<img class="image image-cover" src="https://picsum.photos/600/200" />
+
 
CSS
.image {
+  background: #34495e;
+  border: 1px solid #34495e;
+  width: 200px;
+  height: 200px;
+}
+.image-contain {
+  object-fit: contain;
+  object-position: center;
+}
+.image-cover {
+  object-fit: cover;
+  object-position: right top;
+}
+
 
Demo
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  • object-fit: contain fits the entire image within the container while preserving its aspect ratio.
    •  
  • object-fit: cover fills the container with the image while preserving its aspect ratio.
    •  
  • object-position: [x] [y] positions the image within the container.
    •  
 
Browser support
 
 
 91.5% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
    
 
 
Flexbox centeringlayout
 
Horizontally and vertically centers a child element within a parent element using flexbox.
 
HTML
<div class="flexbox-centering"><div class="child">Centered content.</div></div>
 
 
CSS
.flexbox-centering {
   display: flex;
   justify-content: center;
   align-items: center;
   height: 100px;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
 
Centered content.
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. display: flex enables flexbox.
    2.  
  2. justify-content: center centers the child horizontally.
    3.  
  3. align-items: center centers the child vertically.
    4.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 98.1% 
 
 
⚠️ Needs prefixes for full support.
   
 
 
Gradient textvisual
 
Gives text a gradient color.
 
HTML
<p class="gradient-text">Gradient text</p>
+
 
Demo
 
 
 
Centered content.
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. display: flex enables flexbox.
    2.  
  2. justify-content: center centers the child horizontally.
    3.  
  3. align-items: center centers the child vertically.
    4.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 95.5% 
 
 
⚠️ Needs prefixes for full support.
   
 
 
Gradient textvisual
 
Gives text a gradient color.
 
HTML
<p class="gradient-text">Gradient text</p>
 
 
CSS
.gradient-text {
   background: -webkit-linear-gradient(pink, red);
   -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
   -webkit-background-clip: text;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
Gradient text
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. background: -webkit-linear-gradient(...) gives the text element a gradient background.
    2.  
  2. webkit-text-fill-color: transparent fills the text with a transparent color.
    3.  
  3. webkit-background-clip: text clips the background with the text, filling the text with the gradient background as the color.
    4.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 91.5% 
 
 
⚠️ Uses non-standard properties.
   
 
 
Grid centeringlayout
 
Horizontally and vertically centers a child element within a parent element using grid.
 
HTML
<div class="grid-centering">
-  <div class="child">Centered content.</div>
-</div>
+
 
Demo
 
 
Gradient text
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. background: -webkit-linear-gradient(...) gives the text element a gradient background.
    2.  
  2. webkit-text-fill-color: transparent fills the text with a transparent color.
    3.  
  3. webkit-background-clip: text clips the background with the text, filling the text with the gradient background as the color.
    4.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 90.1% 
 
 
⚠️ Uses non-standard properties.
   
 
 
Grid centeringlayout
 
Horizontally and vertically centers a child element within a parent element using grid.
 
HTML
<div class="grid-centering"><div class="child">Centered content.</div></div>
 
 
CSS
.grid-centering {
   display: grid;
   justify-content: center;
   align-items: center;
   height: 100px;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
 
Centered content.
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. display: grid enables grid.
    2.  
  2. justify-content: center centers the child horizontally.
    3.  
  3. align-items: center centers the child vertically.
    4.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 87.6% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Hairline bordervisual
 
Gives an element a border equal to 1 native device pixel in width, which can look very sharp and crisp.
 
HTML
<div class="hairline-border">text</div>
+
 
Demo
 
 
 
Centered content.
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. display: grid enables grid.
    2.  
  2. justify-content: center centers the child horizontally.
    3.  
  3. align-items: center centers the child vertically.
    4.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 88.3% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Hairline bordervisual
 
Gives an element a border equal to 1 native device pixel in width, which can look very sharp and crisp.
 
HTML
<div class="hairline-border">text</div>
 
 
CSS
.hairline-border {
   box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px;
 }
@@ -317,7 +323,7 @@ li::before {
     box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.25px;
   }
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
text
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. box-shadow, when only using spread, adds a pseudo-border which can use subpixels*.
    2.  
  2. Use @media (min-resolution: ...) to check the device pixel ratio (1dppx equals 96 DPI), setting the spread of the box-shadow equal to 1 / dppx.
    3.  
 
Browser Support
 
 
 95.5% 
 
 
⚠️ Needs alternate syntax and JavaScript user agent checking for full support.
  
 
*Chrome does not support subpixel values on border. Safari does not support subpixel values on box-shadow. Firefox supports subpixel values on both.
  
 
 
Height transitionanimation
 
Transitions an element's height from 0 to auto when its height is unknown.
 
HTML
<div class="trigger">
+
 
Demo
 
 
text
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. box-shadow, when only using spread, adds a pseudo-border which can use subpixels*.
    2.  
  2. Use @media (min-resolution: ...) to check the device pixel ratio (1dppx equals 96 DPI), setting the spread of the box-shadow equal to 1 / dppx.
    3.  
 
Browser Support
 
 
 93.7% 
 
 
⚠️ Needs alternate syntax and JavaScript user agent checking for full support.
  
 
*Chrome does not support subpixel values on border. Safari does not support subpixel values on box-shadow. Firefox supports subpixel values on both.
  
 
 
Height transitionanimation
 
Transitions an element's height from 0 to auto when its height is unknown.
 
HTML
<div class="trigger">
   Hover me to see a height transition.
   <div class="el">content</div>
 </div>
@@ -332,7 +338,23 @@ li::before {
 
 
JavaScript
var el = document.querySelector('.el')
 var height = el.scrollHeight
 el.style.setProperty('--max-height', height + 'px')
-
 
Demo
 
 
 Hover me to see a height transition. 
content
 
 
   
Explanation
 
CSS
 
     
  1. transition: max-height: 0.5s cubic-bezier(...) specifies that changes to max-height should be transitioned over 0.5 seconds, using an ease-out-quint timing function.
    2.  
  2. overflow: hidden prevents the contents of the hidden element from overflowing its container.
    3.  
  3. max-height: 0 specifies that the element has no height initially.
    4.  
  4. .target:hover > .el specifies that when the parent is hovered over, target a child .el within it and use the --max-height variable which was defined by JavaScript.
    5.  
 
JavaScript
 
     
  1. el.scrollHeight is the height of the element including overflow, which will change dynamically based on the content of the element.
    2.  
  2. el.style.setProperty(...) sets the --max-height CSS variable which is used to specify the max-height of the element the target is hovered over, allowing it to transition smoothly from 0 to auto.
    3.  
 
Browser Support
 
 
 88.0% 
 
 
 
Requires JavaScript
  ⚠️ Causes reflow on each animation frame, which will be laggy if there are a large number of elements beneath the element that is transitioning in height.  
   
 
 
Hover underline animationanimation
 
Creates an animated underline effect when the text is hovered over.
 
 Credit: https://flatuicolors.com/  
 
HTML
<p class="hover-underline-animation">Hover this text to see the effect!</p>
+
 
Demo
 
 
 Hover me to see a height transition. 
content
 
 
   
Explanation
 
CSS
 
     
  1. transition: max-height: 0.5s cubic-bezier(...) specifies that changes to max-height should be transitioned over 0.5 seconds, using an ease-out-quint timing function.
    2.  
  2. overflow: hidden prevents the contents of the hidden element from overflowing its container.
    3.  
  3. max-height: 0 specifies that the element has no height initially.
    4.  
  4. .target:hover > .el specifies that when the parent is hovered over, target a child .el within it and use the --max-height variable which was defined by JavaScript.
    5.  
 
JavaScript
 
     
  1. el.scrollHeight is the height of the element including overflow, which will change dynamically based on the content of the element.
    2.  
  2. el.style.setProperty(...) sets the --max-height CSS variable which is used to specify the max-height of the element the target is hovered over, allowing it to transition smoothly from 0 to auto.
    3.  
 
Browser Support
 
 
 87.6% 
 
 
 
Requires JavaScript
  ⚠️ Causes reflow on each animation frame, which will be laggy if there are a large number of elements beneath the element that is transitioning in height.  
   
 
 
Hover Shadow Box Animationanimation
 
Creates a shadow box around the text whern it is hovered.
 
HTML
<p class="hover-shadow-box-animation">Box it!</p>
+
 
CSS
.hover-shadow-box-animation {
+  display: inline-block;
+  vertical-align: middle;
+  transform: perspective(1px) translateZ(0);
+  box-shadow: 0 0 1px transparent;
+  margin: 10px;
+  transition-duration: 0.3s;
+  transition-property: box-shadow, transform;
+}
+.hover-shadow-box-animation:hover,
+.hover-shadow-box-animation:focus,
+.hover-shadow-box-animation:active {
+  box-shadow: 1px 10px 10px -10px rgba(0, 0, 24, 0.5);
+  transform: scale(1.2);
+}
+
 
Demo
 
 
Box it!
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. display: inline-block to set width and length for p element thus making it an inline-block.
    2.  
  2. Set transform: perspective(1px) to give element a 3D space by affecting the distance between the Z plane and the user and translate(0) to reposition the p element along z-axis in 3D space.
    3.  
  3. box-shadow: to set up the box.
    4.  
  4. transparent to make box transparent.
    5.  
  5. transition-property to enable transitions for both box-shadow and transform.
    6.  
  6. :hover to activate whole css when hovering is done until active.
    7.  
  7. transform: scale(1.2) to change the scale, magnifying the text.
    8.  
 
Browser Support
 
 
 93.3% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Hover underline animationanimation
 
Creates an animated underline effect when the text is hovered over.
 
Credit: https://flatuicolors.com/
 
HTML
<p class="hover-underline-animation">Hover this text to see the effect!</p>
 
 
CSS
.hover-underline-animation {
   display: inline-block;
   position: relative;
@@ -354,7 +376,7 @@ el.style.setProperty('--max-height', height + 'px')
   transform: scaleX(1);
   transform-origin: bottom left;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
Hover this text to see the effect!
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. display: inline-block makes the block p an inline-block to prevent the underline from spanning the entire parent width rather than just the content (text).
    2.  
  2. position: relative on the element establishes a Cartesian positioning context for pseudo-elements.
    3.  
  3. ::after defines a pseudo-element.
    4.  
  4. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
    5.  
  5. width: 100% ensures the pseudo-element spans the entire width of the text block.
    6.  
  6. transform: scaleX(0) initially scales the pseudo element to 0 so it has no width and is not visible.
    7.  
  7. bottom: 0 and left: 0 position it to the bottom left of the block.
    8.  
  8. transition: transform 0.25s ease-out means changes to transform will be transitioned over 0.25 seconds with an ease-out timing function.
    9.  
  9. transform-origin: bottom right means the transform anchor point is positioned at the bottom right of the block.
    10.  
  10. :hover::after then uses scaleX(1) to transition the width to 100%, then changes the transform-origin to bottom left so that the anchor point is reversed, allowing it transition out in the other direction when hovered off.
    11.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 95.4% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 New 
Last item with remaining available heightlayout
 
Take advantage of available viewport space by giving the last element the remaining available space in current viewport, even when resizing the window.
 
HTML
<div class="container">
+
 
Demo
 
 
Hover this text to see the effect!
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. display: inline-block makes the block p an inline-block to prevent the underline from spanning the entire parent width rather than just the content (text).
    2.  
  2. position: relative on the element establishes a Cartesian positioning context for pseudo-elements.
    3.  
  3. ::after defines a pseudo-element.
    4.  
  4. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
    5.  
  5. width: 100% ensures the pseudo-element spans the entire width of the text block.
    6.  
  6. transform: scaleX(0) initially scales the pseudo element to 0 so it has no width and is not visible.
    7.  
  7. bottom: 0 and left: 0 position it to the bottom left of the block.
    8.  
  8. transition: transform 0.25s ease-out means changes to transform will be transitioned over 0.25 seconds with an ease-out timing function.
    9.  
  9. transform-origin: bottom right means the transform anchor point is positioned at the bottom right of the block.
    10.  
  10. :hover::after then uses scaleX(1) to transition the width to 100%, then changes the transform-origin to bottom left so that the anchor point is reversed, allowing it transition out in the other direction when hovered off.
    11.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 93.5% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Last item with remaining available heightlayout
 
Take advantage of available viewport space by giving the last element the remaining available space in current viewport, even when resizing the window.
 
HTML
<div class="container">
   <div>Div 1</div>
   <div>Div 2</div>
   <div>Div 3</div>
@@ -373,9 +395,7 @@ body {
   background-color: tomato;
   flex: 1;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
 
Div 1
 
Div 2
 
Div 3
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. height: 100% set the height of container as viewport height.
    2.  
  2. display: flex enables flexbox.
    3.  
  3. flex-direction: column set the direction of flex items' order from top to down.
    4.  
  4. flex-grow: 1 the flexbox will apply remaining available space of container to last child element.
    5.  
 
The parent must have a viewport height. flex-grow: 1 could be applied to the first or second element, which will have all available space.
 
Browser support
 
 
 98.1% 
 
 
⚠️ Needs prefixes for full support.
    
 
 
Mouse cursor gradient trackingvisualinteractivity
 
A hover effect where the gradient follows the mouse cursor.
 
 Credit: Tobias Reich  
 
HTML
<button class="mouse-cursor-gradient-tracking">
-  <span>Hover me</span>
-</button>
+
 
Demo
 
 
 
Div 1
 
Div 2
 
Div 3
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. height: 100% set the height of container as viewport height.
    2.  
  2. display: flex enables flexbox.
    3.  
  3. flex-direction: column set the direction of flex items' order from top to down.
    4.  
  4. flex-grow: 1 the flexbox will apply remaining available space of container to last child element.
    5.  
 
The parent must have a viewport height. flex-grow: 1 could be applied to the first or second element, which will have all available space.
 
Browser support
 
 
 95.5% 
 
 
⚠️ Needs prefixes for full support.
    
 
 
Mouse cursor gradient trackingvisualinteractivity
 
A hover effect where the gradient follows the mouse cursor.
 
Credit: Tobias Reich
 
HTML
<button class="mouse-cursor-gradient-tracking"><span>Hover me</span></button>
 
 
CSS
.mouse-cursor-gradient-tracking {
   position: relative;
   background: #7983ff;
@@ -412,7 +432,7 @@ btn.onmousemove = function(e) {
   btn.style.setProperty('--x', x + 'px')
   btn.style.setProperty('--y', y + 'px')
 }
-
 
Demo
 
  
   
Explanation
 
TODO
 
Browser support
 
 
 88.0% 
 
 
 
Requires JavaScript
 ⚠️ Requires JavaScript. 
   
 
 
:not selectorvisual
 
The :not psuedo selector is useful for styling a group of elements, while leaving the last (or specified) element unstyled.
 
HTML
<ul class="css-not-selector-shortcut">
+
 
Demo
 
   
Explanation
 
TODO
 
Browser support
 
 
 87.6% 
 
 
 
Requires JavaScript
 ⚠️ Requires JavaScript. 
   
 
 
:not selectorvisual
 
The :not psuedo selector is useful for styling a group of elements, while leaving the last (or specified) element unstyled.
 
HTML
<ul class="css-not-selector-shortcut">
   <li>One</li>
   <li>Two</li>
   <li>Three</li>
@@ -432,9 +452,8 @@ li {
 li:not(:last-child) {
   border-right: 2px solid #d2d5e4;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
     
  • One
    •  
  • Two
    •  
  • Three
    •  
  • Four
    •  
 
  
Explanation
 
li:not(:last-child) specifies that the styles should apply to all li elements except the :last-child.
 
Browser support
 
 
 98.4% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Offscreenlayoutvisual
 
A bulletproof way to completely hide an element visually and positionally in the DOM while still allowing it to be accessed by JavaScript and readable by screen readers. This method is very useful for accessibility ( ADA) development when more context is needed for visually-impaired users. As an alternative to display: none which is not readable by screen readers or visibility: hidden which takes up physical space in the DOM.
 
HTML
<a class="button" href="http://pantswebsite.com">
-  Learn More
-  <span class="offscreen"> about pants</span>
+
 
Demo
 
 
     
  • One
    •  
  • Two
    •  
  • Three
    •  
  • Four
    •  
 
  
Explanation
 
li:not(:last-child) specifies that the styles should apply to all li elements except the :last-child.
 
Browser support
 
 
 95.9% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Offscreenlayoutvisual
 
A bulletproof way to completely hide an element visually and positionally in the DOM while still allowing it to be accessed by JavaScript and readable by screen readers. This method is very useful for accessibility (ADA) development when more context is needed for visually-impaired users. As an alternative to display: none which is not readable by screen readers or visibility: hidden which takes up physical space in the DOM.
 
HTML
<a class="button" href="http://pantswebsite.com">
+  Learn More <span class="offscreen"> about pants</span>
 </a>
 
 
CSS
.offscreen {
   border: 0;
@@ -446,15 +465,15 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
   position: absolute;
   width: 1px;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
  Learn More  about pants  
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. Remove all borders.
    2.  
  2. Use clip to indicate that no part of the element should be shown.
    3.  
  3. Make the height and width of the element 1px.
    4.  
  4. Negate the elements height and width using margin: -1px.
    5.  
  5. Hide the element's overflow.
    6.  
  6. Remove all padding.
    7.  
  7. Position the element absolutely so that it does not take up space in the DOM.
    8.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 99+% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
 
(Although clip technically has been depreciated, the newer clip-path currently has very limited browser support.)
   
 
 
Overflow scroll gradientvisual
 
Adds a fading gradient to an overflowing element to better indicate there is more content to be scrolled.
 
HTML
<div class="overflow-scroll-gradient">
+
 
Demo
 
 Learn More  about pants 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. Remove all borders.
    2.  
  2. Use clip to indicate that no part of the element should be shown.
    3.  
  3. Make the height and width of the element 1px.
    4.  
  4. Negate the elements height and width using margin: -1px.
    5.  
  5. Hide the element's overflow.
    6.  
  6. Remove all padding.
    7.  
  7. Position the element absolutely so that it does not take up space in the DOM.
    8.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 99+% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
 
(Although clip technically has been depreciated, the newer clip-path currently has very limited browser support.)
   
 
 
Overflow scroll gradientvisual
 
Adds a fading gradient to an overflowing element to better indicate there is more content to be scrolled.
 
HTML
<div class="overflow-scroll-gradient">
   <div class="overflow-scroll-gradient__scroller">
-    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. <br>
-    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br>
-    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br>
-    Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? <br>
-    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.<br>
-    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br>
-    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br>
+    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. <br />
+    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br />
+    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br />
+    Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? <br />
+    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.<br />
+    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br />
+    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br />
     Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
   </div>
 </div>
@@ -481,11 +500,7 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
   padding: 15px;
   line-height: 1.2;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
 
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. 
 Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, 
 molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. 
 Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? 
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. 
 Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, 
 molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. 
 Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. position: relative on the parent establishes a Cartesian positioning context for pseudo-elements.
    2.  
  2. ::after defines a pseudo element.
    3.  
  3. background-image: linear-gradient(...) adds a linear gradient that fades from transparent to white (top to bottom).
    4.  
  4. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
    5.  
  5. width: 240px matches the size of the scrolling element (which is a child of the parent that has the pseudo element).
    6.  
  6. height: 25px is the height of the fading gradient pseudo-element, which should be kept relatively small.
    7.  
  7. bottom: 0 positions the pseudo-element at the bottom of the parent.
    8.  
  8. pointer-events: none specifies that the pseudo-element cannot be a target of mouse events, allowing text behind it to still be selectable/interactive.
    9.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 95.4% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Popout menuinteractivity
 
Reveals an interactive popout menu on hover and focus.
 
HTML
<div class="reference" tabindex="0">
-  <div class="popout-menu">
-    Popout menu
-  </div>
-</div>
+
 
Demo
 
 
 
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. 
 Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, 
 molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. 
 Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? 
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.
 Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, 
 molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. 
 Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. position: relative on the parent establishes a Cartesian positioning context for pseudo-elements.
    2.  
  2. ::after defines a pseudo element.
    3.  
  3. background-image: linear-gradient(...) adds a linear gradient that fades from transparent to white (top to bottom).
    4.  
  4. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
    5.  
  5. width: 240px matches the size of the scrolling element (which is a child of the parent that has the pseudo element).
    6.  
  6. height: 25px is the height of the fading gradient pseudo-element, which should be kept relatively small.
    7.  
  7. bottom: 0 positions the pseudo-element at the bottom of the parent.
    8.  
  8. pointer-events: none specifies that the pseudo-element cannot be a target of mouse events, allowing text behind it to still be selectable/interactive.
    9.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 93.5% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Popout menuinteractivity
 
Reveals an interactive popout menu on hover and focus.
 
HTML
<div class="reference" tabindex="0"><div class="popout-menu">Popout menu</div></div>
 
 
CSS
.reference {
   position: relative;
   background: tomato;
@@ -505,7 +520,7 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
 .reference:focus-within > .popout-menu {
   visibility: visible;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
 
 Popout menu 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. position: relative on the reference parent establishes a Cartesian positioning context for its child.
    2.  
  2. position: absolute takes the popout menu out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
    3.  
  3. left: 100% moves the the popout menu 100% of its parent's width from the left.
    4.  
  4. visibility: hidden hides the popout menu initially and allows for transitions (unlike display: none).
    5.  
  5. .reference:hover > .popout-menu means that when .reference is hovered over, select immediate children with a class of .popout-menu and change their visibility to visible, which shows the popout.
    6.  
  6. .reference:focus > .popout-menu means that when .reference is focused, the popout would be shown.
    7.  
  7. .reference:focus-within > .popout-menu ensures that the popout is shown when the focus is within the reference.
    8.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 99+% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
  
 
 
Pretty text underlinevisual
 
A nicer alternative to text-decoration: underline or <u></u> where descenders do not clip the underline. Natively implemented as text-decoration-skip-ink: auto but it has less control over the underline.
 
HTML
<p class="pretty-text-underline">Pretty text underline without clipping descending letters.</p>
+
 
Demo
 
 
 
Popout menu
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. position: relative on the reference parent establishes a Cartesian positioning context for its child.
    2.  
  2. position: absolute takes the popout menu out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
    3.  
  3. left: 100% moves the the popout menu 100% of its parent's width from the left.
    4.  
  4. visibility: hidden hides the popout menu initially and allows for transitions (unlike display: none).
    5.  
  5. .reference:hover > .popout-menu means that when .reference is hovered over, select immediate children with a class of .popout-menu and change their visibility to visible, which shows the popout.
    6.  
  6. .reference:focus > .popout-menu means that when .reference is focused, the popout would be shown.
    7.  
  7. .reference:focus-within > .popout-menu ensures that the popout is shown when the focus is within the reference.
    8.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 99+% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
  
 
 
Pretty text underlinevisual
 
A nicer alternative to text-decoration: underline or <u></u> where descenders do not clip the underline. Natively implemented as text-decoration-skip-ink: auto but it has less control over the underline.
 
HTML
<p class="pretty-text-underline">Pretty text underline without clipping descending letters.</p>
 
 
CSS
.pretty-text-underline {
   display: inline;
   text-shadow: 1px 1px #f5f6f9, -1px 1px #f5f6f9, -1px -1px #f5f6f9, 1px -1px #f5f6f9;
@@ -522,14 +537,18 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
   background-color: rgba(0, 150, 255, 0.3);
   text-shadow: none;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
Pretty text underline without clipping descending letters.
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. text-shadow uses 4 values with offsets that cover a 4x4 px area to ensure the underline has a "thick" shadow that covers the line where descenders clip it. Use a color that matches the background. For a larger font, use a larger px size. Additional values can create an even thicker shadow, and subpixel values can also be used.
    2.  
  2. background-image: linear-gradient(...) creates a 90deg gradient using the text color (currentColor).
    3.  
  3. The background-* properties size the gradient as 100% of the width of the block and 1px in height at the bottom and disables repetition, which creates a 1px underline beneath the text.
    4.  
  4. The ::selection pseudo selector rule ensures the text shadow does not interfere with text selection. 
    5.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 95.4% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Reset all stylesvisual
 
Resets all styles to default values with one property. This will not affect direction and unicode-bidi properties.
 
HTML
<div class="reset-all-styles">
+
 
Demo
 
 
Pretty text underline without clipping descending letters.
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. text-shadow uses 4 values with offsets that cover a 4x4 px area to ensure the underline has a "thick" shadow that covers the line where descenders clip it. Use a color that matches the background. For a larger font, use a larger px size. Additional values can create an even thicker shadow, and subpixel values can also be used.
    2.  
  2. background-image: linear-gradient(...) creates a 90deg gradient using the text color (currentColor).
    3.  
  3. The background-* properties size the gradient as 100% of the width of the block and 1px in height at the bottom and disables repetition, which creates a 1px underline beneath the text.
    4.  
  4. The ::selection pseudo selector rule ensures the text shadow does not interfere with text selection.
    5.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 93.5% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Reset all stylesvisual
 
Resets all styles to default values with one property. This will not affect direction and unicode-bidi properties.
 
HTML
<div class="reset-all-styles">
   <h5>Title</h5>
-  <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?</p>
+  <p>
+    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Iure id exercitationem nulla qui
+    repellat laborum vitae, molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. Quisquam enim qui
+    iure, consequatur velit sit?
+  </p>
 </div>
 
 
CSS
.reset-all-styles {
   all: initial;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
 
Title
 
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
 
 
  
Explanation
 
The all property allows you to reset all styles (inherited or not) to default values.
 
Browser support
 
 
 88.3% 
 
 
⚠️ MS Edge status is under consideration.
   
 
 
Shape separatorvisual
 
Uses an SVG shape to separate two different blocks to create more a interesting visual appearance compared to standard horizontal separation.
 
HTML
<div class="shape-separator"></div>
+
 
Demo
 
 
 
Title
 
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
The all property allows you to reset all styles (inherited or not) to default values.
 
Browser support
 
 
 87.2% 
 
 
⚠️ MS Edge status is under consideration.
   
 
 
Shape separatorvisual
 
Uses an SVG shape to separate two different blocks to create more a interesting visual appearance compared to standard horizontal separation.
 
HTML
<div class="shape-separator"></div>
 
 
CSS
.shape-separator {
   position: relative;
   height: 48px;
@@ -543,13 +562,9 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
   height: 12px;
   bottom: 0;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. position: relative on the element establishes a Cartesian positioning context for pseudo elements.
    2.  
  2. ::after defines a pseudo element.
    3.  
  3. background-image: url(...) adds the SVG shape (a 24x12 triangle) as the background image of the pseudo element, which repeats by default. It must be the same color as the block that is being separated. For other shapes, we can use the URL-encoder for SVG.
    4.  
  4. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
    5.  
  5. width: 100% ensures the element stretches the entire width of its parent.
    6.  
  6. height: 12px is the same height as the shape.
    7.  
  7. bottom: 0 positions the pseudo element at the bottom of the parent.
    8.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 98.3% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Sibling fadeinteractivity
 
Fades out the siblings of a hovered item.
 
HTML
<div class="sibling-fade">
-  <span>Item 1</span>
-  <span>Item 2</span>
-  <span>Item 3</span>
-  <span>Item 4</span>
-  <span>Item 5</span>
-  <span>Item 6</span>
+
 
Demo
 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. position: relative on the element establishes a Cartesian positioning context for pseudo elements.
    2.  
  2. ::after defines a pseudo element.
    3.  
  3. background-image: url(...) adds the SVG shape (a 24x12 triangle) as the background image of the pseudo element, which repeats by default. It must be the same color as the block that is being separated. For other shapes, we can use the URL-encoder for SVG.
    4.  
  4. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
    5.  
  5. width: 100% ensures the element stretches the entire width of its parent.
    6.  
  6. height: 12px is the same height as the shape.
    7.  
  7. bottom: 0 positions the pseudo element at the bottom of the parent.
    8.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 95.7% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
Sibling fadeinteractivity
 
Fades out the siblings of a hovered item.
 
HTML
<div class="sibling-fade">
+  <span>Item 1</span> <span>Item 2</span> <span>Item 3</span> <span>Item 4</span>
+  <span>Item 5</span> <span>Item 6</span>
 </div>
 
 
CSS
span {
   padding: 0 1rem;
@@ -558,13 +573,12 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
 .sibling-fade:hover span:not(:hover) {
   opacity: 0.5;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
 Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5 Item 6 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. transition: opacity 0.2s specifies that changes to opacity will be transitioned over 0.2 seconds.
    2.  
  2. .sibling-fade:hover span:not(:hover) specifies that when the parent is hovered, select any span children that are not currently being hovered and change their opacity to 0.5.
    3.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 95.4% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
System font stackvisual
 
Uses the native font of the operating system to get close to a native app feel.
 
HTML
<p class="system-font-stack">This text uses the system font.</p>
+
 
Demo
 
 
 Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5 Item 6 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. transition: opacity 0.2s specifies that changes to opacity will be transitioned over 0.2 seconds.
    2.  
  2. .sibling-fade:hover span:not(:hover) specifies that when the parent is hovered, select any span children that are not currently being hovered and change their opacity to 0.5.
    3.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 93.5% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
   
 
 
System font stackvisual
 
Uses the native font of the operating system to get close to a native app feel.
 
HTML
<p class="system-font-stack">This text uses the system font.</p>
 
 
CSS
.system-font-stack {
   font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu,
     Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
This text uses the system font.
 
  
Explanation
 
The browser looks for each successive font, preferring the first one if possible, and falls back to the next if it cannot find the font (on the system or defined in CSS).
 
     
  1. -apple-system is San Francisco, used on iOS and macOS (not Chrome however)
    2.  
  2. BlinkMacSystemFont is San Francisco, used on macOS Chrome
    3.  
  3. Segoe UI is used on Windows 10
    4.  
  4. Roboto is used on Android
    5.  
  5. Oxygen-Sans is used on GNU+Linux
    6.  
  6. Ubuntu is used on Linux
    7.  
  7. "Helvetica Neue" and Helvetica is used on macOS 10.10 and below (wrapped in quotes because it has a space)
    8.  
  8. Arial is a font widely supported by all operating systems
    9.  
  9. sans-serif is the fallback sans-serif font if none of the other fonts are supported
    10.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 99+% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
  
 
 New 
Toggle switchvisualinteractivity
 
Creates a toggle switch with CSS only.
 
HTML
<input type="checkbox" id="toggle" class="offscreen" />
-<label for="toggle" class="switch"></label>
+
 
Demo
 
 
This text uses the system font.
 
  
Explanation
 
The browser looks for each successive font, preferring the first one if possible, and falls back to the next if it cannot find the font (on the system or defined in CSS).
 
     
  1. -apple-system is San Francisco, used on iOS and macOS (not Chrome however)
    2.  
  2. BlinkMacSystemFont is San Francisco, used on macOS Chrome
    3.  
  3. Segoe UI is used on Windows 10
    4.  
  4. Roboto is used on Android
    5.  
  5. Oxygen-Sans is used on GNU+Linux
    6.  
  6. Ubuntu is used on Linux
    7.  
  7. "Helvetica Neue" and Helvetica is used on macOS 10.10 and below (wrapped in quotes because it has a space)
    8.  
  8. Arial is a font widely supported by all operating systems
    9.  
  9. sans-serif is the fallback sans-serif font if none of the other fonts are supported
    10.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 99+% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
  
 
 
Toggle switchvisualinteractivity
 
Creates a toggle switch with CSS only.
 
HTML
<input type="checkbox" id="toggle" class="offscreen" /> <label for="toggle" class="switch"></label>
 
 
CSS
.switch {
   position: relative;
   display: inline-block;
@@ -595,9 +609,7 @@ input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch {
   position: absolute;
   left: -9999px;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
   
  
Explanation
 
This effect is styling only the <label> element to look like a toggle switch, and hiding the actual <input> checkbox by positioning it offscreen. When clicking the label associated with the <input> element, it sets the <input> checkbox into the :checked state.
 
     
  1. The for attribute associates the <label> with the appropriate <input> checkbox element by its id.
    2.  
  2. .switch::after defines a pseudo-element for the <label> to create the circular knob.
    3.  
  3. input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch::after targets the <label>'s pseudo-element's style when the checkbox is checked.
    4.  
  4. transform: translateX(20px) moves the pseudo-element (knob) 20px to the right when the checkbox is checked.
    5.  
  5. background-color: #7983ff; sets the background-color of the switch to a different color when the checkbox is checked.
    6.  
  6. .offscreen moves the <input> checkbox element, which does not comprise any part of the actual toggle switch, out of the flow of document and positions it far away from the view, but does not hide it so it is accessible via keyboard and screen readers.
    7.  
  7. transition: all 0.3s specifies all property changes will be transitioned over 0.3 seconds, therefore transitioning the <label>'s background-color and the pseudo-element's transform property when the checkbox is checked.
    8.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 95.5% 
 
 
⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support.
    
 
 
Transform centeringlayout
 
Vertically and horizontally centers a child element within its parent element using position: absolute and transform: translate() (as an alternative to flexbox or display: table). Similar to flexbox, this method does not require you to know the height or width of your parent or child so it is ideal for responsive applications.
 
HTML
<div class="parent">
-  <div class="child">Centered content</div>
-</div>
+
 
Demo
 
 
  
Explanation
 
This effect is styling only the <label> element to look like a toggle switch, and hiding the actual <input> checkbox by positioning it offscreen. When clicking the label associated with the <input> element, it sets the <input> checkbox into the :checked state.
 
     
  1. The for attribute associates the <label> with the appropriate <input> checkbox element by its id.
    2.  
  2. .switch::after defines a pseudo-element for the <label> to create the circular knob.
    3.  
  3. input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch::after targets the <label>'s pseudo-element's style when the checkbox is checked.
    4.  
  4. transform: translateX(20px) moves the pseudo-element (knob) 20px to the right when the checkbox is checked.
    5.  
  5. background-color: #7983ff; sets the background-color of the switch to a different color when the checkbox is checked.
    6.  
  6. .offscreen moves the <input> checkbox element, which does not comprise any part of the actual toggle switch, out of the flow of document and positions it far away from the view, but does not hide it so it is accessible via keyboard and screen readers.
    7.  
  7. transition: all 0.3s specifies all property changes will be transitioned over 0.3 seconds, therefore transitioning the <label>'s background-color and the pseudo-element's transform property when the checkbox is checked.
    8.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 93.7% 
 
 
⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support.
    
 
 
Transform centeringlayout
 
Vertically and horizontally centers a child element within its parent element using position: absolute and transform: translate() (as an alternative to flexbox or display: table). Similar to flexbox, this method does not require you to know the height or width of your parent or child so it is ideal for responsive applications.
 
HTML
<div class="parent"><div class="child">Centered content</div></div>
 
 
CSS
.parent {
   border: 1px solid #333;
   height: 250px;
@@ -611,7 +623,7 @@ input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch {
   transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
   text-align: center;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
 
Centered content
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. position: absolute on the child element allows it to be positioned based on its containing block.
    2.  
  2. left: 50% and top: 50% offsets the child 50% from the left and top edge of its containing block.
    3.  
  3. transform: translate(-50%, -50%) allows the height and width of the child element to be negated so that it is vertically and horizontally centered.
    4.  
 
Note: Fixed height and width on parent element is for the demo only.
 
Browser support
 
 
 99+% 
 
 
⚠️ Requires prefix for full support.
   
 
 
Trianglevisual
 
Creates a triangle shape with pure CSS.
 
HTML
<div class="triangle"></div>
+
 
Demo
 
 
 
Centered content
 
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. position: absolute on the child element allows it to be positioned based on its containing block.
    2.  
  2. left: 50% and top: 50% offsets the child 50% from the left and top edge of its containing block.
    3.  
  3. transform: translate(-50%, -50%) allows the height and width of the child element to be negated so that it is vertically and horizontally centered.
    4.  
 
Note: Fixed height and width on parent element is for the demo only.
 
Browser support
 
 
 99+% 
 
 
⚠️ Requires prefix for full support.
   
 
 
Trianglevisual
 
Creates a triangle shape with pure CSS.
 
HTML
<div class="triangle"></div>
 
 
CSS
.triangle {
   width: 0;
   height: 0;
@@ -619,11 +631,21 @@ input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch {
   border-left: 20px solid transparent;
   border-right: 20px solid transparent;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
 View this link for a detailed explanation. 
 
The color of the border is the color of the triangle. The side the triangle tip points corresponds to the opposite border-* property. For example, a color on border-top means the arrow points downward.
 
Experiment with the px values to change the proportion of the triangle.
 
Browser support
 
 
 99+% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
  
 
 
Truncate textlayout
 
If the text is longer than one line, it will be truncated and end with an ellipsis ….
 
HTML
<p class="truncate-text">If I exceed one line's width, I will be truncated.</p>
+
 
Demo
 
 
 
  
Explanation
 
View this link for a detailed explanation.
 
The color of the border is the color of the triangle. The side the triangle tip points corresponds to the opposite border-* property. For example, a color on border-top means the arrow points downward.
 
Experiment with the px values to change the proportion of the triangle.
 
Browser support
 
 
 99+% 
 
 
✅ No caveats.
  
 
 
Truncate textlayout
 
If the text is longer than one line, it will be truncated and end with an ellipsis ….
 
HTML
<p class="truncate-text">If I exceed one line's width, I will be truncated.</p>
 
 
CSS
.truncate-text {
   overflow: hidden;
   white-space: nowrap;
   text-overflow: ellipsis;
   width: 200px;
 }
-
 
Demo
 
 
If I exceed one line's width, I will be truncated.
 
  
Explanation
 
     
  1. overflow: hidden prevents the text from overflowing its dimensions (for a block, 100% width and auto height).
    2.  
  2. white-space: nowrap prevents the text from exceeding one line in height.
    3.  
  3. text-overflow: ellipsis makes it so that if the text exceeds its dimensions, it will end with an ellipsis.
    4.  
  4. width: 200px; ensures the element has a dimension, to know when to get ellipsis
    5.  
 
Browser support
 
 
 98.4% 
 
 
⚠️ Only works for single line elements.
   
 
 
 
  
\ No newline at end of file
+

Demo

If I exceed one line's width, I will be truncated.

Explanation

  1. overflow: hidden prevents the text from overflowing its dimensions (for a block, 100% width and auto height).
  2. white-space: nowrap prevents the text from exceeding one line in height.
  3. text-overflow: ellipsis makes it so that if the text exceeds its dimensions, it will end with an ellipsis.
  4. width: 200px; ensures the element has a dimension, to know when to get ellipsis

Browser support

95.8%

⚠️ Only works for single line elements.

Zebra striped listvisual

Creates a striped list with alternating background colors, which is useful for differentiating siblings that have content spread across a wide row.

HTML

<ul>
+  <li>Item 01</li>
+  <li>Item 02</li>
+  <li>Item 03</li>
+  <li>Item 04</li>
+  <li>Item 05</li>
+</ul>
+

CSS

li:nth-child(odd) {
+  background-color: #eee;
+}
+

Demo

  • Item 01
  • Item 02
  • Item 03
  • Item 04
  • Item 05

Explanation

  1. Use the :nth-child(odd) or :nth-child(even) pseudo-class to apply a different background color to elements that match based on their position in a group of siblings.

Note that you can use it to apply different styles to other HTML elements like div, tr, p, ol, etc.

Browser support

95.9%

✅ No caveats.

https://caniuse.com/#feat=css-sel3

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/snippets/button-border.md b/snippets/button-border.md index 0a8af3493..2770a4af8 100644 --- a/snippets/button-border.md +++ b/snippets/button-border.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -### Toggle switch +### Button border animation Creates a border animation on hover. diff --git a/snippets/icon-border.md b/snippets/icon-border.md deleted file mode 100644 index 442eab9fe..000000000 --- a/snippets/icon-border.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,77 +0,0 @@ -### Icon Border Animation - -Creates a border animation on hover. - -#### HTML - -```html - -``` - -#### CSS - -```css -@import url(https://code.ionicframework.com/ionicons/2.0.1/css/ionicons.min.css); -.button { - position: relative; - overflow: hidden; - font-size: 40px; - color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); - margin: 40px; - padding: 3px; - display: inline-block; - text-align: center; - text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); - text-decoration: none; - -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; - box-sizing: border-box; -} -.button::before { - background-color: #2b2b2b; - width: 75px; - height: 75px; - line-height: 75px; -} -.button:after { - position: absolute; - top: 0; - bottom: 0; - left: 0; - right: 0; - background-color: #f39c12; - content: ''; - z-index: -1; - display: inline-block; - -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg) scale(1.5) translate(0%, -100%); - transform: rotate(-45deg) scale(1.5) translate(0%, -100%); -} -.button:before, -.button:after { - -webkit-transition: all 0.4s ease-in-out; - transition: all 0.4s ease-in-out; -} -.button:hover, -.button:active, -.button.hover { - color: #ffffff; -} -.button:hover:after, -.button:active:after, -.button.hover:after { - -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg) scale(1.5) translate(0%, 0%); - transform: rotate(-45deg) scale(1.5) translate(0%, 0%); -} -``` - -#### Demo - -#### Explanation - -This effect is uses before and after selectors to make the border full width on hover. - -#### Browser support - -✅ No caveats. - - - From 75b04e21baf313191f21a132358c973cf8b2766a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Angelos Chalaris Date: Sat, 12 Jan 2019 14:03:37 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 5/6] Revert changes to index.html --- index.html | 1974 +++++++++++++++++++++------------------------------- 1 file changed, 802 insertions(+), 1172 deletions(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 041c02d18..d1910cd78 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -4,15 +4,23 @@ 30 Seconds of CSS - + + + + + + + + + + + - + @@ -101,20 +70,7 @@
- +

Bouncing loaderanimation

Creates a bouncing loader animation.

@@ -125,13 +81,9 @@ </div>

CSS

@keyframes bouncing-loader {
-  from {
-    opacity: 1;
-    transform: translateY(0);
-  }
   to {
     opacity: 0.1;
-    transform: translateY(-1rem);
+    transform: translate3d(0, -1rem, 0);
   }
 }
 .bouncing-loader {
@@ -161,51 +113,41 @@
- +

Explanation

Note: 1rem is usually 16px.

  1. -

    @keyframes defines an animation that has two states, where the element changes opacity and is translated up on the 2D plane using transform: translateY().

    +

    @keyframes defines an animation that has two states, where the element changes opacity and is translated up on the 2D plane using transform: translate3d(). Using a single axis translation on transform: translate3d() improves the performance of the animation.

  2. -

    .bouncing-loader is the parent container of the bouncing circles and uses display: flex and justify-content: center to position them in the center.

    +

    .bouncing-loader is the parent container of the bouncing circles and uses display: flex + and justify-content: center to position them in the center.

  3. -

    .bouncing-loader > div, targets the three child divs of the parent to be styled. The divs are given a width and height of 1rem, using border-radius: 50% to turn them from - squares to circles.

    +

    .bouncing-loader > div, targets the three child divs of the parent to be styled. The divs are given a width and height of 1rem, using border-radius: 50% to turn them from squares to circles.

  4. -

    margin: 3rem 0.2rem specifies that each circle has a top/bottom margin of 3rem and left/right margin of 0.2rem so that they do not directly touch each other, giving them some breathing room.

    +

    margin: 3rem 0.2rem specifies that each circle has a top/bottom margin of 3rem and left/right margin + of 0.2rem so that they do not directly touch each other, giving them some breathing room.

  5. animation is a shorthand property for the various animation properties: animation-name, animation-duration, animation-iteration-count, animation-direction are used.

    @@ -220,14 +162,12 @@

    Browser support

    - 95.3% + 93.4%

    ✅ No caveats.

    @@ -264,28 +204,23 @@
    border-box
    content-box
- +

Explanation

  1. box-sizing: border-box makes the addition of padding or borders not affect an element's width or height.
    2. @@ -294,152 +229,16 @@

    Browser support

    - 98.4% + 95.9%

    ✅ No caveats.

    -
    - New -

    Toggle switchvisualinteractivity

    -

    Creates a border animation on hover.

    -

    HTML

    <button class="button">Submit</button>
-
    -

    CSS

    @import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=BenchNine:700);
-.button {
-  background-color: #c47135;
-  border: none;
-  color: #ffffff;
-  cursor: pointer;
-  display: inline-block;
-  font-family: 'BenchNine', Arial, sans-serif;
-  font-size: 1em;
-  font-size: 22px;
-  line-height: 1em;
-  margin: 15px 40px;
-  outline: none;
-  padding: 12px 40px 10px;
-  position: relative;
-  text-transform: uppercase;
-  font-weight: 700;
-}
-.button:before,
-.button:after {
-  border-color: transparent;
-  -webkit-transition: all 0.25s;
-  transition: all 0.25s;
-  border-style: solid;
-  border-width: 0;
-  content: '';
-  height: 24px;
-  position: absolute;
-  width: 24px;
-}
-.button:before {
-  border-color: #c47135;
-  border-top-width: 2px;
-  left: 0px;
-  top: -5px;
-}
-.button:after {
-  border-bottom-width: 2px;
-  border-color: #c47135;
-  bottom: -5px;
-  right: 0px;
-}
-.button:hover,
-.button.hover {
-  background-color: #c47135;
-}
-.button:hover:before,
-.button.hover:before,
-.button:hover:after,
-.button.hover:after {
-  height: 100%;
-  width: 100%;
-}
-
    -

    Demo

    -
    - -
    - -

    Explanation

    -

    This effect is uses before and after selectors to make the border full width on hover.

    -

    Browser support

    -
    -
    - 99+% -
    -
    -

    ✅ No caveats.

    - - - - -

    Calc()other

    The function calc() allows to define CSS values with the use of mathematical expressions, the value adopted for the property is the result of a mathematical expression.

    @@ -455,46 +254,43 @@
    - -

    If you want to align a background-image from right and bottom wasn't possible with just straight length values. So now it's possible using calc():

    + +

    If you want to align a background-image from right and bottom wasn't possible with just straight length values. + So now it's possible using calc():

    Background-image in the right/bottom
    + height: 280px; + display: flex; + align-items: center; + justify-content: center; + color: #fff; + background: #222 url('https://image.ibb.co/fUL9nS/wolf.png') no-repeat; + background-position: calc(100% - 20px) calc(100% - 40px); +} +

    Explanation

    1. It allows addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
    2. Can use different units (pixel and percent together, for example) for each value in your expression.
    3. It is permitted to nest calc() functions.
      4. -
    4. It can be used in any property that <length>, <frequency>, <angle>, <time>, <number>, <color>, or <integer> is allowed, like width, height, font-size, top, left, etc.
      5. +
    5. It can be used in any property that <length>, <frequency>, <angle>, <time>, <number>, <color>, or <integer> is allowed, like width, height, font-size, top, left, etc.

    Browser support

    - 94.9% + 93.0%

    ✅ No caveats.

    @@ -515,28 +311,25 @@
    - +

    Explanation

    border-radius: 50% curves the borders of an element to create a circle.

    -

    Since a circle has the same radius at any given point, the width and height must be the same. Differing values will create an ellipse.

    +

    Since a circle has the same radius at any given point, the width and height must be the same. Differing + values will create an ellipse.

    Browser support

    - 95.5% + 93.7%

    ✅ No caveats.

    @@ -568,21 +361,19 @@
    float c
    - +

    Explanation

    1. .clearfix::after defines a pseudo-element.
    2. content: '' allows the pseudo-element to affect layout.
      3. -
    3. clear: both indicates that the left, right or both sides of the element cannot be adjacent to earlier floated elements within the same block formatting context.
      4. +
    4. clear: both indicates that the left, right or both sides of the element cannot be adjacent + to earlier floated elements within the same block formatting context.

    Browser support

    @@ -596,7 +387,8 @@

    Constant width to height ratiolayout

    -

    Given an element of variable width, it will ensure its height remains proportionate in a responsive fashion (i.e., its width to height ratio remains constant).

    +

    Given an element of variable width, it will ensure its height remains proportionate in a responsive fashion + (i.e., its width to height ratio remains constant).

    HTML

    <div class="constant-width-to-height-ratio"></div>

    CSS

    .constant-width-to-height-ratio {
@@ -618,26 +410,22 @@
             
    
               
    
             
    
-            
+            
             
    Explanation
    
-            
    padding-top on the ::before pseudo-element causes the height of the element to equal a percentage of its width. 100% therefore means the element's height will always be 100% of the width,
-              creating a responsive square.
-            
    
+            
    padding-top on the ::before pseudo-element causes the height of the element to equal a percentage of
+              its width. 100% therefore means the element's height will always be 100% of the width, creating a responsive
+              square.
    
             
    This method also allows content to be placed inside the element normally.
    
             
    Browser support
    
             
    
@@ -688,47 +476,40 @@ li::before {
                 
               
             
    
-            
+            
             
    Explanation
    
             
    You can create a ordered list using any type of HTML.
    
             
      
               
    1. 
-                
      counter-reset Initializes a counter, the value is the name of the counter. By default, the counter starts in 0. This property can also be used to change its value to any specific number.
      
+                
      counter-reset Initializes a counter, the value is the name of the counter. By default, the counter starts at 0. This property can also be used to change its value to any specific number.
      
               
      2. 
               
    2. 
                 
      counter-increment Used in element that will be countable. Once counter-reset initialized, a counter's value can be increased or decreased.
      
               
      3. 
               
    3. 
-                
      counter(name, style) Displays the value of a section counter. Generally used in a content property. This function can receive two parameters, the first as the name of the counter and the second one can be decimal                  or upper-roman (decimal by default).
      
+                
      counter(name, style) Displays the value of a section counter. Generally used in a content property. This function can receive two parameters, the first as the name of the counter and the second one can be decimal or upper-roman (decimal by default).
      
               
      4. 
               
    4. 
-                
      counters(counter, string, style) Displays the value of a section counter. Generally used in a content property. This function can receive three parameters, the first as the name of the counter, the second one
-                  you can include a string which comes after the counter and the third one can be decimal or upper-roman (decimal by default).
      
+                
      counters(counter, string, style) Displays the value of a section counter. Generally used in a content property. This function can receive three parameters, the first as the name of the counter, the second one you can include a string which comes after the counter and the third one can be decimal or upper-roman (decimal by default).
      
               
      5. 
               
    5. 
-                
      A CSS counter can be especially useful for making outlined lists, because a new instance of the counter is automatically created in child elements. Using the counters() function, separating text can be inserted between different
-                  levels of nested counters.
      
+                
      A CSS counter can be especially useful for making outlined lists, because a new instance of the counter is automatically created in child elements. Using the counters() function, separating text can be inserted between different levels of nested counters.
      
               
      6. 
             
    
             
    Browser support
    
             
    
               
    
-                98.4%
+                95.9%
               
    
             
    
             
    ✅ No caveats.
    
             
 
             
@@ -738,9 +519,9 @@ li::before {
             
    Customizes the scrollbar style for the document and elements with scrollable overflow, on WebKit platforms.
    
             
    HTML
    <div class="custom-scrollbar">
   <p>
-    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.<br>
-    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br>
-    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br>
+    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.<br />
+    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br />
+    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br />
     Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
   </p>
 </div>
@@ -766,52 +547,43 @@ li::before {
             
    
               
    
                 
    
-                  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.
-                  
     Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae,
-                  
     molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi.
-                  
     Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
+                  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.
    
+                  Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, 
    
+                  molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. 
    
+                  Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
                 
    
               
    
             
    
-            
+            
             
    Explanation
    
             
      
               
    1. ::-webkit-scrollbar targets the whole scrollbar element.
      2. 
               
    2. ::-webkit-scrollbar-track targets only the scrollbar track.
      3. 
               
    3. ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb targets the scrollbar thumb.
      4. 
             
    
-            
    There are many other pseudo-elements that you can use to style scrollbars. For more info, visit the
-              WebKit Blog.
    
+            
    There are many other pseudo-elements that you can use to style scrollbars. For more info, visit the WebKit Blog.
    
             
    Browser support
    
             
    
               
    
-                88.0%
+                86.7%
               
    
             
    
             
    ⚠️ Scrollbar styling doesn't appear to be on any standards track.
    
             
 
             
@@ -834,30 +606,25 @@ li::before {
             
    
               
    Select some of this text.
    
             
    
-            
+            
             
    Explanation
    
             
    ::selection defines a pseudo selector on an element to style text within it when selected. Note that if you don't combine any other selector your style will be applied at document root level, to any selectable element.
    
             
    Browser support
    
             
    
               
    
-                84.9%
+                82.5%
               
    
             
    
             
    ⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support and is not actually
 in any specification.
    
             
 
             
@@ -885,21 +652,18 @@ in any specification.
    
             
    
               
    CSS is awesome!
    
             
    
-            
+            
             
    Explanation
    
             
    The variables are defined globally within the :root CSS pseudo-class which matches the root element of a tree representing the document. Variables can also be scoped to a selector if defined within the block.
    
             
    Declare a variable with --variable-name:.
    
@@ -907,14 +671,12 @@ in any specification.
    
             
    Browser support
    
             
    
               
    
-                88.0%
+                87.6%
               
    
             
    
             
    ✅ No caveats.
    
             
 
             
@@ -934,25 +696,21 @@ in any specification.
    
               
    You can select me.
    
               
    You can't select me!
    - +

    Explanation

    user-select: none specifies that the text cannot be selected.

    Browser support

    - 87.2% + 89.2%

    ⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support. ⚠️ This is not a secure method to prevent users from copying content.

    @@ -961,9 +719,7 @@ in any specification.

    Display table centeringlayout

    Vertically and horizontally centers a child element within its parent element using display: table (as an alternative to flexbox).

    HTML

    <div class="container">
-  <div class="center">
-    <span>Centered content</span>
-  </div>
+  <div class="center"><span>Centered content</span></div>
 </div>

    CSS

    .container {
@@ -985,28 +741,22 @@ in any specification.
    
             
    Demo
    
             
    
               
    
-                
    
-                  Centered content
-                
    
+                
    Centered content
    
               
    
             
    
-            
+            
             
    Explanation
    
             
      
               
    1. display: table on '.center' allows the element to behave like a <table> HTML element.
      2. 
@@ -1024,9 +774,7 @@ in any specification.
      
             
             
      ✅ No caveats.
      
             
 
             
@@ -1058,41 +806,33 @@ in any specification.
      
             
      
               
      
             
      
-            
+            
             
      Explanation
      
-            
      Use a semi-transparent border for the whole element, except one side that will serve as the loading indicator for the donut. Use animation to rotate the element.
      
+            
      Use a semi-transparent border for the whole element, except one side that will
+              serve as the loading indicator for the donut. Use animation to rotate the element.
      
             
      Browser support
      
             
      
               
      
-                95.3%
+                93.4%
               
      
             
      
             
      ⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support.
      
             
 
             
@@ -1125,26 +865,23 @@ in any specification.
      
             
      
               
      
             
      
-            
+            
             
      Explanation
      
             
        
               
      1. position: relative on the element establishes a Cartesian positioning context for psuedo-elements.
        2. 
@@ -1161,21 +898,20 @@ in any specification.
        
             
        Browser support
        
             
        
               
        
-                91.7%
+                90.2%
               
        
             
        
             
        ⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support.
        
             
 
             
           
           
        
             
        Easing variablesanimation
        
-            
        Variables that can be reused for transition-timing-function properties, more powerful than the built-in ease, ease-in, ease-out and ease-in-out.
        
+            
        Variables that can be reused for transition-timing-function properties, more
+              powerful than the built-in ease, ease-in, ease-out and ease-in-out.
        
             
        HTML
        <div class="easing-variables">Hover</div>
 
        
             
        CSS
        :root {
@@ -1218,57 +954,50 @@ in any specification.
        
             
        
               
        Hover
        
             
        
-            
+            
             
        Explanation
        
-            
        The variables are defined globally within the :root CSS pseudo-class which matches the root element of a tree representing the document. In HTML, :root represents the <html> element and is identical
-              to the selector html, except that its specificity is higher.
        
+            
        The variables are defined globally within the :root CSS pseudo-class which matches the root element of a tree representing the document. In HTML, :root represents the <html> element and is identical to the selector html, except that its specificity is higher.
        
             
        Browser support
        
             
        
               
        
-                88.0%
+                87.6%
               
        
             
        
             
        ✅ No caveats.
        
             
 
             
@@ -1289,29 +1018,27 @@ in any specification.
        
             
        
               
        I appear etched into the background.
        
             
        
-            
+            
             
        Explanation
        
-            
        text-shadow: 0 2px white creates a white shadow offset 0px horizontally and 2px vertically from the origin position.
        
+            
        text-shadow: 0 2px white creates a white shadow offset 0px horizontally and 2px vertically
+              from the origin position.
        
             
        The background must be darker than the shadow for the effect to work.
        
-            
        The text color should be slightly faded to make it look like it's engraved/carved out of the background.
        
+            
        The text color should be slightly faded to make it look like it's engraved/carved out
+              of the background.
        
             
        Browser support
        
             
        
               
        
-                98.1%
+                95.5%
               
        
             
        
             
        ✅ No caveats.
        
             
 
             
@@ -1338,12 +1065,10 @@ in any specification.
        
                 
        Item3
        
               
        
             
-            
+            
             
        Explanation
        
             
          
               
        1. display: flex enables flexbox.
          2. 
@@ -1353,24 +1078,77 @@ in any specification.
          
             
          Browser support
          
             
          
               
          
-                98.1%
+                95.5%
               
          
             
          
             
          ⚠️ Needs prefixes for full support.
          
             
 
             
           
+          
          
+            
          Fit image in containerlayoutvisual
          
+            
          Changes the fit and position of an image within its container while preserving its aspect ratio. Previously only possible using a background image and the background-size property.
          
+            
          HTML
          <img class="image image-contain" src="https://picsum.photos/600/200" />
+<img class="image image-cover" src="https://picsum.photos/600/200" />
+
          
+            
          CSS
          .image {
+  background: #34495e;
+  border: 1px solid #34495e;
+  width: 200px;
+  height: 200px;
+}
+.image-contain {
+  object-fit: contain;
+  object-position: center;
+}
+.image-cover {
+  object-fit: cover;
+  object-position: right top;
+}
+
          
+            
          Demo
          
+            
          
+              
          
+            
+            
          Explanation
          
+            
            
+              
          • object-fit: contain fits the entire image within the container while preserving its aspect ratio.
            • 
+              
          • object-fit: cover fills the container with the image while preserving its aspect ratio.
            • 
+              
          • object-position: [x] [y] positions the image within the container.
            • 
+            
          
+            
          Browser support
          
+            
          
+              
          
+                91.5%
+              
          
+            
          
+            
          ✅ No caveats.
          
+            
+
+            
+
+            
+          
          
           
          
             
          Flexbox centeringlayout
          
             
          Horizontally and vertically centers a child element within a parent element using flexbox.
          
-            
          HTML
          <div class="flexbox-centering">
-  <div class="child">Centered content.</div>
-</div>
+            
          HTML
          <div class="flexbox-centering"><div class="child">Centered content.</div></div>
 
          
             
          CSS
          .flexbox-centering {
   display: flex;
@@ -1385,14 +1163,12 @@ in any specification.
          
                 
          Centered content.
          
               
          
             
-            
+            
             
          Explanation
          
             
            
               
          1. display: flex enables flexbox.
            2. 
@@ -1402,14 +1178,12 @@ in any specification.
            
             
            Browser support
            
             
            
               
            
-                98.1%
+                95.5%
               
            
             
            
             
            ⚠️ Needs prefixes for full support.
            
             
 
             
@@ -1429,30 +1203,27 @@ in any specification.
            
             
            
               
            Gradient text
            
             
            
-            
+            
             
            Explanation
            
             
              
               
            1. background: -webkit-linear-gradient(...) gives the text element a gradient background.
              2. 
               
            2. webkit-text-fill-color: transparent fills the text with a transparent color.
              3. 
-              
            3. webkit-background-clip: text clips the background with the text, filling the text with the gradient background as the color.
              4. 
+              
            4. webkit-background-clip: text clips the background with the text, filling the text with
+                the gradient background as the color.
              5. 
             
            
             
            Browser support
            
             
            
               
            
-                91.5%
+                90.1%
               
            
             
            
             
            ⚠️ Uses non-standard properties.
            
             
 
             
@@ -1460,9 +1231,7 @@ in any specification.
            
           
            
             
            Grid centeringlayout
            
             
            Horizontally and vertically centers a child element within a parent element using grid.
            
-            
            HTML
            <div class="grid-centering">
-  <div class="child">Centered content.</div>
-</div>
+            
            HTML
            <div class="grid-centering"><div class="child">Centered content.</div></div>
 
            
             
            CSS
            .grid-centering {
   display: grid;
@@ -1477,14 +1246,12 @@ in any specification.
            
                 
            Centered content.
            
               
            
             
-            
+            
             
            Explanation
            
             
              
               
            1. display: grid enables grid.
              2. 
@@ -1494,21 +1261,20 @@ in any specification.
              
             
              Browser support
              
             
              
               
              
-                87.6%
+                88.3%
               
              
             
              
             
              ✅ No caveats.
              
             
 
             
           
           
              
             
              Hairline bordervisual
              
-            
              Gives an element a border equal to 1 native device pixel in width, which can look very sharp and crisp.
              
+            
              Gives an element a border equal to 1 native device pixel in width, which can look
+              very sharp and crisp.
              
             
              HTML
              <div class="hairline-border">text</div>
 
              
             
              CSS
              .hairline-border {
@@ -1534,45 +1300,34 @@ in any specification.
              
             
              
               
              text
              
             
              
-            
+            
             
              Explanation
              
             
                
               
              1. box-shadow, when only using spread, adds a pseudo-border which can use subpixels*.
                2. 
-              
              2. Use @media (min-resolution: ...) to check the device pixel ratio (1dppx equals 96 DPI), setting the spread of the box-shadow equal to 1 / dppx.
                3. 
+              
              3. Use @media (min-resolution: ...) to check the device pixel ratio (1dppx equals 96 DPI),
+                setting the spread of the box-shadow equal to 1 / dppx.
                4. 
             
              
             
              Browser Support
              
             
              
               
              
-                95.5%
+                93.7%
               
              
             
              
             
              ⚠️ Needs alternate syntax and JavaScript user agent checking for full support.
              
             
             
              
             
              *Chrome does not support subpixel values on border. Safari does not support subpixel values on box-shadow. Firefox supports subpixel values on both.
              
@@ -1607,40 +1362,37 @@ el.style.setProperty('--max-height', height + 'px')
                 
              content
              
               
              
             
-            
-            
+            
+            
             
              Explanation
              
             
              CSS
              
             
                
               
              1. transition: max-height: 0.5s cubic-bezier(...) specifies that changes to max-height should be transitioned over 0.5 seconds, using an ease-out-quint timing function.
                2. 
               
              2. overflow: hidden prevents the contents of the hidden element from overflowing its container.
                3. 
               
              3. max-height: 0 specifies that the element has no height initially.
                4. 
-              
              4. .target:hover > .el specifies that when the parent is hovered over, target a child .el within it and use the --max-height variable which was defined by JavaScript.
                5. 
+              
              5. .target:hover > .el specifies that when the parent is hovered over, target a child .el within
+                it and use the --max-height variable which was defined by JavaScript.
                6. 
             
              
             
              JavaScript
              
             
                
-              
              1. el.scrollHeight is the height of the element including overflow, which will change dynamically based on the content of the element.
                2. 
+              
              2. el.scrollHeight is the height of the element including overflow, which will change dynamically
+                based on the content of the element.
                3. 
               
              3. el.style.setProperty(...) sets the --max-height CSS variable which is used to specify the max-height of the element the target is hovered over, allowing it to transition smoothly from 0 to auto.
                4. 
             
              
             
              Browser Support
              
             
              
               
              
-                88.0%
+                87.6%
               
              
             
              
             
              
@@ -1651,12 +1403,71 @@ el.style.setProperty('--max-height', height + 'px')
 
             
              
             
+
+            
+          
+          
              
+            
              Hover Shadow Box Animationanimation
              
+            
              Creates a shadow box around the text whern it is hovered.
              
+            
              HTML
              <p class="hover-shadow-box-animation">Box it!</p>
+
              
+            
              CSS
              .hover-shadow-box-animation {
+  display: inline-block;
+  vertical-align: middle;
+  transform: perspective(1px) translateZ(0);
+  box-shadow: 0 0 1px transparent;
+  margin: 10px;
+  transition-duration: 0.3s;
+  transition-property: box-shadow, transform;
+}
+.hover-shadow-box-animation:hover,
+.hover-shadow-box-animation:focus,
+.hover-shadow-box-animation:active {
+  box-shadow: 1px 10px 10px -10px rgba(0, 0, 24, 0.5);
+  transform: scale(1.2);
+}
+
              
+            
              Demo
              
+            
              
+              
              Box it!
              
+            
              
+            
+            
              Explanation
              
+            
                
+              
              1. display: inline-block to set width and length for p element thus making it an inline-block.
                2. 
+              
              2. Set transform: perspective(1px) to give element a 3D space by affecting the distance between the Z plane and the user and translate(0) to reposition the p element along z-axis in 3D space.
                3. 
+              
              3. box-shadow: to set up the box.
                4. 
+              
              4. transparent to make box transparent.
                5. 
+              
              5. transition-property to enable transitions for both box-shadow and transform.
                6. 
+              
              6. :hover to activate whole css when hovering is done until active.
                7. 
+              
              7. transform: scale(1.2) to change the scale, magnifying the text.
                8. 
+            
              
+            
              Browser Support
              
+            
              
+              
              
+                93.3%
+              
              
+            
              
+            
              ✅ No caveats.
              
+            
 
             
@@ -1664,11 +1475,7 @@ el.style.setProperty('--max-height', height + 'px')
           
              
             
              Hover underline animationanimation
              
             
              Creates an animated underline effect when the text is hovered over.
              
-            
              
-              Credit:
-                https://flatuicolors.com/
-              
-            
              
+            
              Credit: https://flatuicolors.com/
              
             
              HTML
              <p class="hover-underline-animation">Hover this text to see the effect!</p>
 
              
             
              CSS
              .hover-underline-animation {
@@ -1697,191 +1504,57 @@ el.style.setProperty('--max-height', height + 'px')
             
              
               
              Hover this text to see the effect!
              
             
              
-            
+            
             
              Explanation
              
             
                
-              
              1. display: inline-block makes the block p an inline-block to prevent the underline from spanning the entire parent width rather than just the content (text).
                2. 
+              
              2. display: inline-block makes the block p an inline-block to prevent the underline from
+                spanning the entire parent width rather than just the content (text).
                3. 
               
              3. position: relative on the element establishes a Cartesian positioning context for pseudo-elements.
                4. 
               
              4. ::after defines a pseudo-element.
                5. 
               
              5. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
                6. 
               
              6. width: 100% ensures the pseudo-element spans the entire width of the text block.
                7. 
               
              7. transform: scaleX(0) initially scales the pseudo element to 0 so it has no width and is not visible.
                8. 
               
              8. bottom: 0 and left: 0 position it to the bottom left of the block.
                9. 
-              
              9. transition: transform 0.25s ease-out means changes to transform will be transitioned over 0.25 seconds with an ease-out timing function.
                10. 
+              
              10. transition: transform 0.25s ease-out means changes to transform will be transitioned over 0.25 seconds
+                with an ease-out timing function.
                11. 
               
              11. transform-origin: bottom right means the transform anchor point is positioned at the bottom right of the block.
                12. 
-              
              12. :hover::after then uses scaleX(1) to transition the width to 100%, then changes the transform-origin to bottom left so that the anchor point is reversed, allowing it transition out in the
-                other direction when hovered off.
                13. 
+              
              13. :hover::after then uses scaleX(1) to transition the width to 100%, then changes the transform-origin
+                to bottom left so that the anchor point is reversed, allowing it transition out in the other direction when
+                hovered off.
                14. 
             
              
             
              Browser support
              
             
              
               
              
-                95.4%
+                93.5%
               
              
             
              
             
              ✅ No caveats.
              
             
 
             
           
              
           
              
-            New
-            
              Icon Border Animationvisualinteractivity
              
-            
              Creates a border animation on hover.
              
-            
              HTML
              <a href="#" class="button ion-ios-star-outline"></a>
-
              
-            
              CSS
              @import url(https://code.ionicframework.com/ionicons/2.0.1/css/ionicons.min.css);
-.button {
-  position: relative;
-  overflow: hidden;
-  font-size: 40px;
-  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
-  margin: 40px;
-  padding: 3px;
-  display: inline-block;
-  text-align: center;
-  text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
-  text-decoration: none;
-  -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
-  box-sizing: border-box;
-}
-.button::before {
-  background-color: #2b2b2b;
-  width: 75px;
-  height: 75px;
-  line-height: 75px;
-}
-.button:after {
-  position: absolute;
-  top: 0;
-  bottom: 0;
-  left: 0;
-  right: 0;
-  background-color: #f39c12;
-  content: '';
-  z-index: -1;
-  display: inline-block;
-  -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg) scale(1.5) translate(0%, -100%);
-  transform: rotate(-45deg) scale(1.5) translate(0%, -100%);
-}
-.button:before,
-.button:after {
-  -webkit-transition: all 0.4s ease-in-out;
-  transition: all 0.4s ease-in-out;
-}
-.button:hover,
-.button:active,
-.button.hover {
-  color: #ffffff;
-}
-.button:hover:after,
-.button:active:after,
-.button.hover:after {
-  -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg) scale(1.5) translate(0%, 0%);
-  transform: rotate(-45deg) scale(1.5) translate(0%, 0%);
-}
-
              
-            
              Demo
              
-            
              
-              
-            
              
-            
-            
              Explanation
              
-            
              This effect is uses before and after selectors to make the border full width on hover.
              
-            
              Browser support
              
-            
              
-              
              
-                99+%
-              
              
-            
              
-            
              ✅ No caveats.
              
-
-            
-
-            
-          
              
-          
              
-            New
             
              Last item with remaining available heightlayout
              
             
              Take advantage of available viewport space by giving the last element the remaining available space in current viewport, even when resizing the window.
              
             
              HTML
              <div class="container">
@@ -1913,22 +1586,18 @@ body {
                 
              Div 3
              
               
              
             
              
-            
+            
             
              Explanation
              
             
                
               
              1. height: 100% set the height of container as viewport height.
                2. 
@@ -1940,14 +1609,12 @@ body {
             
                Browser support
                
             
                
               
                
-                98.1%
+                95.5%
               
                
             
                
             
                ⚠️ Needs prefixes for full support.
                
             
 
             
@@ -1957,14 +1624,8 @@ body {
           
                
             
                Mouse cursor gradient trackingvisualinteractivity
                
             
                A hover effect where the gradient follows the mouse cursor.
                
-            
                
-              Credit:
-                Tobias Reich
-              
-            
                
-            
                HTML
                <button class="mouse-cursor-gradient-tracking">
-  <span>Hover me</span>
-</button>
+            
                Credit: Tobias Reich
                
+            
                HTML
                <button class="mouse-cursor-gradient-tracking"><span>Hover me</span></button>
 
                
             
                CSS
                .mouse-cursor-gradient-tracking {
   position: relative;
@@ -2005,59 +1666,48 @@ btn.onmousemove = function(e) {
 }
 
                
             
                Demo
                
-            
                
-              
-            
                
-            
-            
+            
                
+            
+            
             
                Explanation
                
             
                TODO
                
             
                Browser support
                
             
                
               
                
-                88.0%
+                87.6%
               
                
             
                
             
                
@@ -2065,9 +1715,7 @@ btn.onmousemove = function(e) {
             ⚠️ Requires JavaScript.
             
                
             
 
             
@@ -2106,48 +1754,38 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
                 
              2. Four
                3. 
               
             
                
-            
+            
             
                Explanation
                
-            
                li:not(:last-child) specifies that the styles should apply to all li elements except the :last-child.
                
+            
                li:not(:last-child) specifies that the styles should apply to all li elements except
+              the :last-child.
                
             
                Browser support
                
             
                
               
                
-                98.4%
+                95.9%
               
                
             
                
             
                ✅ No caveats.
                
             
 
             
           
           
                
             
                Offscreenlayoutvisual
                
-            
                A bulletproof way to completely hide an element visually and positionally in the DOM while still allowing it to be accessed by JavaScript and readable by screen readers. This method is very useful for accessibility (
-              ADA) development when more context is needed for visually-impaired users. As an alternative to display: none which is not readable by screen readers or visibility: hidden which takes up physical space in the
-              DOM.
                
+            
                A bulletproof way to completely hide an element visually and positionally in the DOM while still allowing it to be accessed by JavaScript and readable by screen readers. This method is very useful for accessibility (ADA) development when more context is needed for visually-impaired users. As an alternative to display: none which is not readable by screen readers or visibility: hidden which takes up physical space in the DOM.
                
             
                HTML
                <a class="button" href="http://pantswebsite.com">
-  Learn More
-  <span class="offscreen"> about pants</span>
+  Learn More <span class="offscreen"> about pants</span>
 </a>
 
                
             
                CSS
                .offscreen {
@@ -2162,24 +1800,19 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
 }
 
                
             
                Demo
                
-            
                
-              
-                Learn More
-                 about pants
-              
-            
                
-            
+            
                
+                Learn More  about pants
+              
                
+            
             
                Explanation
                
             
                  
               
                1. Remove all borders.
                  2. 
@@ -2199,9 +1832,7 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                  ✅ No caveats.
                  
             
                  (Although clip technically has been depreciated, the newer clip-path currently has very limited browser support.)
                  
             
 
             
@@ -2211,13 +1842,13 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                  Adds a fading gradient to an overflowing element to better indicate there is more content to be scrolled.
                  
             
                  HTML
                  <div class="overflow-scroll-gradient">
   <div class="overflow-scroll-gradient__scroller">
-    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. <br>
-    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br>
-    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br>
-    Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? <br>
-    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.<br>
-    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br>
-    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br>
+    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. <br />
+    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br />
+    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br />
+    Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? <br />
+    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.<br />
+    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br />
+    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br />
     Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
   </div>
 </div>
@@ -2250,47 +1881,45 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                  
               
                  
                 
                  
-                  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.
-                  
                   Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae,
-                  
                   molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi.
-                  
                   Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
-                  
                   Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.
-                  
                   Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae,
-                  
                   molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi.
-                  
                   Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
+                  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. 
                  
+                  Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, 
                  
+                  molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. 
                  
+                  Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? 
                  
+                  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.
                  
+                  Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, 
                  
+                  molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. 
                  
+                  Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
                 
                  
               
                  
             
                  
-            
+            
             
                  Explanation
                  
             
                    
               
                  1. position: relative on the parent establishes a Cartesian positioning context for pseudo-elements.
                    2. 
               
                  2. ::after defines a pseudo element.
                    3. 
-              
                  3. background-image: linear-gradient(...) adds a linear gradient that fades from transparent to white (top to bottom).
                    4. 
+              
                  4. background-image: linear-gradient(...) adds a linear gradient that fades from transparent to white
+                (top to bottom).
                    5. 
               
                  5. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
                    6. 
-              
                  6. width: 240px matches the size of the scrolling element (which is a child of the parent that has the pseudo element).
                    7. 
+              
                  7. width: 240px matches the size of the scrolling element (which is a child of the parent that has
+                the pseudo element).
                    8. 
               
                  8. height: 25px is the height of the fading gradient pseudo-element, which should be kept relatively small.
                    9. 
               
                  9. bottom: 0 positions the pseudo-element at the bottom of the parent.
                    10. 
               
                  10. pointer-events: none specifies that the pseudo-element cannot be a target of mouse events, allowing text behind it to still be selectable/interactive.
                    11. 
@@ -2298,14 +1927,12 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                    Browser support
                    
             
                    
               
                    
-                95.4%
+                93.5%
               
                    
             
                    
             
                    ✅ No caveats.
                    
             
 
             
@@ -2313,11 +1940,7 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
           
                    
             
                    Popout menuinteractivity
                    
             
                    Reveals an interactive popout menu on hover and focus.
                    
-            
                    HTML
                    <div class="reference" tabindex="0">
-  <div class="popout-menu">
-    Popout menu
-  </div>
-</div>
+            
                    HTML
                    <div class="reference" tabindex="0"><div class="popout-menu">Popout menu</div></div>
 
                    
             
                    CSS
                    .reference {
   position: relative;
@@ -2342,40 +1965,33 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                    Demo
                    
             
                    
               
                    
-                
                    
-                  Popout menu
-                
                    
+                
                    Popout menu
                    
               
                    
             
                    
-            
+            
             
                    Explanation
                    
             
                      
               
                    1. position: relative on the reference parent establishes a Cartesian positioning context for its child.
                      2. 
               
                    2. position: absolute takes the popout menu out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
                      3. 
               
                    3. left: 100% moves the the popout menu 100% of its parent's width from the left.
                      4. 
               
                    4. visibility: hidden hides the popout menu initially and allows for transitions (unlike display: none).
                      5. 
-              
                    5. .reference:hover > .popout-menu means that when .reference is hovered over, select immediate children with a class of .popout-menu and change their visibility to visible,
-                which shows the popout.
                      6. 
+              
                    6. .reference:hover > .popout-menu means that when .reference is hovered over, select immediate children with a class of .popout-menu and change their visibility to visible, which shows the popout.
                      7. 
               
                    7. .reference:focus > .popout-menu means that when .reference is focused, the popout would be shown.
                      8. 
               
                    8. .reference:focus-within > .popout-menu ensures that the popout is shown when the focus is within the reference.
                      9. 
             
                    
@@ -2391,8 +2007,8 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
           
                    
           
                    
             
                    Pretty text underlinevisual
                    
-            
                    A nicer alternative to text-decoration: underline or <u></u> where descenders do not clip the underline. Natively implemented as text-decoration-skip-ink: auto but it has less control over
-              the underline.
                    
+            
                    A nicer alternative to text-decoration: underline or <u></u> where descenders do not clip the underline.
+              Natively implemented as text-decoration-skip-ink: auto but it has less control over the underline.
                    
             
                    HTML
                    <p class="pretty-text-underline">Pretty text underline without clipping descending letters.</p>
 
                    
             
                    CSS
                    .pretty-text-underline {
@@ -2416,47 +2032,44 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                    
               
                    Pretty text underline without clipping descending letters.
                    
             
                    
-            
+            
             
                    Explanation
                    
             
                      
-              
                    1. text-shadow uses 4 values with offsets that cover a 4x4 px area to ensure the underline has a "thick" shadow that covers the line where descenders clip it. Use a color that matches the background. For a larger font, use a larger
-                px size. Additional values can create an even thicker shadow, and subpixel values can also be used.
                      2. 
-              
                    2. background-image: linear-gradient(...) creates a 90deg gradient using the text color (currentColor).
                      3. 
-              
                    3. The background-* properties size the gradient as 100% of the width of the block and 1px in height at the bottom and disables repetition, which creates a 1px underline beneath the text.
                      4. 
-              
                    4. The ::selection pseudo selector rule ensures the text shadow does not interfere with text selection.
-              
                      5. 
+              
                    5. text-shadow uses 4 values with offsets that cover a 4x4 px area to ensure the underline
+                has a "thick" shadow that covers the line where descenders clip it. Use a color
+                that matches the background. For a larger font, use a larger px size. Additional values
+                can create an even thicker shadow, and subpixel values can also be used.
                      6. 
+              
                    6. background-image: linear-gradient(...) creates a 90deg gradient using the
+                text color (currentColor).
                      7. 
+              
                    7. The background-* properties size the gradient as 100% of the width of the block and 1px
+                in height at the bottom and disables repetition, which creates a 1px underline beneath
+                the text.
                      8. 
+              
                    8. The ::selection pseudo selector rule ensures the text shadow does not interfere with text
+                selection.
                      9. 
             
                    
             
                    Browser support
                    
             
                    
               
                    
-                95.4%
+                93.5%
               
                    
             
                    
             
                    ✅ No caveats.
                    
             
 
             
@@ -2466,7 +2079,11 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                    Resets all styles to default values with one property. This will not affect direction and unicode-bidi properties.
                    
             
                    HTML
                    <div class="reset-all-styles">
   <h5>Title</h5>
-  <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?</p>
+  <p>
+    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Iure id exercitationem nulla qui
+    repellat laborum vitae, molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. Quisquam enim qui
+    iure, consequatur velit sit?
+  </p>
 </div>
 
                    
             
                    CSS
                    .reset-all-styles {
@@ -2477,27 +2094,27 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                    
               
                    
                 
                    Title
                    
-                
                    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
                    
+                
                    
+                  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Iure id exercitationem nulla qui
+                  repellat laborum vitae, molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. Quisquam enim qui
+                  iure, consequatur velit sit?
+                
                    
               
                    
             
                    
-            
+            
             
                    Explanation
                    
             
                    The all property allows you to reset all styles (inherited or not) to default values.
                    
             
                    Browser support
                    
             
                    
               
                    
-                88.3%
+                87.2%
               
                    
             
                    
             
                    ⚠️ MS Edge status is under consideration.
                    
             
 
             
@@ -2525,28 +2142,23 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                    
               
                    
             
                    
-            
+            
             
                    Explanation
                    
             
                      
               
                    1. position: relative on the element establishes a Cartesian positioning context for pseudo elements.
                      2. 
               
                    2. ::after defines a pseudo element.
                      3. 
-              
                    3. background-image: url(...) adds the SVG shape (a 24x12 triangle) as the background image of the pseudo element, which repeats by default. It must be the same color as the block that is being separated. For other shapes, we can
-                use
-                the URL-encoder for SVG.
                      4. 
+              
                    4. background-image: url(...) adds the SVG shape (a 24x12 triangle) as the background image of the pseudo element, which repeats by default. It must be the same color as the block that is being separated. For other shapes, we can use the URL-encoder for SVG.
                      5. 
               
                    5. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
                      6. 
               
                    6. width: 100% ensures the element stretches the entire width of its parent.
                      7. 
               
                    7. height: 12px is the same height as the shape.
                      8. 
@@ -2555,14 +2167,12 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                      Browser support
                      
             
                      
               
                      
-                98.3%
+                95.7%
               
                      
             
                      
             
                      ✅ No caveats.
                      
             
 
             
@@ -2571,12 +2181,8 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                      Sibling fadeinteractivity
                      
             
                      Fades out the siblings of a hovered item.
                      
             
                      HTML
                      <div class="sibling-fade">
-  <span>Item 1</span>
-  <span>Item 2</span>
-  <span>Item 3</span>
-  <span>Item 4</span>
-  <span>Item 5</span>
-  <span>Item 6</span>
+  <span>Item 1</span> <span>Item 2</span> <span>Item 3</span> <span>Item 4</span>
+  <span>Item 5</span> <span>Item 6</span>
 </div>
 
                      
             
                      CSS
                      span {
@@ -2590,42 +2196,32 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                      Demo
                      
             
                      
               
                      
-                Item 1
-                Item 2
-                Item 3
-                Item 4
-                Item 5
-                Item 6
+                Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4
+                Item 5 Item 6
               
                      
             
                      
-            
+            
             
                      Explanation
                      
             
                        
               
                      1. transition: opacity 0.2s specifies that changes to opacity will be transitioned over 0.2 seconds.
                        2. 
-              
                      2. .sibling-fade:hover span:not(:hover) specifies that when the parent is hovered, select any span children that are not currently being hovered and change their opacity to 0.5.
                        3. 
+              
                      3. .sibling-fade:hover span:not(:hover) specifies that when the parent is hovered, select any span children
+                that are not currently being hovered and change their opacity to 0.5.
                        4. 
             
                      
             
                      Browser support
                      
             
                      
               
                      
-                95.4%
+                93.5%
               
                      
             
                      
             
                      ✅ No caveats.
                      
             
 
             
@@ -2644,13 +2240,12 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                      
               
                      This text uses the system font.
                      
             
                      
-            
+            
             
                      Explanation
                      
-            
                      The browser looks for each successive font, preferring the first one if possible, and falls back to the next if it cannot find the font (on the system or defined in CSS).
                      
+            
                      The browser looks for each successive font, preferring the first one if possible, and
+              falls back to the next if it cannot find the font (on the system or defined in CSS).
                      
             
                        
               
                      1. -apple-system is San Francisco, used on iOS and macOS (not Chrome however)
                        2. 
               
                      2. BlinkMacSystemFont is San Francisco, used on macOS Chrome
                        3. 
@@ -2673,11 +2268,9 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
           
                    
           
                    
-            New
             
                    Toggle switchvisualinteractivity
                    
             
                    Creates a toggle switch with CSS only.
                    
-            
                    HTML
                    <input type="checkbox" id="toggle" class="offscreen" />
-<label for="toggle" class="switch"></label>
+            
                    HTML
                    <input type="checkbox" id="toggle" class="offscreen" /> <label for="toggle" class="switch"></label>
 
                    
             
                    CSS
                    .switch {
   position: relative;
@@ -2711,10 +2304,7 @@ input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch {
 }
 
                    
             
                    Demo
                    
-            
                    
-              
-              
-            
                    
+            
                     
                    
             
             
                    Explanation
                    
-            
                    This effect is styling only the <label> element to look like a toggle switch, and hiding the actual <input> checkbox by positioning it offscreen. When clicking the label associated with the <input>              element, it sets the <input> checkbox into the :checked state.
                    
+            
                    This effect is styling only the <label> element to look like a toggle switch, and hiding the actual <input> checkbox by positioning it offscreen. When clicking the label associated with the <input> element, it sets the <input> checkbox into the :checked state.
                    
             
                      
               
                    1. The for attribute associates the <label> with the appropriate <input> checkbox element by its id.
                      2. 
               
                    2. .switch::after defines a pseudo-element for the <label> to create the circular knob.
                      3. 
               
                    3. input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch::after targets the <label>'s pseudo-element's style when the checkbox is checked.
                      4. 
               
                    4. transform: translateX(20px) moves the pseudo-element (knob) 20px to the right when the checkbox is checked.
                      5. 
               
                    5. background-color: #7983ff; sets the background-color of the switch to a different color when the checkbox is checked.
                      6. 
-              
                    6. .offscreen moves the <input> checkbox element, which does not comprise any part of the actual toggle switch, out of the flow of document and positions it far away from the view, but does not hide it so it
-                is accessible via keyboard and screen readers.
                      7. 
-              
                    7. transition: all 0.3s specifies all property changes will be transitioned over 0.3 seconds, therefore transitioning the <label>'s background-color and the pseudo-element's transform                property when the checkbox is checked.
                      8. 
+              
                    8. .offscreen moves the <input> checkbox element, which does not comprise any part of the actual toggle switch, out of the flow of document and positions it far away from the view, but does not hide it so it is accessible via keyboard and screen readers.
                      9. 
+              
                    9. transition: all 0.3s specifies all property changes will be transitioned over 0.3 seconds, therefore transitioning the <label>'s background-color and the pseudo-element's transform property when the checkbox is checked.
                      10. 
             
                    
             
                    Browser support
                    
             
                    
               
                    
-                95.5%
+                93.7%
               
                    
             
                    
             
                    ⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support.
                    
             
 
             
@@ -2778,11 +2365,8 @@ input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch {
           
                    
           
                    
             
                    Transform centeringlayout
                    
-            
                    Vertically and horizontally centers a child element within its parent element using position: absolute and transform: translate() (as an alternative to flexbox or display: table). Similar
-              to flexbox, this method does not require you to know the height or width of your parent or child so it is ideal for responsive applications.
                    
-            
                    HTML
                    <div class="parent">
-  <div class="child">Centered content</div>
-</div>
+            
                    Vertically and horizontally centers a child element within its parent element using position: absolute and transform: translate() (as an alternative to flexbox or display: table). Similar to flexbox, this method does not require you to know the height or width of your parent or child so it is ideal for responsive applications.
                    
+            
                    HTML
                    <div class="parent"><div class="child">Centered content</div></div>
 
                    
             
                    CSS
                    .parent {
   border: 1px solid #333;
@@ -2834,9 +2418,7 @@ input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch {
             
                    
             
                    ⚠️ Requires prefix for full support.
                    
             
 
             
@@ -2868,10 +2450,10 @@ input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch {
               }
             
             
                    Explanation
                    
-            
                    
-              View this link for a detailed explanation.
-            
                    
-            
                    The color of the border is the color of the triangle. The side the triangle tip points corresponds to the opposite border-* property. For example, a color on border-top means the arrow points downward.
                    
+            
                    View this link for a detailed explanation.
                    
+            
                    The color of the border is the color of the triangle. The side the triangle tip points
+              corresponds to the opposite border-* property. For example, a color on border-top
+              means the arrow points downward.
                    
             
                    Experiment with the px values to change the proportion of the triangle.
                    
             
                    Browser support
                    
             
                    
@@ -2909,26 +2491,74 @@ input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch {
             
             
                    Explanation
                    
             
                      
-              
                    1. overflow: hidden prevents the text from overflowing its dimensions (for a block, 100% width and auto height).
                      2. 
+              
                    2. overflow: hidden prevents the text from overflowing its dimensions
+                (for a block, 100% width and auto height).
                      3. 
               
                    3. white-space: nowrap prevents the text from exceeding one line in height.
                      4. 
-              
                    4. text-overflow: ellipsis makes it so that if the text exceeds its dimensions, it will end with an ellipsis.
                      5. 
+              
                    5. text-overflow: ellipsis makes it so that if the text exceeds its dimensions, it
+                will end with an ellipsis.
                      6. 
               
                    6. width: 200px; ensures the element has a dimension, to know when to get ellipsis
                      7. 
             
                    
             
                    Browser support
                    
             
                    
               
                    
-                98.4%
+                95.8%
               
                    
             
                    
             
                    ⚠️ Only works for single line elements.
                    
             
 
             
           
                    
+          
                    
+            
                    Zebra striped listvisual
                    
+            
                    Creates a striped list with alternating background colors, which is useful for differentiating siblings that have content spread across a wide row.
                    
+            
                    HTML
                    <ul>
+  <li>Item 01</li>
+  <li>Item 02</li>
+  <li>Item 03</li>
+  <li>Item 04</li>
+  <li>Item 05</li>
+</ul>
+
                    
+            
                    CSS
                    li:nth-child(odd) {
+  background-color: #eee;
+}
+
                    
+            
                    Demo
                    
+            
                    
+              
                      
+                
                    • Item 01
                      • 
+                
                    • Item 02
                      • 
+                
                    • Item 03
                      • 
+                
                    • Item 04
                      • 
+                
                    • Item 05
                      • 
+              
                    
+            
                    
+            
+            
                    Explanation
                    
+            
                      
+              
                    1. Use the :nth-child(odd) or :nth-child(even) pseudo-class to apply a different background color to elements that match based on their position in a group of siblings.
                      2. 
+            
                    
+            
                    Note that you can use it to apply different styles to other HTML elements like div, tr, p, ol, etc.
                    
+            
                    Browser support
                    
+            
                    
+              
                    
+                95.9%
+              
                    
+            
                    
+            
                    ✅ No caveats.
                    
+            
                    https://caniuse.com/#feat=css-sel3
                    
+
+            
+
+            
+          
                    
         
                
       
     

From 2bd18cb876116719199b091d69d7076f0678021e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Angelos Chalaris 
Date: Sat, 12 Jan 2019 14:07:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 6/6] Revert changes

---
 docs/index.html |  178 +++--
 index.html      | 1708 +++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------
 2 files changed, 984 insertions(+), 902 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/index.html b/docs/index.html
index 58503b212..0e4339079 100644
--- a/docs/index.html
+++ b/docs/index.html
@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
-    30 Seconds of CSS                   
                 
                 
                    
                  
                30 Seconds of CSS
                 
                 A curated collection of useful CSS snippets you can understand in 30 seconds or less. 
                 
                 Star 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                  
                 
                Bouncing loaderanimation
                 
                Creates a bouncing loader animation.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="bouncing-loader">
+    30 Seconds of CSS         
                 
                 
                    
                  
                30 Seconds of CSS
                 
                 A curated collection of useful CSS snippets you can understand in 30 seconds or less. 
                 
                 Star 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                  
                 
                Bouncing loaderanimation
                 
                Creates a bouncing loader animation.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="bouncing-loader">
   <div></div>
   <div></div>
   <div></div>
 </div>
 
                 
                CSS
                @keyframes bouncing-loader {
+  from {
+    opacity: 1;
+    transform: translateY(0);
+  }
   to {
     opacity: 0.1;
-    transform: translate3d(0, -1rem, 0);
+    transform: translateY(-1rem);
   }
 }
 .bouncing-loader {
@@ -27,7 +31,7 @@
 .bouncing-loader > div:nth-child(3) {
   animation-delay: 0.4s;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                Note: 1rem is usually 16px.
                 
                   
                1.  
                  @keyframes defines an animation that has two states, where the element changes opacity and is translated up on the 2D plane using transform: translate3d(). Using a single axis translation on transform: translate3d() improves the performance of the animation.
                   
                  2.  
                2.  
                  .bouncing-loader is the parent container of the bouncing circles and uses display: flex and justify-content: center to position them in the center.
                   
                  3.  
                3.  
                  .bouncing-loader > div, targets the three child divs of the parent to be styled. The divs are given a width and height of 1rem, using border-radius: 50% to turn them from squares to circles.
                   
                  4.  
                4.  
                  margin: 3rem 0.2rem specifies that each circle has a top/bottom margin of 3rem and left/right margin of 0.2rem so that they do not directly touch each other, giving them some breathing room.
                   
                  5.  
                5.  
                  animation is a shorthand property for the various animation properties: animation-name, animation-duration, animation-iteration-count, animation-direction are used.
                   
                  6.  
                6.  
                  nth-child(n) targets the element which is the nth child of its parent.
                   
                  7.  
                7.  
                  animation-delay is used on the second and third div respectively, so that each element does not start the animation at the same time.
                   
                  8.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 93.4% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Box-sizing resetlayout
                 
                Resets the box-model so that widths and heights are not affected by their borders or padding.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="box">border-box</div>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                Note: 1rem is usually 16px.
                 
                   
                1.  
                  @keyframes defines an animation that has two states, where the element changes opacity and is translated up on the 2D plane using transform: translateY().
                   
                  2.  
                2.  
                  .bouncing-loader is the parent container of the bouncing circles and uses display: flex and justify-content: center to position them in the center.
                   
                  3.  
                3.  
                  .bouncing-loader > div, targets the three child divs of the parent to be styled. The divs are given a width and height of 1rem, using border-radius: 50% to turn them from squares to circles.
                   
                  4.  
                4.  
                  margin: 3rem 0.2rem specifies that each circle has a top/bottom margin of 3rem and left/right margin of 0.2rem so that they do not directly touch each other, giving them some breathing room.
                   
                  5.  
                5.  
                  animation is a shorthand property for the various animation properties: animation-name, animation-duration, animation-iteration-count, animation-direction are used.
                   
                  6.  
                6.  
                  nth-child(n) targets the element which is the nth child of its parent.
                   
                  7.  
                7.  
                  animation-delay is used on the second and third div respectively, so that each element does not start the animation at the same time.
                   
                  8.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 95.3% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Box-sizing resetlayout
                 
                Resets the box-model so that widths and heights are not affected by their borders or padding.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="box">border-box</div>
 <div class="box content-box">content-box</div>
 
                 
                CSS
                html {
   box-sizing: border-box;
@@ -49,20 +53,20 @@
 .content-box {
   box-sizing: content-box;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                border-box
                 
                content-box
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. box-sizing: border-box makes the addition of padding or borders not affect an element's width or height.
                  2.  
                2. box-sizing: inherit makes an element respect its parent's box-sizing rule.
                  3.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 95.9% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Calc()other
                 
                The function calc() allows to define CSS values with the use of mathematical expressions, the value adopted for the property is the result of a mathematical expression.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="box-example"></div>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                border-box
                 
                content-box
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. box-sizing: border-box makes the addition of padding or borders not affect an element's width or height.
                  2.  
                2. box-sizing: inherit makes an element respect its parent's box-sizing rule.
                  3.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 98.4% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Calc()other
                 
                The function calc() allows to define CSS values with the use of mathematical expressions, the value adopted for the property is the result of a mathematical expression.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="box-example"></div>
 
                 
                CSS
                .box-example {
   height: 280px;
   background: #222 url('https://image.ibb.co/fUL9nS/wolf.png') no-repeat;
   background-position: calc(100% - 20px) calc(100% - 20px);
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                  
                If you want to align a background-image from right and bottom wasn't possible with just straight length values. So now it's possible using calc():
                 
                 
                Background-image in the right/bottom
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. It allows addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
                  2.  
                2. Can use different units (pixel and percent together, for example) for each value in your expression.
                  3.  
                3. It is permitted to nest calc() functions.
                  4.  
                4. It can be used in any property that <length>, <frequency>, <angle>, <time>, <number>, <color>, or <integer> is allowed, like width, height, font-size, top, left, etc.
                  5.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 93.0% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Circlevisual
                 
                Creates a circle shape with pure CSS.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="circle"></div>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                  
                If you want to align a background-image from right and bottom wasn't possible with just straight length values. So now it's possible using calc():
                 
                 
                Background-image in the right/bottom
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. It allows addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
                  2.  
                2. Can use different units (pixel and percent together, for example) for each value in your expression.
                  3.  
                3. It is permitted to nest calc() functions.
                  4.  
                4. It can be used in any property that <length>, <frequency>, <angle>, <time>, <number>, <color>, or <integer> is allowed, like width, height, font-size, top, left, etc.
                  5.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 94.9% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Circlevisual
                 
                Creates a circle shape with pure CSS.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="circle"></div>
 
                 
                CSS
                .circle {
   border-radius: 50%;
   width: 2rem;
   height: 2rem;
   background: #333;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                border-radius: 50% curves the borders of an element to create a circle.
                 
                Since a circle has the same radius at any given point, the width and height must be the same. Differing values will create an ellipse.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 93.7% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Clearfixlayout
                 
                Ensures that an element self-clears its children.
                 
                Note: This is only useful if you are still using float to build layouts. Please consider using a modern approach with flexbox layout or grid layout.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="clearfix">
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                border-radius: 50% curves the borders of an element to create a circle.
                 
                Since a circle has the same radius at any given point, the width and height must be the same. Differing values will create an ellipse.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 95.5% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Clearfixlayout
                 
                Ensures that an element self-clears its children.
                 
                Note: This is only useful if you are still using float to build layouts. Please consider using a modern approach with flexbox layout or grid layout.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="clearfix">
   <div class="floated">float a</div>
   <div class="floated">float b</div>
   <div class="floated">float c</div>
@@ -90,7 +94,7 @@
   display: block;
   clear: both;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                padding-top on the ::before pseudo-element causes the height of the element to equal a percentage of its width. 100% therefore means the element's height will always be 100% of the width, creating a responsive square.
                 
                This method also allows content to be placed inside the element normally.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 99+% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                  
                 
                 
                Countervisualother
                 
                Counters are, in essence, variables maintained by CSS whose values may be incremented by CSS rules to track how many times they're used.
                 
                HTML
                <ul>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                padding-top on the ::before pseudo-element causes the height of the element to equal a percentage of its width. 100% therefore means the element's height will always be 100% of the width, creating a responsive square. 
                 
                This method also allows content to be placed inside the element normally.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 99+% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                  
                 
                 
                Countervisualother
                 
                Counters are, in essence, variables maintained by CSS whose values may be incremented by CSS rules to track how many times they're used.
                 
                HTML
                <ul>
   <li>List item</li>
   <li>List item</li>
   <li>
@@ -109,11 +113,11 @@ li::before {
   counter-increment: counter;
   content: counters(counter, '.') ' ';
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                   
                • List item
                  •  
                • List item
                  •  
                •  List item 
                     
                  • List item
                    •  
                  • List item
                    •  
                  • List item
                    •  
                   
                  •  
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                You can create a ordered list using any type of HTML.
                 
                   
                1.  
                  counter-reset Initializes a counter, the value is the name of the counter. By default, the counter starts at 0. This property can also be used to change its value to any specific number.
                   
                  2.  
                2.  
                  counter-increment Used in element that will be countable. Once counter-reset initialized, a counter's value can be increased or decreased.
                   
                  3.  
                3.  
                  counter(name, style) Displays the value of a section counter. Generally used in a content property. This function can receive two parameters, the first as the name of the counter and the second one can be decimal or upper-roman (decimal by default).
                   
                  4.  
                4.  
                  counters(counter, string, style) Displays the value of a section counter. Generally used in a content property. This function can receive three parameters, the first as the name of the counter, the second one you can include a string which comes after the counter and the third one can be decimal or upper-roman (decimal by default).
                   
                  5.  
                5.  
                  A CSS counter can be especially useful for making outlined lists, because a new instance of the counter is automatically created in child elements. Using the counters() function, separating text can be inserted between different levels of nested counters.
                   
                  6.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 95.9% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Custom scrollbarvisual
                 
                Customizes the scrollbar style for the document and elements with scrollable overflow, on WebKit platforms.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="custom-scrollbar">
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                   
                • List item
                  •  
                • List item
                  •  
                •  List item 
                     
                  • List item
                    •  
                  • List item
                    •  
                  • List item
                    •  
                   
                  •  
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                You can create a ordered list using any type of HTML.
                 
                   
                1.  
                  counter-reset Initializes a counter, the value is the name of the counter. By default, the counter starts in 0. This property can also be used to change its value to any specific number.
                   
                  2.  
                2.  
                  counter-increment Used in element that will be countable. Once counter-reset initialized, a counter's value can be increased or decreased.
                   
                  3.  
                3.  
                  counter(name, style) Displays the value of a section counter. Generally used in a content property. This function can receive two parameters, the first as the name of the counter and the second one can be decimal or upper-roman (decimal by default).
                   
                  4.  
                4.  
                  counters(counter, string, style) Displays the value of a section counter. Generally used in a content property. This function can receive three parameters, the first as the name of the counter, the second one you can include a string which comes after the counter and the third one can be decimal or upper-roman (decimal by default).
                   
                  5.  
                5.  
                  A CSS counter can be especially useful for making outlined lists, because a new instance of the counter is automatically created in child elements. Using the counters() function, separating text can be inserted between different levels of nested counters.
                   
                  6.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 98.4% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Custom scrollbarvisual
                 
                Customizes the scrollbar style for the document and elements with scrollable overflow, on WebKit platforms.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="custom-scrollbar">
   <p>
-    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.<br />
-    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br />
-    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br />
+    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.<br>
+    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br>
+    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br>
     Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
   </p>
 </div>
@@ -133,7 +137,7 @@ li::before {
   border-radius: 10px;
   box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.
                 Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, 
                 molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. 
                 Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. ::-webkit-scrollbar targets the whole scrollbar element.
                  2.  
                2. ::-webkit-scrollbar-track targets only the scrollbar track.
                  3.  
                3. ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb targets the scrollbar thumb.
                  4.  
                 
                There are many other pseudo-elements that you can use to style scrollbars. For more info, visit the WebKit Blog.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 86.7% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Scrollbar styling doesn't appear to be on any standards track.
                   
                 
                 
                Custom text selectionvisual
                 
                Changes the styling of text selection.
                 
                HTML
                <p class="custom-text-selection">Select some of this text.</p>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. 
                 Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, 
                 molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. 
                 Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. ::-webkit-scrollbar targets the whole scrollbar element.
                  2.  
                2. ::-webkit-scrollbar-track targets only the scrollbar track.
                  3.  
                3. ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb targets the scrollbar thumb.
                  4.  
                 
                There are many other pseudo-elements that you can use to style scrollbars. For more info, visit the WebKit Blog.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 88.0% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Scrollbar styling doesn't appear to be on any standards track.
                   
                 
                 
                Custom text selectionvisual
                 
                Changes the styling of text selection.
                 
                HTML
                <p class="custom-text-selection">Select some of this text.</p>
 
                 
                CSS
                ::selection {
   background: aquamarine;
   color: black;
@@ -142,7 +146,7 @@ li::before {
   background: deeppink;
   color: white;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                Select some of this text.
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                ::selection defines a pseudo selector on an element to style text within it when selected. Note that if you don't combine any other selector your style will be applied at document root level, to any selectable element.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 82.5% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support and is not actually in any specification.
                   
                 
                 
                Custom variablesother
                 
                CSS variables that contain specific values to be reused throughout a document.
                 
                HTML
                <p class="custom-variables">CSS is awesome!</p>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                Select some of this text.
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                ::selection defines a pseudo selector on an element to style text within it when selected. Note that if you don't combine any other selector your style will be applied at document root level, to any selectable element.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 84.9% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support and is not actually in any specification.
                   
                 
                 
                Custom variablesother
                 
                CSS variables that contain specific values to be reused throughout a document.
                 
                HTML
                <p class="custom-variables">CSS is awesome!</p>
 
                 
                CSS
                :root {
   /* Place variables within here to use the variables globally. */
 }
@@ -156,13 +160,15 @@ li::before {
   font-style: var(--some-keyword);
   text-shadow: var(--some-complex-value);
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                CSS is awesome!
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                The variables are defined globally within the :root CSS pseudo-class which matches the root element of a tree representing the document. Variables can also be scoped to a selector if defined within the block.
                 
                Declare a variable with --variable-name:.
                 
                Reuse variables throughout the document using the var(--variable-name) function.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 87.6% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Disable selectioninteractivity
                 
                Makes the content unselectable.
                 
                HTML
                <p>You can select me.</p>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                CSS is awesome!
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                The variables are defined globally within the :root CSS pseudo-class which matches the root element of a tree representing the document. Variables can also be scoped to a selector if defined within the block.
                 
                Declare a variable with --variable-name:.
                 
                Reuse variables throughout the document using the var(--variable-name) function.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 88.0% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Disable selectioninteractivity
                 
                Makes the content unselectable.
                 
                HTML
                <p>You can select me.</p>
 <p class="unselectable">You can't select me!</p>
 
                 
                CSS
                .unselectable {
   user-select: none;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                You can select me.
                 
                You can't select me!
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                user-select: none specifies that the text cannot be selected.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 89.2% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support. ⚠️ This is not a secure method to prevent users from copying content.
                   
                 
                 
                Display table centeringlayout
                 
                Vertically and horizontally centers a child element within its parent element using display: table (as an alternative to flexbox).
                 
                HTML
                <div class="container">
-  <div class="center"><span>Centered content</span></div>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                You can select me.
                 
                You can't select me!
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                user-select: none specifies that the text cannot be selected.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 87.2% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support. ⚠️ This is not a secure method to prevent users from copying content.
                   
                 
                 
                Display table centeringlayout
                 
                Vertically and horizontally centers a child element within its parent element using display: table (as an alternative to flexbox).
                 
                HTML
                <div class="container">
+  <div class="center">
+    <span>Centered content</span>
+  </div>
 </div>
 
                 
                CSS
                .container {
   border: 1px solid #333;
@@ -179,7 +185,7 @@ li::before {
   text-align: center;
   vertical-align: middle;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                Centered content
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. display: table on '.center' allows the element to behave like a <table> HTML element.
                  2.  
                2. 100% height and width on '.center' allows the element to fill the available space within its parent element.
                  3.  
                3. display: table-cell on '.center > span' allows the element to behave like an HTML element.
                  4.  
                4. text-align: center on '.center > span' centers the child element horizontally.
                  5.  
                5. vertical-align: middle on '.center > span' centers the child element vertically.
                  6.  
                 
                The outer parent ('.container' in this case) must have a fixed height and width.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 99+% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Donut spinneranimation
                 
                Creates a donut spinner that can be used to indicate the loading of content.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="donut"></div>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                 Centered content 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. display: table on '.center' allows the element to behave like a <table> HTML element.
                  2.  
                2. 100% height and width on '.center' allows the element to fill the available space within its parent element.
                  3.  
                3. display: table-cell on '.center > span' allows the element to behave like an HTML element.
                  4.  
                4. text-align: center on '.center > span' centers the child element horizontally.
                  5.  
                5. vertical-align: middle on '.center > span' centers the child element vertically.
                  6.  
                 
                The outer parent ('.container' in this case) must have a fixed height and width.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 99+% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Donut spinneranimation
                 
                Creates a donut spinner that can be used to indicate the loading of content.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="donut"></div>
 
                 
                CSS
                @keyframes donut-spin {
   0% {
     transform: rotate(0deg);
@@ -197,7 +203,7 @@ li::before {
   height: 30px;
   animation: donut-spin 1.2s linear infinite;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                Use a semi-transparent border for the whole element, except one side that will serve as the loading indicator for the donut. Use animation to rotate the element.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 93.4% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support.
                   
                 
                 
                Dynamic shadowvisual
                 
                Creates a shadow similar to box-shadow but based on the colors of the element itself.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="dynamic-shadow"></div>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                Use a semi-transparent border for the whole element, except one side that will serve as the loading indicator for the donut. Use animation to rotate the element.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 95.3% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support.
                   
                 
                 
                Dynamic shadowvisual
                 
                Creates a shadow similar to box-shadow but based on the colors of the element itself.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="dynamic-shadow"></div>
 
                 
                CSS
                .dynamic-shadow {
   position: relative;
   width: 10rem;
@@ -216,7 +222,7 @@ li::before {
   opacity: 0.7;
   z-index: -1;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. position: relative on the element establishes a Cartesian positioning context for psuedo-elements.
                  2.  
                2. z-index: 1 establishes a new stacking context.
                  3.  
                3. ::after defines a pseudo-element.
                  4.  
                4. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
                  5.  
                5. width: 100% and height: 100% sizes the pseudo-element to fill its parent's dimensions, making it equal in size.
                  6.  
                6. background: inherit causes the pseudo-element to inherit the linear gradient specified on the element.
                  7.  
                7. top: 0.5rem offsets the pseudo-element down slightly from its parent.
                  8.  
                8. filter: blur(0.4rem) will blur the pseudo-element to create the appearance of a shadow underneath.
                  9.  
                9. opacity: 0.7 makes the pseudo-element partially transparent.
                  10.  
                10. z-index: -1 positions the pseudo-element behind the parent but in front of the background.
                  11.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 90.2% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support.
                   
                 
                 
                Easing variablesanimation
                 
                Variables that can be reused for transition-timing-function properties, more powerful than the built-in ease, ease-in, ease-out and ease-in-out.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="easing-variables">Hover</div>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. position: relative on the element establishes a Cartesian positioning context for psuedo-elements.
                  2.  
                2. z-index: 1 establishes a new stacking context.
                  3.  
                3. ::after defines a pseudo-element.
                  4.  
                4. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
                  5.  
                5. width: 100% and height: 100% sizes the pseudo-element to fill its parent's dimensions, making it equal in size.
                  6.  
                6. background: inherit causes the pseudo-element to inherit the linear gradient specified on the element.
                  7.  
                7. top: 0.5rem offsets the pseudo-element down slightly from its parent.
                  8.  
                8. filter: blur(0.4rem) will blur the pseudo-element to create the appearance of a shadow underneath.
                  9.  
                9. opacity: 0.7 makes the pseudo-element partially transparent.
                  10.  
                10. z-index: -1 positions the pseudo-element behind the parent but in front of the background.
                  11.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 91.7% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support.
                   
                 
                 
                Easing variablesanimation
                 
                Variables that can be reused for transition-timing-function properties, more powerful than the built-in ease, ease-in, ease-out and ease-in-out.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="easing-variables">Hover</div>
 
                 
                CSS
                :root {
   /* Place variables in here to use globally */
 }
@@ -252,14 +258,14 @@ li::before {
 .easing-variables:hover {
   transform: rotate(45deg);
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                Hover
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                The variables are defined globally within the :root CSS pseudo-class which matches the root element of a tree representing the document. In HTML, :root represents the <html> element and is identical to the selector html, except that its specificity is higher.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 87.6% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Etched textvisual
                 
                Creates an effect where text appears to be "etched" or engraved into the background.
                 
                HTML
                <p class="etched-text">I appear etched into the background.</p>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                Hover
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                The variables are defined globally within the :root CSS pseudo-class which matches the root element of a tree representing the document. In HTML, :root represents the <html> element and is identical to the selector html, except that its specificity is higher.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 88.0% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Etched textvisual
                 
                Creates an effect where text appears to be "etched" or engraved into the background.
                 
                HTML
                <p class="etched-text">I appear etched into the background.</p>
 
                 
                CSS
                .etched-text {
   text-shadow: 0 2px white;
   font-size: 1.5rem;
   font-weight: bold;
   color: #b8bec5;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                I appear etched into the background.
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                text-shadow: 0 2px white creates a white shadow offset 0px horizontally and 2px vertically from the origin position.
                 
                The background must be darker than the shadow for the effect to work.
                 
                The text color should be slightly faded to make it look like it's engraved/carved out of the background.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 95.5% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Evenly distributed childrenlayout
                 
                Evenly distributes child elements within a parent element.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="evenly-distributed-children">
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                I appear etched into the background.
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                text-shadow: 0 2px white creates a white shadow offset 0px horizontally and 2px vertically from the origin position.
                 
                The background must be darker than the shadow for the effect to work.
                 
                The text color should be slightly faded to make it look like it's engraved/carved out of the background.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 98.1% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Evenly distributed childrenlayout
                 
                Evenly distributes child elements within a parent element.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="evenly-distributed-children">
   <p>Item1</p>
   <p>Item2</p>
   <p>Item3</p>
@@ -268,43 +274,31 @@ li::before {
   display: flex;
   justify-content: space-between;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                Item1
                 
                Item2
                 
                Item3
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. display: flex enables flexbox.
                  2.  
                2. justify-content: space-between evenly distributes child elements horizontally. The first item is positioned at the left edge, while the last item is positioned at the right edge.
                  3.  
                 
                Alternatively, use justify-content: space-around to distribute the children with space around them, rather than between them.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 95.5% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Needs prefixes for full support.
                   
                 
                 
                Fit image in containerlayoutvisual
                 
                Changes the fit and position of an image within its container while preserving its aspect ratio. Previously only possible using a background image and the background-size property.
                 
                HTML
                <img class="image image-contain" src="https://picsum.photos/600/200" />
-<img class="image image-cover" src="https://picsum.photos/600/200" />
-
                 
                CSS
                .image {
-  background: #34495e;
-  border: 1px solid #34495e;
-  width: 200px;
-  height: 200px;
-}
-.image-contain {
-  object-fit: contain;
-  object-position: center;
-}
-.image-cover {
-  object-fit: cover;
-  object-position: right top;
-}
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                • object-fit: contain fits the entire image within the container while preserving its aspect ratio.
                  •  
                • object-fit: cover fills the container with the image while preserving its aspect ratio.
                  •  
                • object-position: [x] [y] positions the image within the container.
                  •  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 91.5% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                    
                 
                 
                Flexbox centeringlayout
                 
                Horizontally and vertically centers a child element within a parent element using flexbox.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="flexbox-centering"><div class="child">Centered content.</div></div>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                Item1
                 
                Item2
                 
                Item3
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. display: flex enables flexbox.
                  2.  
                2. justify-content: space-between evenly distributes child elements horizontally. The first item is positioned at the left edge, while the last item is positioned at the right edge.
                  3.  
                 
                Alternatively, use justify-content: space-around to distribute the children with space around them, rather than between them.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 98.1% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Needs prefixes for full support.
                   
                 
                 
                Flexbox centeringlayout
                 
                Horizontally and vertically centers a child element within a parent element using flexbox.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="flexbox-centering">
+  <div class="child">Centered content.</div>
+</div>
 
                 
                CSS
                .flexbox-centering {
   display: flex;
   justify-content: center;
   align-items: center;
   height: 100px;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                Centered content.
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. display: flex enables flexbox.
                  2.  
                2. justify-content: center centers the child horizontally.
                  3.  
                3. align-items: center centers the child vertically.
                  4.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 95.5% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Needs prefixes for full support.
                   
                 
                 
                Gradient textvisual
                 
                Gives text a gradient color.
                 
                HTML
                <p class="gradient-text">Gradient text</p>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                Centered content.
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. display: flex enables flexbox.
                  2.  
                2. justify-content: center centers the child horizontally.
                  3.  
                3. align-items: center centers the child vertically.
                  4.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 98.1% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Needs prefixes for full support.
                   
                 
                 
                Gradient textvisual
                 
                Gives text a gradient color.
                 
                HTML
                <p class="gradient-text">Gradient text</p>
 
                 
                CSS
                .gradient-text {
   background: -webkit-linear-gradient(pink, red);
   -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
   -webkit-background-clip: text;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                Gradient text
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. background: -webkit-linear-gradient(...) gives the text element a gradient background.
                  2.  
                2. webkit-text-fill-color: transparent fills the text with a transparent color.
                  3.  
                3. webkit-background-clip: text clips the background with the text, filling the text with the gradient background as the color.
                  4.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 90.1% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Uses non-standard properties.
                   
                 
                 
                Grid centeringlayout
                 
                Horizontally and vertically centers a child element within a parent element using grid.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="grid-centering"><div class="child">Centered content.</div></div>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                Gradient text
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. background: -webkit-linear-gradient(...) gives the text element a gradient background.
                  2.  
                2. webkit-text-fill-color: transparent fills the text with a transparent color.
                  3.  
                3. webkit-background-clip: text clips the background with the text, filling the text with the gradient background as the color.
                  4.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 91.5% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Uses non-standard properties.
                   
                 
                 
                Grid centeringlayout
                 
                Horizontally and vertically centers a child element within a parent element using grid.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="grid-centering">
+  <div class="child">Centered content.</div>
+</div>
 
                 
                CSS
                .grid-centering {
   display: grid;
   justify-content: center;
   align-items: center;
   height: 100px;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                Centered content.
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. display: grid enables grid.
                  2.  
                2. justify-content: center centers the child horizontally.
                  3.  
                3. align-items: center centers the child vertically.
                  4.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 88.3% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Hairline bordervisual
                 
                Gives an element a border equal to 1 native device pixel in width, which can look very sharp and crisp.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="hairline-border">text</div>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                Centered content.
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. display: grid enables grid.
                  2.  
                2. justify-content: center centers the child horizontally.
                  3.  
                3. align-items: center centers the child vertically.
                  4.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 87.6% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Hairline bordervisual
                 
                Gives an element a border equal to 1 native device pixel in width, which can look very sharp and crisp.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="hairline-border">text</div>
 
                 
                CSS
                .hairline-border {
   box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px;
 }
@@ -323,7 +317,7 @@ li::before {
     box-shadow: 0 0 0 0.25px;
   }
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                text
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. box-shadow, when only using spread, adds a pseudo-border which can use subpixels*.
                  2.  
                2. Use @media (min-resolution: ...) to check the device pixel ratio (1dppx equals 96 DPI), setting the spread of the box-shadow equal to 1 / dppx.
                  3.  
                 
                Browser Support
                 
                 
                 93.7% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Needs alternate syntax and JavaScript user agent checking for full support.
                  
                 
                *Chrome does not support subpixel values on border. Safari does not support subpixel values on box-shadow. Firefox supports subpixel values on both.
                  
                 
                 
                Height transitionanimation
                 
                Transitions an element's height from 0 to auto when its height is unknown.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="trigger">
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                text
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. box-shadow, when only using spread, adds a pseudo-border which can use subpixels*.
                  2.  
                2. Use @media (min-resolution: ...) to check the device pixel ratio (1dppx equals 96 DPI), setting the spread of the box-shadow equal to 1 / dppx.
                  3.  
                 
                Browser Support
                 
                 
                 95.5% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Needs alternate syntax and JavaScript user agent checking for full support.
                  
                 
                *Chrome does not support subpixel values on border. Safari does not support subpixel values on box-shadow. Firefox supports subpixel values on both.
                  
                 
                 
                Height transitionanimation
                 
                Transitions an element's height from 0 to auto when its height is unknown.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="trigger">
   Hover me to see a height transition.
   <div class="el">content</div>
 </div>
@@ -338,23 +332,7 @@ li::before {
 
                 
                JavaScript
                var el = document.querySelector('.el')
 var height = el.scrollHeight
 el.style.setProperty('--max-height', height + 'px')
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 Hover me to see a height transition. 
                content
                 
                 
                   
                Explanation
                 
                CSS
                 
                   
                1. transition: max-height: 0.5s cubic-bezier(...) specifies that changes to max-height should be transitioned over 0.5 seconds, using an ease-out-quint timing function.
                  2.  
                2. overflow: hidden prevents the contents of the hidden element from overflowing its container.
                  3.  
                3. max-height: 0 specifies that the element has no height initially.
                  4.  
                4. .target:hover > .el specifies that when the parent is hovered over, target a child .el within it and use the --max-height variable which was defined by JavaScript.
                  5.  
                 
                JavaScript
                 
                   
                1. el.scrollHeight is the height of the element including overflow, which will change dynamically based on the content of the element.
                  2.  
                2. el.style.setProperty(...) sets the --max-height CSS variable which is used to specify the max-height of the element the target is hovered over, allowing it to transition smoothly from 0 to auto.
                  3.  
                 
                Browser Support
                 
                 
                 87.6% 
                 
                 
                 
                Requires JavaScript
                  ⚠️ Causes reflow on each animation frame, which will be laggy if there are a large number of elements beneath the element that is transitioning in height.  
                   
                 
                 
                Hover Shadow Box Animationanimation
                 
                Creates a shadow box around the text whern it is hovered.
                 
                HTML
                <p class="hover-shadow-box-animation">Box it!</p>
-
                 
                CSS
                .hover-shadow-box-animation {
-  display: inline-block;
-  vertical-align: middle;
-  transform: perspective(1px) translateZ(0);
-  box-shadow: 0 0 1px transparent;
-  margin: 10px;
-  transition-duration: 0.3s;
-  transition-property: box-shadow, transform;
-}
-.hover-shadow-box-animation:hover,
-.hover-shadow-box-animation:focus,
-.hover-shadow-box-animation:active {
-  box-shadow: 1px 10px 10px -10px rgba(0, 0, 24, 0.5);
-  transform: scale(1.2);
-}
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                Box it!
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. display: inline-block to set width and length for p element thus making it an inline-block.
                  2.  
                2. Set transform: perspective(1px) to give element a 3D space by affecting the distance between the Z plane and the user and translate(0) to reposition the p element along z-axis in 3D space.
                  3.  
                3. box-shadow: to set up the box.
                  4.  
                4. transparent to make box transparent.
                  5.  
                5. transition-property to enable transitions for both box-shadow and transform.
                  6.  
                6. :hover to activate whole css when hovering is done until active.
                  7.  
                7. transform: scale(1.2) to change the scale, magnifying the text.
                  8.  
                 
                Browser Support
                 
                 
                 93.3% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Hover underline animationanimation
                 
                Creates an animated underline effect when the text is hovered over.
                 
                Credit: https://flatuicolors.com/
                 
                HTML
                <p class="hover-underline-animation">Hover this text to see the effect!</p>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 Hover me to see a height transition. 
                content
                 
                 
                   
                Explanation
                 
                CSS
                 
                   
                1. transition: max-height: 0.5s cubic-bezier(...) specifies that changes to max-height should be transitioned over 0.5 seconds, using an ease-out-quint timing function.
                  2.  
                2. overflow: hidden prevents the contents of the hidden element from overflowing its container.
                  3.  
                3. max-height: 0 specifies that the element has no height initially.
                  4.  
                4. .target:hover > .el specifies that when the parent is hovered over, target a child .el within it and use the --max-height variable which was defined by JavaScript.
                  5.  
                 
                JavaScript
                 
                   
                1. el.scrollHeight is the height of the element including overflow, which will change dynamically based on the content of the element.
                  2.  
                2. el.style.setProperty(...) sets the --max-height CSS variable which is used to specify the max-height of the element the target is hovered over, allowing it to transition smoothly from 0 to auto.
                  3.  
                 
                Browser Support
                 
                 
                 88.0% 
                 
                 
                 
                Requires JavaScript
                  ⚠️ Causes reflow on each animation frame, which will be laggy if there are a large number of elements beneath the element that is transitioning in height.  
                   
                 
                 
                Hover underline animationanimation
                 
                Creates an animated underline effect when the text is hovered over.
                 
                 Credit: https://flatuicolors.com/  
                 
                HTML
                <p class="hover-underline-animation">Hover this text to see the effect!</p>
 
                 
                CSS
                .hover-underline-animation {
   display: inline-block;
   position: relative;
@@ -376,7 +354,7 @@ el.style.setProperty('--max-height', height + 'px')
   transform: scaleX(1);
   transform-origin: bottom left;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                Hover this text to see the effect!
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. display: inline-block makes the block p an inline-block to prevent the underline from spanning the entire parent width rather than just the content (text).
                  2.  
                2. position: relative on the element establishes a Cartesian positioning context for pseudo-elements.
                  3.  
                3. ::after defines a pseudo-element.
                  4.  
                4. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
                  5.  
                5. width: 100% ensures the pseudo-element spans the entire width of the text block.
                  6.  
                6. transform: scaleX(0) initially scales the pseudo element to 0 so it has no width and is not visible.
                  7.  
                7. bottom: 0 and left: 0 position it to the bottom left of the block.
                  8.  
                8. transition: transform 0.25s ease-out means changes to transform will be transitioned over 0.25 seconds with an ease-out timing function.
                  9.  
                9. transform-origin: bottom right means the transform anchor point is positioned at the bottom right of the block.
                  10.  
                10. :hover::after then uses scaleX(1) to transition the width to 100%, then changes the transform-origin to bottom left so that the anchor point is reversed, allowing it transition out in the other direction when hovered off.
                  11.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 93.5% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Last item with remaining available heightlayout
                 
                Take advantage of available viewport space by giving the last element the remaining available space in current viewport, even when resizing the window.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="container">
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                Hover this text to see the effect!
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. display: inline-block makes the block p an inline-block to prevent the underline from spanning the entire parent width rather than just the content (text).
                  2.  
                2. position: relative on the element establishes a Cartesian positioning context for pseudo-elements.
                  3.  
                3. ::after defines a pseudo-element.
                  4.  
                4. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
                  5.  
                5. width: 100% ensures the pseudo-element spans the entire width of the text block.
                  6.  
                6. transform: scaleX(0) initially scales the pseudo element to 0 so it has no width and is not visible.
                  7.  
                7. bottom: 0 and left: 0 position it to the bottom left of the block.
                  8.  
                8. transition: transform 0.25s ease-out means changes to transform will be transitioned over 0.25 seconds with an ease-out timing function.
                  9.  
                9. transform-origin: bottom right means the transform anchor point is positioned at the bottom right of the block.
                  10.  
                10. :hover::after then uses scaleX(1) to transition the width to 100%, then changes the transform-origin to bottom left so that the anchor point is reversed, allowing it transition out in the other direction when hovered off.
                  11.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 95.4% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 New 
                Last item with remaining available heightlayout
                 
                Take advantage of available viewport space by giving the last element the remaining available space in current viewport, even when resizing the window.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="container">
   <div>Div 1</div>
   <div>Div 2</div>
   <div>Div 3</div>
@@ -395,7 +373,9 @@ body {
   background-color: tomato;
   flex: 1;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                Div 1
                 
                Div 2
                 
                Div 3
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. height: 100% set the height of container as viewport height.
                  2.  
                2. display: flex enables flexbox.
                  3.  
                3. flex-direction: column set the direction of flex items' order from top to down.
                  4.  
                4. flex-grow: 1 the flexbox will apply remaining available space of container to last child element.
                  5.  
                 
                The parent must have a viewport height. flex-grow: 1 could be applied to the first or second element, which will have all available space.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 95.5% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Needs prefixes for full support.
                    
                 
                 
                Mouse cursor gradient trackingvisualinteractivity
                 
                A hover effect where the gradient follows the mouse cursor.
                 
                Credit: Tobias Reich
                 
                HTML
                <button class="mouse-cursor-gradient-tracking"><span>Hover me</span></button>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                Div 1
                 
                Div 2
                 
                Div 3
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. height: 100% set the height of container as viewport height.
                  2.  
                2. display: flex enables flexbox.
                  3.  
                3. flex-direction: column set the direction of flex items' order from top to down.
                  4.  
                4. flex-grow: 1 the flexbox will apply remaining available space of container to last child element.
                  5.  
                 
                The parent must have a viewport height. flex-grow: 1 could be applied to the first or second element, which will have all available space.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 98.1% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Needs prefixes for full support.
                    
                 
                 
                Mouse cursor gradient trackingvisualinteractivity
                 
                A hover effect where the gradient follows the mouse cursor.
                 
                 Credit: Tobias Reich  
                 
                HTML
                <button class="mouse-cursor-gradient-tracking">
+  <span>Hover me</span>
+</button>
 
                 
                CSS
                .mouse-cursor-gradient-tracking {
   position: relative;
   background: #7983ff;
@@ -432,7 +412,7 @@ btn.onmousemove = function(e) {
   btn.style.setProperty('--x', x + 'px')
   btn.style.setProperty('--y', y + 'px')
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                   
                Explanation
                 
                TODO
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 87.6% 
                 
                 
                 
                Requires JavaScript
                 ⚠️ Requires JavaScript. 
                   
                 
                 
                :not selectorvisual
                 
                The :not psuedo selector is useful for styling a group of elements, while leaving the last (or specified) element unstyled.
                 
                HTML
                <ul class="css-not-selector-shortcut">
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                  
                   
                Explanation
                 
                TODO
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 88.0% 
                 
                 
                 
                Requires JavaScript
                 ⚠️ Requires JavaScript. 
                   
                 
                 
                :not selectorvisual
                 
                The :not psuedo selector is useful for styling a group of elements, while leaving the last (or specified) element unstyled.
                 
                HTML
                <ul class="css-not-selector-shortcut">
   <li>One</li>
   <li>Two</li>
   <li>Three</li>
@@ -452,8 +432,9 @@ li {
 li:not(:last-child) {
   border-right: 2px solid #d2d5e4;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                   
                • One
                  •  
                • Two
                  •  
                • Three
                  •  
                • Four
                  •  
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                li:not(:last-child) specifies that the styles should apply to all li elements except the :last-child.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 95.9% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Offscreenlayoutvisual
                 
                A bulletproof way to completely hide an element visually and positionally in the DOM while still allowing it to be accessed by JavaScript and readable by screen readers. This method is very useful for accessibility (ADA) development when more context is needed for visually-impaired users. As an alternative to display: none which is not readable by screen readers or visibility: hidden which takes up physical space in the DOM.
                 
                HTML
                <a class="button" href="http://pantswebsite.com">
-  Learn More <span class="offscreen"> about pants</span>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                   
                • One
                  •  
                • Two
                  •  
                • Three
                  •  
                • Four
                  •  
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                li:not(:last-child) specifies that the styles should apply to all li elements except the :last-child.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 98.4% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Offscreenlayoutvisual
                 
                A bulletproof way to completely hide an element visually and positionally in the DOM while still allowing it to be accessed by JavaScript and readable by screen readers. This method is very useful for accessibility ( ADA) development when more context is needed for visually-impaired users. As an alternative to display: none which is not readable by screen readers or visibility: hidden which takes up physical space in the DOM.
                 
                HTML
                <a class="button" href="http://pantswebsite.com">
+  Learn More
+  <span class="offscreen"> about pants</span>
 </a>
 
                 
                CSS
                .offscreen {
   border: 0;
@@ -465,15 +446,15 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
   position: absolute;
   width: 1px;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 Learn More  about pants 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. Remove all borders.
                  2.  
                2. Use clip to indicate that no part of the element should be shown.
                  3.  
                3. Make the height and width of the element 1px.
                  4.  
                4. Negate the elements height and width using margin: -1px.
                  5.  
                5. Hide the element's overflow.
                  6.  
                6. Remove all padding.
                  7.  
                7. Position the element absolutely so that it does not take up space in the DOM.
                  8.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 99+% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                 
                (Although clip technically has been depreciated, the newer clip-path currently has very limited browser support.)
                   
                 
                 
                Overflow scroll gradientvisual
                 
                Adds a fading gradient to an overflowing element to better indicate there is more content to be scrolled.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="overflow-scroll-gradient">
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                  Learn More  about pants  
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. Remove all borders.
                  2.  
                2. Use clip to indicate that no part of the element should be shown.
                  3.  
                3. Make the height and width of the element 1px.
                  4.  
                4. Negate the elements height and width using margin: -1px.
                  5.  
                5. Hide the element's overflow.
                  6.  
                6. Remove all padding.
                  7.  
                7. Position the element absolutely so that it does not take up space in the DOM.
                  8.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 99+% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                 
                (Although clip technically has been depreciated, the newer clip-path currently has very limited browser support.)
                   
                 
                 
                Overflow scroll gradientvisual
                 
                Adds a fading gradient to an overflowing element to better indicate there is more content to be scrolled.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="overflow-scroll-gradient">
   <div class="overflow-scroll-gradient__scroller">
-    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. <br />
-    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br />
-    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br />
-    Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? <br />
-    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.<br />
-    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br />
-    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br />
+    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. <br>
+    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br>
+    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br>
+    Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? <br>
+    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.<br>
+    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br>
+    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br>
     Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
   </div>
 </div>
@@ -500,7 +481,11 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
   padding: 15px;
   line-height: 1.2;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. 
                 Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, 
                 molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. 
                 Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? 
                 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.
                 Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, 
                 molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. 
                 Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. position: relative on the parent establishes a Cartesian positioning context for pseudo-elements.
                  2.  
                2. ::after defines a pseudo element.
                  3.  
                3. background-image: linear-gradient(...) adds a linear gradient that fades from transparent to white (top to bottom).
                  4.  
                4. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
                  5.  
                5. width: 240px matches the size of the scrolling element (which is a child of the parent that has the pseudo element).
                  6.  
                6. height: 25px is the height of the fading gradient pseudo-element, which should be kept relatively small.
                  7.  
                7. bottom: 0 positions the pseudo-element at the bottom of the parent.
                  8.  
                8. pointer-events: none specifies that the pseudo-element cannot be a target of mouse events, allowing text behind it to still be selectable/interactive.
                  9.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 93.5% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Popout menuinteractivity
                 
                Reveals an interactive popout menu on hover and focus.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="reference" tabindex="0"><div class="popout-menu">Popout menu</div></div>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. 
                 Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, 
                 molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. 
                 Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? 
                 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. 
                 Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, 
                 molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. 
                 Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. position: relative on the parent establishes a Cartesian positioning context for pseudo-elements.
                  2.  
                2. ::after defines a pseudo element.
                  3.  
                3. background-image: linear-gradient(...) adds a linear gradient that fades from transparent to white (top to bottom).
                  4.  
                4. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
                  5.  
                5. width: 240px matches the size of the scrolling element (which is a child of the parent that has the pseudo element).
                  6.  
                6. height: 25px is the height of the fading gradient pseudo-element, which should be kept relatively small.
                  7.  
                7. bottom: 0 positions the pseudo-element at the bottom of the parent.
                  8.  
                8. pointer-events: none specifies that the pseudo-element cannot be a target of mouse events, allowing text behind it to still be selectable/interactive.
                  9.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 95.4% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Popout menuinteractivity
                 
                Reveals an interactive popout menu on hover and focus.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="reference" tabindex="0">
+  <div class="popout-menu">
+    Popout menu
+  </div>
+</div>
 
                 
                CSS
                .reference {
   position: relative;
   background: tomato;
@@ -520,7 +505,7 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
 .reference:focus-within > .popout-menu {
   visibility: visible;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                Popout menu
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. position: relative on the reference parent establishes a Cartesian positioning context for its child.
                  2.  
                2. position: absolute takes the popout menu out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
                  3.  
                3. left: 100% moves the the popout menu 100% of its parent's width from the left.
                  4.  
                4. visibility: hidden hides the popout menu initially and allows for transitions (unlike display: none).
                  5.  
                5. .reference:hover > .popout-menu means that when .reference is hovered over, select immediate children with a class of .popout-menu and change their visibility to visible, which shows the popout.
                  6.  
                6. .reference:focus > .popout-menu means that when .reference is focused, the popout would be shown.
                  7.  
                7. .reference:focus-within > .popout-menu ensures that the popout is shown when the focus is within the reference.
                  8.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 99+% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                  
                 
                 
                Pretty text underlinevisual
                 
                A nicer alternative to text-decoration: underline or <u></u> where descenders do not clip the underline. Natively implemented as text-decoration-skip-ink: auto but it has less control over the underline.
                 
                HTML
                <p class="pretty-text-underline">Pretty text underline without clipping descending letters.</p>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                 Popout menu 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. position: relative on the reference parent establishes a Cartesian positioning context for its child.
                  2.  
                2. position: absolute takes the popout menu out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
                  3.  
                3. left: 100% moves the the popout menu 100% of its parent's width from the left.
                  4.  
                4. visibility: hidden hides the popout menu initially and allows for transitions (unlike display: none).
                  5.  
                5. .reference:hover > .popout-menu means that when .reference is hovered over, select immediate children with a class of .popout-menu and change their visibility to visible, which shows the popout.
                  6.  
                6. .reference:focus > .popout-menu means that when .reference is focused, the popout would be shown.
                  7.  
                7. .reference:focus-within > .popout-menu ensures that the popout is shown when the focus is within the reference.
                  8.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 99+% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                  
                 
                 
                Pretty text underlinevisual
                 
                A nicer alternative to text-decoration: underline or <u></u> where descenders do not clip the underline. Natively implemented as text-decoration-skip-ink: auto but it has less control over the underline.
                 
                HTML
                <p class="pretty-text-underline">Pretty text underline without clipping descending letters.</p>
 
                 
                CSS
                .pretty-text-underline {
   display: inline;
   text-shadow: 1px 1px #f5f6f9, -1px 1px #f5f6f9, -1px -1px #f5f6f9, 1px -1px #f5f6f9;
@@ -537,18 +522,14 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
   background-color: rgba(0, 150, 255, 0.3);
   text-shadow: none;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                Pretty text underline without clipping descending letters.
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. text-shadow uses 4 values with offsets that cover a 4x4 px area to ensure the underline has a "thick" shadow that covers the line where descenders clip it. Use a color that matches the background. For a larger font, use a larger px size. Additional values can create an even thicker shadow, and subpixel values can also be used.
                  2.  
                2. background-image: linear-gradient(...) creates a 90deg gradient using the text color (currentColor).
                  3.  
                3. The background-* properties size the gradient as 100% of the width of the block and 1px in height at the bottom and disables repetition, which creates a 1px underline beneath the text.
                  4.  
                4. The ::selection pseudo selector rule ensures the text shadow does not interfere with text selection.
                  5.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 93.5% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Reset all stylesvisual
                 
                Resets all styles to default values with one property. This will not affect direction and unicode-bidi properties.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="reset-all-styles">
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                Pretty text underline without clipping descending letters.
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. text-shadow uses 4 values with offsets that cover a 4x4 px area to ensure the underline has a "thick" shadow that covers the line where descenders clip it. Use a color that matches the background. For a larger font, use a larger px size. Additional values can create an even thicker shadow, and subpixel values can also be used.
                  2.  
                2. background-image: linear-gradient(...) creates a 90deg gradient using the text color (currentColor).
                  3.  
                3. The background-* properties size the gradient as 100% of the width of the block and 1px in height at the bottom and disables repetition, which creates a 1px underline beneath the text.
                  4.  
                4. The ::selection pseudo selector rule ensures the text shadow does not interfere with text selection. 
                  5.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 95.4% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Reset all stylesvisual
                 
                Resets all styles to default values with one property. This will not affect direction and unicode-bidi properties.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="reset-all-styles">
   <h5>Title</h5>
-  <p>
-    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Iure id exercitationem nulla qui
-    repellat laborum vitae, molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. Quisquam enim qui
-    iure, consequatur velit sit?
-  </p>
+  <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?</p>
 </div>
 
                 
                CSS
                .reset-all-styles {
   all: initial;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                Title
                 
                 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                The all property allows you to reset all styles (inherited or not) to default values.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 87.2% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ MS Edge status is under consideration.
                   
                 
                 
                Shape separatorvisual
                 
                Uses an SVG shape to separate two different blocks to create more a interesting visual appearance compared to standard horizontal separation.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="shape-separator"></div>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                Title
                 
                Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                The all property allows you to reset all styles (inherited or not) to default values.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 88.3% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ MS Edge status is under consideration.
                   
                 
                 
                Shape separatorvisual
                 
                Uses an SVG shape to separate two different blocks to create more a interesting visual appearance compared to standard horizontal separation.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="shape-separator"></div>
 
                 
                CSS
                .shape-separator {
   position: relative;
   height: 48px;
@@ -562,9 +543,13 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
   height: 12px;
   bottom: 0;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. position: relative on the element establishes a Cartesian positioning context for pseudo elements.
                  2.  
                2. ::after defines a pseudo element.
                  3.  
                3. background-image: url(...) adds the SVG shape (a 24x12 triangle) as the background image of the pseudo element, which repeats by default. It must be the same color as the block that is being separated. For other shapes, we can use the URL-encoder for SVG.
                  4.  
                4. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
                  5.  
                5. width: 100% ensures the element stretches the entire width of its parent.
                  6.  
                6. height: 12px is the same height as the shape.
                  7.  
                7. bottom: 0 positions the pseudo element at the bottom of the parent.
                  8.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 95.7% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Sibling fadeinteractivity
                 
                Fades out the siblings of a hovered item.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="sibling-fade">
-  <span>Item 1</span> <span>Item 2</span> <span>Item 3</span> <span>Item 4</span>
-  <span>Item 5</span> <span>Item 6</span>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. position: relative on the element establishes a Cartesian positioning context for pseudo elements.
                  2.  
                2. ::after defines a pseudo element.
                  3.  
                3. background-image: url(...) adds the SVG shape (a 24x12 triangle) as the background image of the pseudo element, which repeats by default. It must be the same color as the block that is being separated. For other shapes, we can use the URL-encoder for SVG.
                  4.  
                4. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
                  5.  
                5. width: 100% ensures the element stretches the entire width of its parent.
                  6.  
                6. height: 12px is the same height as the shape.
                  7.  
                7. bottom: 0 positions the pseudo element at the bottom of the parent.
                  8.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 98.3% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                Sibling fadeinteractivity
                 
                Fades out the siblings of a hovered item.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="sibling-fade">
+  <span>Item 1</span>
+  <span>Item 2</span>
+  <span>Item 3</span>
+  <span>Item 4</span>
+  <span>Item 5</span>
+  <span>Item 6</span>
 </div>
 
                 
                CSS
                span {
   padding: 0 1rem;
@@ -573,12 +558,13 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
 .sibling-fade:hover span:not(:hover) {
   opacity: 0.5;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5 Item 6 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. transition: opacity 0.2s specifies that changes to opacity will be transitioned over 0.2 seconds.
                  2.  
                2. .sibling-fade:hover span:not(:hover) specifies that when the parent is hovered, select any span children that are not currently being hovered and change their opacity to 0.5.
                  3.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 93.5% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                System font stackvisual
                 
                Uses the native font of the operating system to get close to a native app feel.
                 
                HTML
                <p class="system-font-stack">This text uses the system font.</p>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5 Item 6 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. transition: opacity 0.2s specifies that changes to opacity will be transitioned over 0.2 seconds.
                  2.  
                2. .sibling-fade:hover span:not(:hover) specifies that when the parent is hovered, select any span children that are not currently being hovered and change their opacity to 0.5.
                  3.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 95.4% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                   
                 
                 
                System font stackvisual
                 
                Uses the native font of the operating system to get close to a native app feel.
                 
                HTML
                <p class="system-font-stack">This text uses the system font.</p>
 
                 
                CSS
                .system-font-stack {
   font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu,
     Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                This text uses the system font.
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                The browser looks for each successive font, preferring the first one if possible, and falls back to the next if it cannot find the font (on the system or defined in CSS).
                 
                   
                1. -apple-system is San Francisco, used on iOS and macOS (not Chrome however)
                  2.  
                2. BlinkMacSystemFont is San Francisco, used on macOS Chrome
                  3.  
                3. Segoe UI is used on Windows 10
                  4.  
                4. Roboto is used on Android
                  5.  
                5. Oxygen-Sans is used on GNU+Linux
                  6.  
                6. Ubuntu is used on Linux
                  7.  
                7. "Helvetica Neue" and Helvetica is used on macOS 10.10 and below (wrapped in quotes because it has a space)
                  8.  
                8. Arial is a font widely supported by all operating systems
                  9.  
                9. sans-serif is the fallback sans-serif font if none of the other fonts are supported
                  10.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 99+% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                  
                 
                 
                Toggle switchvisualinteractivity
                 
                Creates a toggle switch with CSS only.
                 
                HTML
                <input type="checkbox" id="toggle" class="offscreen" /> <label for="toggle" class="switch"></label>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                This text uses the system font.
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                The browser looks for each successive font, preferring the first one if possible, and falls back to the next if it cannot find the font (on the system or defined in CSS).
                 
                   
                1. -apple-system is San Francisco, used on iOS and macOS (not Chrome however)
                  2.  
                2. BlinkMacSystemFont is San Francisco, used on macOS Chrome
                  3.  
                3. Segoe UI is used on Windows 10
                  4.  
                4. Roboto is used on Android
                  5.  
                5. Oxygen-Sans is used on GNU+Linux
                  6.  
                6. Ubuntu is used on Linux
                  7.  
                7. "Helvetica Neue" and Helvetica is used on macOS 10.10 and below (wrapped in quotes because it has a space)
                  8.  
                8. Arial is a font widely supported by all operating systems
                  9.  
                9. sans-serif is the fallback sans-serif font if none of the other fonts are supported
                  10.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 99+% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                  
                 
                 New 
                Toggle switchvisualinteractivity
                 
                Creates a toggle switch with CSS only.
                 
                HTML
                <input type="checkbox" id="toggle" class="offscreen" />
+<label for="toggle" class="switch"></label>
 
                 
                CSS
                .switch {
   position: relative;
   display: inline-block;
@@ -609,7 +595,9 @@ input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch {
   position: absolute;
   left: -9999px;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                This effect is styling only the <label> element to look like a toggle switch, and hiding the actual <input> checkbox by positioning it offscreen. When clicking the label associated with the <input> element, it sets the <input> checkbox into the :checked state.
                 
                   
                1. The for attribute associates the <label> with the appropriate <input> checkbox element by its id.
                  2.  
                2. .switch::after defines a pseudo-element for the <label> to create the circular knob.
                  3.  
                3. input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch::after targets the <label>'s pseudo-element's style when the checkbox is checked.
                  4.  
                4. transform: translateX(20px) moves the pseudo-element (knob) 20px to the right when the checkbox is checked.
                  5.  
                5. background-color: #7983ff; sets the background-color of the switch to a different color when the checkbox is checked.
                  6.  
                6. .offscreen moves the <input> checkbox element, which does not comprise any part of the actual toggle switch, out of the flow of document and positions it far away from the view, but does not hide it so it is accessible via keyboard and screen readers.
                  7.  
                7. transition: all 0.3s specifies all property changes will be transitioned over 0.3 seconds, therefore transitioning the <label>'s background-color and the pseudo-element's transform property when the checkbox is checked.
                  8.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 93.7% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support.
                    
                 
                 
                Transform centeringlayout
                 
                Vertically and horizontally centers a child element within its parent element using position: absolute and transform: translate() (as an alternative to flexbox or display: table). Similar to flexbox, this method does not require you to know the height or width of your parent or child so it is ideal for responsive applications.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="parent"><div class="child">Centered content</div></div>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                   
                  
                Explanation
                 
                This effect is styling only the <label> element to look like a toggle switch, and hiding the actual <input> checkbox by positioning it offscreen. When clicking the label associated with the <input> element, it sets the <input> checkbox into the :checked state.
                 
                   
                1. The for attribute associates the <label> with the appropriate <input> checkbox element by its id.
                  2.  
                2. .switch::after defines a pseudo-element for the <label> to create the circular knob.
                  3.  
                3. input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch::after targets the <label>'s pseudo-element's style when the checkbox is checked.
                  4.  
                4. transform: translateX(20px) moves the pseudo-element (knob) 20px to the right when the checkbox is checked.
                  5.  
                5. background-color: #7983ff; sets the background-color of the switch to a different color when the checkbox is checked.
                  6.  
                6. .offscreen moves the <input> checkbox element, which does not comprise any part of the actual toggle switch, out of the flow of document and positions it far away from the view, but does not hide it so it is accessible via keyboard and screen readers.
                  7.  
                7. transition: all 0.3s specifies all property changes will be transitioned over 0.3 seconds, therefore transitioning the <label>'s background-color and the pseudo-element's transform property when the checkbox is checked.
                  8.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 95.5% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support.
                    
                 
                 
                Transform centeringlayout
                 
                Vertically and horizontally centers a child element within its parent element using position: absolute and transform: translate() (as an alternative to flexbox or display: table). Similar to flexbox, this method does not require you to know the height or width of your parent or child so it is ideal for responsive applications.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="parent">
+  <div class="child">Centered content</div>
+</div>
 
                 
                CSS
                .parent {
   border: 1px solid #333;
   height: 250px;
@@ -623,7 +611,7 @@ input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch {
   transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
   text-align: center;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                Centered content
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. position: absolute on the child element allows it to be positioned based on its containing block.
                  2.  
                2. left: 50% and top: 50% offsets the child 50% from the left and top edge of its containing block.
                  3.  
                3. transform: translate(-50%, -50%) allows the height and width of the child element to be negated so that it is vertically and horizontally centered.
                  4.  
                 
                Note: Fixed height and width on parent element is for the demo only.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 99+% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Requires prefix for full support.
                   
                 
                 
                Trianglevisual
                 
                Creates a triangle shape with pure CSS.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="triangle"></div>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                Centered content
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. position: absolute on the child element allows it to be positioned based on its containing block.
                  2.  
                2. left: 50% and top: 50% offsets the child 50% from the left and top edge of its containing block.
                  3.  
                3. transform: translate(-50%, -50%) allows the height and width of the child element to be negated so that it is vertically and horizontally centered.
                  4.  
                 
                Note: Fixed height and width on parent element is for the demo only.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 99+% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Requires prefix for full support.
                   
                 
                 
                Trianglevisual
                 
                Creates a triangle shape with pure CSS.
                 
                HTML
                <div class="triangle"></div>
 
                 
                CSS
                .triangle {
   width: 0;
   height: 0;
@@ -631,21 +619,11 @@ input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch {
   border-left: 20px solid transparent;
   border-right: 20px solid transparent;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                View this link for a detailed explanation.
                 
                The color of the border is the color of the triangle. The side the triangle tip points corresponds to the opposite border-* property. For example, a color on border-top means the arrow points downward.
                 
                Experiment with the px values to change the proportion of the triangle.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 99+% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                  
                 
                 
                Truncate textlayout
                 
                If the text is longer than one line, it will be truncated and end with an ellipsis ….
                 
                HTML
                <p class="truncate-text">If I exceed one line's width, I will be truncated.</p>
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                 View this link for a detailed explanation. 
                 
                The color of the border is the color of the triangle. The side the triangle tip points corresponds to the opposite border-* property. For example, a color on border-top means the arrow points downward.
                 
                Experiment with the px values to change the proportion of the triangle.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 99+% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                  
                 
                 
                Truncate textlayout
                 
                If the text is longer than one line, it will be truncated and end with an ellipsis ….
                 
                HTML
                <p class="truncate-text">If I exceed one line's width, I will be truncated.</p>
 
                 
                CSS
                .truncate-text {
   overflow: hidden;
   white-space: nowrap;
   text-overflow: ellipsis;
   width: 200px;
 }
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                If I exceed one line's width, I will be truncated.
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. overflow: hidden prevents the text from overflowing its dimensions (for a block, 100% width and auto height).
                  2.  
                2. white-space: nowrap prevents the text from exceeding one line in height.
                  3.  
                3. text-overflow: ellipsis makes it so that if the text exceeds its dimensions, it will end with an ellipsis.
                  4.  
                4. width: 200px; ensures the element has a dimension, to know when to get ellipsis
                  5.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 95.8% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Only works for single line elements.
                   
                 
                 
                Zebra striped listvisual
                 
                Creates a striped list with alternating background colors, which is useful for differentiating siblings that have content spread across a wide row.
                 
                HTML
                <ul>
-  <li>Item 01</li>
-  <li>Item 02</li>
-  <li>Item 03</li>
-  <li>Item 04</li>
-  <li>Item 05</li>
-</ul>
-
                 
                CSS
                li:nth-child(odd) {
-  background-color: #eee;
-}
-
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                   
                • Item 01
                  •  
                • Item 02
                  •  
                • Item 03
                  •  
                • Item 04
                  •  
                • Item 05
                  •  
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. Use the :nth-child(odd) or :nth-child(even) pseudo-class to apply a different background color to elements that match based on their position in a group of siblings.
                  2.  
                 
                Note that you can use it to apply different styles to other HTML elements like div, tr, p, ol, etc.
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 95.9% 
                 
                 
                ✅ No caveats.
                 
                https://caniuse.com/#feat=css-sel3
                   
                 
                 
                 
                  
\ No newline at end of file
+
                 
                Demo
                 
                 
                If I exceed one line's width, I will be truncated.
                 
                  
                Explanation
                 
                   
                1. overflow: hidden prevents the text from overflowing its dimensions (for a block, 100% width and auto height).
                  2.  
                2. white-space: nowrap prevents the text from exceeding one line in height.
                  3.  
                3. text-overflow: ellipsis makes it so that if the text exceeds its dimensions, it will end with an ellipsis.
                  4.  
                4. width: 200px; ensures the element has a dimension, to know when to get ellipsis
                  5.  
                 
                Browser support
                 
                 
                 98.4% 
                 
                 
                ⚠️ Only works for single line elements.
                   
                 
                 
                 
                  
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index d1910cd78..55e18d71d 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -4,23 +4,15 @@
     
     
     30 Seconds of CSS
-    
     
-    
-    
-    
-    
-    
-    
-    
-    
-    
-    
+    
     
     
   
   
-    
+    
     
@@ -70,7 +97,20 @@
       
       
                
         
                
-          
+          
           
                
             
                Bouncing loaderanimation
                
             
                Creates a bouncing loader animation.
                
@@ -81,9 +121,13 @@
 </div>

    CSS

    @keyframes bouncing-loader {
+  from {
+    opacity: 1;
+    transform: translateY(0);
+  }
   to {
     opacity: 0.1;
-    transform: translate3d(0, -1rem, 0);
+    transform: translateY(-1rem);
   }
 }
 .bouncing-loader {
@@ -113,41 +157,51 @@
                 
    
               
             
-            
+            
             
    Explanation
    
             
    Note: 1rem is usually 16px.
    
             
      
               
    1. 
-                
      @keyframes defines an animation that has two states, where the element changes opacity and is translated up on the 2D plane using transform: translate3d(). Using a single axis translation on transform: translate3d() improves the performance of the animation.
      
+                
      @keyframes defines an animation that has two states, where the element changes opacity and is translated up on the 2D plane using transform: translateY().
      
               
      2. 
               
    2. 
-                
      .bouncing-loader is the parent container of the bouncing circles and uses display: flex
-                  and justify-content: center to position them in the center.
      
+                
      .bouncing-loader is the parent container of the bouncing circles and uses display: flex and justify-content: center to position them in the center.
      
               
      3. 
               
    3. 
-                
      .bouncing-loader > div, targets the three child divs of the parent to be styled. The divs are given a width and height of 1rem, using border-radius: 50% to turn them from squares to circles.
      
+                
      .bouncing-loader > div, targets the three child divs of the parent to be styled. The divs are given a width and height of 1rem, using border-radius: 50% to turn them from
+                  squares to circles.
      
               
      4. 
               
    4. 
-                
      margin: 3rem 0.2rem specifies that each circle has a top/bottom margin of 3rem and left/right margin
-                  of 0.2rem so that they do not directly touch each other, giving them some breathing room.
      
+                
      margin: 3rem 0.2rem specifies that each circle has a top/bottom margin of 3rem and left/right margin of 0.2rem so that they do not directly touch each other, giving them some breathing room.
      
               
      5. 
               
    5. 
                 
      animation is a shorthand property for the various animation properties: animation-name, animation-duration, animation-iteration-count, animation-direction are used.
      
@@ -162,12 +216,14 @@
             
      Browser support
      
             
      
               
      
-                93.4%
+                95.3%
               
      
             
      
             
      ✅ No caveats.
      
             
 
             
@@ -204,23 +260,28 @@
               
      border-box
      
               
      content-box
      
             
-            
+            
             
      Explanation
      
             
        
               
      1. box-sizing: border-box makes the addition of padding or borders not affect an element's width or height.
        2. 
@@ -229,12 +290,14 @@
             
        Browser support
        
             
        
               
        
-                95.9%
+                98.4%
               
        
             
        
             
        ✅ No caveats.
        
             
 
             
@@ -254,43 +317,46 @@
             
        
               
        
             
        
-            
-            
        If you want to align a background-image from right and bottom wasn't possible with just straight length values.
-              So now it's possible using calc():
        
+            
+            
        If you want to align a background-image from right and bottom wasn't possible with just straight length values. So now it's possible using calc():
        
             
        
               
        Background-image in the right/bottom
        
             
        
             
+                height: 280px;
+                display: flex;
+                align-items: center;
+                justify-content: center;
+                color: #fff;
+                background: #222 url('https://image.ibb.co/fUL9nS/wolf.png') no-repeat;
+                background-position: calc(100% - 20px) calc(100% - 40px);
+              }
+            
             
        Explanation
        
             
          
               
        1. It allows addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
          2. 
               
        2. Can use different units (pixel and percent together, for example) for each value in your expression.
          3. 
               
        3. It is permitted to nest calc() functions.
          4. 
-              
        4. It can be used in any property that <length>, <frequency>, <angle>, <time>, <number>, <color>, or <integer> is allowed, like width, height, font-size, top, left, etc.
          5. 
+              
        5. It can be used in any property that <length>, <frequency>, <angle>, <time>, <number>, <color>, or <integer>                is allowed, like width, height, font-size, top, left, etc.
          6. 
             
        
             
        Browser support
        
             
        
               
        
-                93.0%
+                94.9%
               
        
             
        
             
        ✅ No caveats.
        
             
 
             
@@ -311,25 +377,28 @@
             
        
               
        
             
        
-            
+            
             
        Explanation
        
             
        border-radius: 50% curves the borders of an element to create a circle.
        
-            
        Since a circle has the same radius at any given point, the width and height must be the same. Differing
-              values will create an ellipse.
        
+            
        Since a circle has the same radius at any given point, the width and height must be the same. Differing values will create an ellipse.
        
             
        Browser support
        
             
        
               
        
-                93.7%
+                95.5%
               
        
             
        
             
        ✅ No caveats.
        
             
 
             
@@ -361,19 +430,21 @@
                 
        float c
        
               
             
-            
+            
             
        Explanation
        
             
          
               
        1. .clearfix::after defines a pseudo-element.
          2. 
               
        2. content: '' allows the pseudo-element to affect layout.
          3. 
-              
        3. clear: both indicates that the left, right or both sides of the element cannot be adjacent
-                to earlier floated elements within the same block formatting context.
          4. 
+              
        4. clear: both indicates that the left, right or both sides of the element cannot be adjacent to earlier floated elements within the same block formatting context.
          5. 
             
        
             
        Browser support
        
             
        
@@ -387,8 +458,7 @@
           
        
           
        
             
        Constant width to height ratiolayout
        
-            
        Given an element of variable width, it will ensure its height remains proportionate in a responsive fashion
-              (i.e., its width to height ratio remains constant).
        
+            
        Given an element of variable width, it will ensure its height remains proportionate in a responsive fashion (i.e., its width to height ratio remains constant).
        
             
        HTML
        <div class="constant-width-to-height-ratio"></div>
 
        
             
        CSS
        .constant-width-to-height-ratio {
@@ -410,22 +480,26 @@
             
        
               
        
             
        
-            
+            
             
        Explanation
        
-            
        padding-top on the ::before pseudo-element causes the height of the element to equal a percentage of
-              its width. 100% therefore means the element's height will always be 100% of the width, creating a responsive
-              square.
        
+            
        padding-top on the ::before pseudo-element causes the height of the element to equal a percentage of its width. 100% therefore means the element's height will always be 100% of the width,
+              creating a responsive square.
+            
        
             
        This method also allows content to be placed inside the element normally.
        
             
        Browser support
        
             
        
@@ -476,40 +550,47 @@ li::before {
                 
               
             
        
-            
+            
             
        Explanation
        
             
        You can create a ordered list using any type of HTML.
        
             
          
               
        1. 
-                
          counter-reset Initializes a counter, the value is the name of the counter. By default, the counter starts at 0. This property can also be used to change its value to any specific number.
          
+                
          counter-reset Initializes a counter, the value is the name of the counter. By default, the counter starts in 0. This property can also be used to change its value to any specific number.
          
               
          2. 
               
        2. 
                 
          counter-increment Used in element that will be countable. Once counter-reset initialized, a counter's value can be increased or decreased.
          
               
          3. 
               
        3. 
-                
          counter(name, style) Displays the value of a section counter. Generally used in a content property. This function can receive two parameters, the first as the name of the counter and the second one can be decimal or upper-roman (decimal by default).
          
+                
          counter(name, style) Displays the value of a section counter. Generally used in a content property. This function can receive two parameters, the first as the name of the counter and the second one can be decimal                  or upper-roman (decimal by default).
          
               
          4. 
               
        4. 
-                
          counters(counter, string, style) Displays the value of a section counter. Generally used in a content property. This function can receive three parameters, the first as the name of the counter, the second one you can include a string which comes after the counter and the third one can be decimal or upper-roman (decimal by default).
          
+                
          counters(counter, string, style) Displays the value of a section counter. Generally used in a content property. This function can receive three parameters, the first as the name of the counter, the second one
+                  you can include a string which comes after the counter and the third one can be decimal or upper-roman (decimal by default).
          
               
          5. 
               
        5. 
-                
          A CSS counter can be especially useful for making outlined lists, because a new instance of the counter is automatically created in child elements. Using the counters() function, separating text can be inserted between different levels of nested counters.
          
+                
          A CSS counter can be especially useful for making outlined lists, because a new instance of the counter is automatically created in child elements. Using the counters() function, separating text can be inserted between different
+                  levels of nested counters.
          
               
          6. 
             
        
             
        Browser support
        
             
        
               
        
-                95.9%
+                98.4%
               
        
             
        
             
        ✅ No caveats.
        
             
 
             
@@ -519,9 +600,9 @@ li::before {
             
        Customizes the scrollbar style for the document and elements with scrollable overflow, on WebKit platforms.
        
             
        HTML
        <div class="custom-scrollbar">
   <p>
-    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.<br />
-    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br />
-    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br />
+    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.<br>
+    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br>
+    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br>
     Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
   </p>
 </div>
@@ -547,43 +628,52 @@ li::before {
             
        
               
        
                 
        
-                  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.
        
-                  Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, 
        
-                  molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. 
        
-                  Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
+                  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.
+                  
         Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae,
+                  
         molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi.
+                  
         Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
                 
        
               
        
             
        
-            
+            
             
        Explanation
        
             
          
               
        1. ::-webkit-scrollbar targets the whole scrollbar element.
          2. 
               
        2. ::-webkit-scrollbar-track targets only the scrollbar track.
          3. 
               
        3. ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb targets the scrollbar thumb.
          4. 
             
        
-            
        There are many other pseudo-elements that you can use to style scrollbars. For more info, visit the WebKit Blog.
        
+            
        There are many other pseudo-elements that you can use to style scrollbars. For more info, visit the
+              WebKit Blog.
        
             
        Browser support
        
             
        
               
        
-                86.7%
+                88.0%
               
        
             
        
             
        ⚠️ Scrollbar styling doesn't appear to be on any standards track.
        
             
 
             
@@ -606,25 +696,30 @@ li::before {
             
        
               
        Select some of this text.
        
             
        
-            
+            
             
        Explanation
        
             
        ::selection defines a pseudo selector on an element to style text within it when selected. Note that if you don't combine any other selector your style will be applied at document root level, to any selectable element.
        
             
        Browser support
        
             
        
               
        
-                82.5%
+                84.9%
               
        
             
        
             
        ⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support and is not actually
 in any specification.
        
             
 
             
@@ -652,18 +747,21 @@ in any specification.
        
             
        
               
        CSS is awesome!
        
             
        
-            
+            
             
        Explanation
        
             
        The variables are defined globally within the :root CSS pseudo-class which matches the root element of a tree representing the document. Variables can also be scoped to a selector if defined within the block.
        
             
        Declare a variable with --variable-name:.
        
@@ -671,12 +769,14 @@ in any specification.
        
             
        Browser support
        
             
        
               
        
-                87.6%
+                88.0%
               
        
             
        
             
        ✅ No caveats.
        
             
 
             
@@ -696,21 +796,25 @@ in any specification.
        
               
        You can select me.
        
               
        You can't select me!
        
             
        
-            
+            
             
        Explanation
        
             
        user-select: none specifies that the text cannot be selected.
        
             
        Browser support
        
             
        
               
        
-                89.2%
+                87.2%
               
        
             
        
             
        ⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support.
               ⚠️ This is not a secure method to prevent users from copying content.
        
             
 
             
@@ -719,7 +823,9 @@ in any specification.
        
             
        Display table centeringlayout
        
             
        Vertically and horizontally centers a child element within its parent element using display: table (as an alternative to flexbox).
        
             
        HTML
        <div class="container">
-  <div class="center"><span>Centered content</span></div>
+  <div class="center">
+    <span>Centered content</span>
+  </div>
 </div>
 
        
             
        CSS
        .container {
@@ -741,22 +847,28 @@ in any specification.
        
             
        Demo
        
             
        
               
        
-                
        Centered content
        
+                
        
+                  Centered content
+                
        
               
        
             
        
-            
+            
             
        Explanation
        
             
          
               
        1. display: table on '.center' allows the element to behave like a <table> HTML element.
          2. 
@@ -774,7 +886,9 @@ in any specification.
          
             
             
          ✅ No caveats.
          
             
 
             
@@ -806,33 +920,41 @@ in any specification.
          
             
          
               
          
             
          
-            
+            
             
          Explanation
          
-            
          Use a semi-transparent border for the whole element, except one side that will
-              serve as the loading indicator for the donut. Use animation to rotate the element.
          
+            
          Use a semi-transparent border for the whole element, except one side that will serve as the loading indicator for the donut. Use animation to rotate the element.
          
             
          Browser support
          
             
          
               
          
-                93.4%
+                95.3%
               
          
             
          
             
          ⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support.
          
             
 
             
@@ -865,23 +987,26 @@ in any specification.
          
             
          
               
          
             
          
-            
+            
             
          Explanation
          
             
            
               
          1. position: relative on the element establishes a Cartesian positioning context for psuedo-elements.
            2. 
@@ -898,20 +1023,21 @@ in any specification.
            
             
            Browser support
            
             
            
               
            
-                90.2%
+                91.7%
               
            
             
            
             
            ⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support.
            
             
 
             
           
           
            
             
            Easing variablesanimation
            
-            
            Variables that can be reused for transition-timing-function properties, more
-              powerful than the built-in ease, ease-in, ease-out and ease-in-out.
            
+            
            Variables that can be reused for transition-timing-function properties, more powerful than the built-in ease, ease-in, ease-out and ease-in-out.
            
             
            HTML
            <div class="easing-variables">Hover</div>
 
            
             
            CSS
            :root {
@@ -954,50 +1080,57 @@ in any specification.
            
             
            
               
            Hover
            
             
            
-            
+            
             
            Explanation
            
-            
            The variables are defined globally within the :root CSS pseudo-class which matches the root element of a tree representing the document. In HTML, :root represents the <html> element and is identical to the selector html, except that its specificity is higher.
            
+            
            The variables are defined globally within the :root CSS pseudo-class which matches the root element of a tree representing the document. In HTML, :root represents the <html> element and is identical
+              to the selector html, except that its specificity is higher.
            
             
            Browser support
            
             
            
               
            
-                87.6%
+                88.0%
               
            
             
            
             
            ✅ No caveats.
            
             
 
             
@@ -1018,27 +1151,29 @@ in any specification.
            
             
            
               
            I appear etched into the background.
            
             
            
-            
+            
             
            Explanation
            
-            
            text-shadow: 0 2px white creates a white shadow offset 0px horizontally and 2px vertically
-              from the origin position.
            
+            
            text-shadow: 0 2px white creates a white shadow offset 0px horizontally and 2px vertically from the origin position.
            
             
            The background must be darker than the shadow for the effect to work.
            
-            
            The text color should be slightly faded to make it look like it's engraved/carved out
-              of the background.
            
+            
            The text color should be slightly faded to make it look like it's engraved/carved out of the background.
            
             
            Browser support
            
             
            
               
            
-                95.5%
+                98.1%
               
            
             
            
             
            ✅ No caveats.
            
             
 
             
@@ -1065,10 +1200,12 @@ in any specification.
            
                 
            Item3
            
               
            
             
-            
+            
             
            Explanation
            
             
              
               
            1. display: flex enables flexbox.
              2. 
@@ -1078,77 +1215,24 @@ in any specification.
              
             
              Browser support
              
             
              
               
              
-                95.5%
+                98.1%
               
              
             
              
             
              ⚠️ Needs prefixes for full support.
              
             
 
             
           
-          
              
-            
              Fit image in containerlayoutvisual
              
-            
              Changes the fit and position of an image within its container while preserving its aspect ratio. Previously only possible using a background image and the background-size property.
              
-            
              HTML
              <img class="image image-contain" src="https://picsum.photos/600/200" />
-<img class="image image-cover" src="https://picsum.photos/600/200" />
-
              
-            
              CSS
              .image {
-  background: #34495e;
-  border: 1px solid #34495e;
-  width: 200px;
-  height: 200px;
-}
-.image-contain {
-  object-fit: contain;
-  object-position: center;
-}
-.image-cover {
-  object-fit: cover;
-  object-position: right top;
-}
-
              
-            
              Demo
              
-            
              
-              
              
-            
-            
              Explanation
              
-            
                
-              
              • object-fit: contain fits the entire image within the container while preserving its aspect ratio.
                • 
-              
              • object-fit: cover fills the container with the image while preserving its aspect ratio.
                • 
-              
              • object-position: [x] [y] positions the image within the container.
                • 
-            
              
-            
              Browser support
              
-            
              
-              
              
-                91.5%
-              
              
-            
              
-            
              ✅ No caveats.
              
-            
-
-            
-
-            
-          
              
           
              
             
              Flexbox centeringlayout
              
             
              Horizontally and vertically centers a child element within a parent element using flexbox.
              
-            
              HTML
              <div class="flexbox-centering"><div class="child">Centered content.</div></div>
+            
              HTML
              <div class="flexbox-centering">
+  <div class="child">Centered content.</div>
+</div>
 
              
             
              CSS
              .flexbox-centering {
   display: flex;
@@ -1163,12 +1247,14 @@ in any specification.
              
                 
              Centered content.
              
               
              
             
-            
+            
             
              Explanation
              
             
                
               
              1. display: flex enables flexbox.
                2. 
@@ -1178,12 +1264,14 @@ in any specification.
                
             
                Browser support
                
             
                
               
                
-                95.5%
+                98.1%
               
                
             
                
             
                ⚠️ Needs prefixes for full support.
                
             
 
             
@@ -1203,27 +1291,30 @@ in any specification.
                
             
                
               
                Gradient text
                
             
                
-            
+            
             
                Explanation
                
             
                  
               
                1. background: -webkit-linear-gradient(...) gives the text element a gradient background.
                  2. 
               
                2. webkit-text-fill-color: transparent fills the text with a transparent color.
                  3. 
-              
                3. webkit-background-clip: text clips the background with the text, filling the text with
-                the gradient background as the color.
                  4. 
+              
                4. webkit-background-clip: text clips the background with the text, filling the text with the gradient background as the color.
                  5. 
             
                
             
                Browser support
                
             
                
               
                
-                90.1%
+                91.5%
               
                
             
                
             
                ⚠️ Uses non-standard properties.
                
             
 
             
@@ -1231,7 +1322,9 @@ in any specification.
                
           
                
             
                Grid centeringlayout
                
             
                Horizontally and vertically centers a child element within a parent element using grid.
                
-            
                HTML
                <div class="grid-centering"><div class="child">Centered content.</div></div>
+            
                HTML
                <div class="grid-centering">
+  <div class="child">Centered content.</div>
+</div>
 
                
             
                CSS
                .grid-centering {
   display: grid;
@@ -1246,12 +1339,14 @@ in any specification.
                
                 
                Centered content.
                
               
                
             
-            
+            
             
                Explanation
                
             
                  
               
                1. display: grid enables grid.
                  2. 
@@ -1261,20 +1356,21 @@ in any specification.
                  
             
                  Browser support
                  
             
                  
               
                  
-                88.3%
+                87.6%
               
                  
             
                  
             
                  ✅ No caveats.
                  
             
 
             
           
           
                  
             
                  Hairline bordervisual
                  
-            
                  Gives an element a border equal to 1 native device pixel in width, which can look
-              very sharp and crisp.
                  
+            
                  Gives an element a border equal to 1 native device pixel in width, which can look very sharp and crisp.
                  
             
                  HTML
                  <div class="hairline-border">text</div>
 
                  
             
                  CSS
                  .hairline-border {
@@ -1300,34 +1396,45 @@ in any specification.
                  
             
                  
               
                  text
                  
             
                  
-            
+            
             
                  Explanation
                  
             
                    
               
                  1. box-shadow, when only using spread, adds a pseudo-border which can use subpixels*.
                    2. 
-              
                  2. Use @media (min-resolution: ...) to check the device pixel ratio (1dppx equals 96 DPI),
-                setting the spread of the box-shadow equal to 1 / dppx.
                    3. 
+              
                  3. Use @media (min-resolution: ...) to check the device pixel ratio (1dppx equals 96 DPI), setting the spread of the box-shadow equal to 1 / dppx.
                    4. 
             
                  
             
                  Browser Support
                  
             
                  
               
                  
-                93.7%
+                95.5%
               
                  
             
                  
             
                  ⚠️ Needs alternate syntax and JavaScript user agent checking for full support.
                  
             
             
                  
             
                  *Chrome does not support subpixel values on border. Safari does not support subpixel values on box-shadow. Firefox supports subpixel values on both.
                  
@@ -1362,37 +1469,40 @@ el.style.setProperty('--max-height', height + 'px')
                 
                  content
                  
               
                  
             
-            
-            
+            
+            
             
                  Explanation
                  
             
                  CSS
                  
             
                    
               
                  1. transition: max-height: 0.5s cubic-bezier(...) specifies that changes to max-height should be transitioned over 0.5 seconds, using an ease-out-quint timing function.
                    2. 
               
                  2. overflow: hidden prevents the contents of the hidden element from overflowing its container.
                    3. 
               
                  3. max-height: 0 specifies that the element has no height initially.
                    4. 
-              
                  4. .target:hover > .el specifies that when the parent is hovered over, target a child .el within
-                it and use the --max-height variable which was defined by JavaScript.
                    5. 
+              
                  5. .target:hover > .el specifies that when the parent is hovered over, target a child .el within it and use the --max-height variable which was defined by JavaScript.
                    6. 
             
                  
             
                  JavaScript
                  
             
                    
-              
                  1. el.scrollHeight is the height of the element including overflow, which will change dynamically
-                based on the content of the element.
                    2. 
+              
                  2. el.scrollHeight is the height of the element including overflow, which will change dynamically based on the content of the element.
                    3. 
               
                  3. el.style.setProperty(...) sets the --max-height CSS variable which is used to specify the max-height of the element the target is hovered over, allowing it to transition smoothly from 0 to auto.
                    4. 
             
                  
             
                  Browser Support
                  
             
                  
               
                  
-                87.6%
+                88.0%
               
                  
             
                  
             
                  
@@ -1403,71 +1513,12 @@ el.style.setProperty('--max-height', height + 'px')
 
             
                  
             
-
-            
-          
-          
                  
-            
                  Hover Shadow Box Animationanimation
                  
-            
                  Creates a shadow box around the text whern it is hovered.
                  
-            
                  HTML
                  <p class="hover-shadow-box-animation">Box it!</p>
-
                  
-            
                  CSS
                  .hover-shadow-box-animation {
-  display: inline-block;
-  vertical-align: middle;
-  transform: perspective(1px) translateZ(0);
-  box-shadow: 0 0 1px transparent;
-  margin: 10px;
-  transition-duration: 0.3s;
-  transition-property: box-shadow, transform;
-}
-.hover-shadow-box-animation:hover,
-.hover-shadow-box-animation:focus,
-.hover-shadow-box-animation:active {
-  box-shadow: 1px 10px 10px -10px rgba(0, 0, 24, 0.5);
-  transform: scale(1.2);
-}
-
                  
-            
                  Demo
                  
-            
                  
-              
                  Box it!
                  
-            
                  
-            
-            
                  Explanation
                  
-            
                    
-              
                  1. display: inline-block to set width and length for p element thus making it an inline-block.
                    2. 
-              
                  2. Set transform: perspective(1px) to give element a 3D space by affecting the distance between the Z plane and the user and translate(0) to reposition the p element along z-axis in 3D space.
                    3. 
-              
                  3. box-shadow: to set up the box.
                    4. 
-              
                  4. transparent to make box transparent.
                    5. 
-              
                  5. transition-property to enable transitions for both box-shadow and transform.
                    6. 
-              
                  6. :hover to activate whole css when hovering is done until active.
                    7. 
-              
                  7. transform: scale(1.2) to change the scale, magnifying the text.
                    8. 
-            
                  
-            
                  Browser Support
                  
-            
                  
-              
                  
-                93.3%
-              
                  
-            
                  
-            
                  ✅ No caveats.
                  
-            
 
             
@@ -1475,7 +1526,11 @@ el.style.setProperty('--max-height', height + 'px')
           
                  
             
                  Hover underline animationanimation
                  
             
                  Creates an animated underline effect when the text is hovered over.
                  
-            
                  Credit: https://flatuicolors.com/
                  
+            
                  
+              Credit:
+                https://flatuicolors.com/
+              
+            
                  
             
                  HTML
                  <p class="hover-underline-animation">Hover this text to see the effect!</p>
 
                  
             
                  CSS
                  .hover-underline-animation {
@@ -1504,57 +1559,63 @@ el.style.setProperty('--max-height', height + 'px')
             
                  
               
                  Hover this text to see the effect!
                  
             
                  
-            
+            
             
                  Explanation
                  
             
                    
-              
                  1. display: inline-block makes the block p an inline-block to prevent the underline from
-                spanning the entire parent width rather than just the content (text).
                    2. 
+              
                  2. display: inline-block makes the block p an inline-block to prevent the underline from spanning the entire parent width rather than just the content (text).
                    3. 
               
                  3. position: relative on the element establishes a Cartesian positioning context for pseudo-elements.
                    4. 
               
                  4. ::after defines a pseudo-element.
                    5. 
               
                  5. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
                    6. 
               
                  6. width: 100% ensures the pseudo-element spans the entire width of the text block.
                    7. 
               
                  7. transform: scaleX(0) initially scales the pseudo element to 0 so it has no width and is not visible.
                    8. 
               
                  8. bottom: 0 and left: 0 position it to the bottom left of the block.
                    9. 
-              
                  9. transition: transform 0.25s ease-out means changes to transform will be transitioned over 0.25 seconds
-                with an ease-out timing function.
                    10. 
+              
                  10. transition: transform 0.25s ease-out means changes to transform will be transitioned over 0.25 seconds with an ease-out timing function.
                    11. 
               
                  11. transform-origin: bottom right means the transform anchor point is positioned at the bottom right of the block.
                    12. 
-              
                  12. :hover::after then uses scaleX(1) to transition the width to 100%, then changes the transform-origin
-                to bottom left so that the anchor point is reversed, allowing it transition out in the other direction when
-                hovered off.
                    13. 
+              
                  13. :hover::after then uses scaleX(1) to transition the width to 100%, then changes the transform-origin to bottom left so that the anchor point is reversed, allowing it transition out in the
+                other direction when hovered off.
                    14. 
             
                  
             
                  Browser support
                  
             
                  
               
                  
-                93.5%
+                95.4%
               
                  
             
                  
             
                  ✅ No caveats.
                  
             
 
             
           
                  
           
                  
+            New
             
                  Last item with remaining available heightlayout
                  
             
                  Take advantage of available viewport space by giving the last element the remaining available space in current viewport, even when resizing the window.
                  
             
                  HTML
                  <div class="container">
@@ -1586,18 +1647,22 @@ body {
                 
                  Div 3
                  
               
                  
             
                  
-            
+            
             
                  Explanation
                  
             
                    
               
                  1. height: 100% set the height of container as viewport height.
                    2. 
@@ -1609,12 +1674,14 @@ body {
             
                    Browser support
                    
             
                    
               
                    
-                95.5%
+                98.1%
               
                    
             
                    
             
                    ⚠️ Needs prefixes for full support.
                    
             
 
             
@@ -1624,8 +1691,14 @@ body {
           
                    
             
                    Mouse cursor gradient trackingvisualinteractivity
                    
             
                    A hover effect where the gradient follows the mouse cursor.
                    
-            
                    Credit: Tobias Reich
                    
-            
                    HTML
                    <button class="mouse-cursor-gradient-tracking"><span>Hover me</span></button>
+            
                    
+              Credit:
+                Tobias Reich
+              
+            
                    
+            
                    HTML
                    <button class="mouse-cursor-gradient-tracking">
+  <span>Hover me</span>
+</button>
 
                    
             
                    CSS
                    .mouse-cursor-gradient-tracking {
   position: relative;
@@ -1666,48 +1739,59 @@ btn.onmousemove = function(e) {
 }
 
                    
             
                    Demo
                    
-            
                    
-            
-            
+            
                    
+              
+            
                    
+            
+            
             
                    Explanation
                    
             
                    TODO
                    
             
                    Browser support
                    
             
                    
               
                    
-                87.6%
+                88.0%
               
                    
             
                    
             
                    
@@ -1715,7 +1799,9 @@ btn.onmousemove = function(e) {
             ⚠️ Requires JavaScript.
             
                    
             
 
             
@@ -1754,38 +1840,48 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
                 
                  2. Four
                    3. 
               
             
                    
-            
+            
             
                    Explanation
                    
-            
                    li:not(:last-child) specifies that the styles should apply to all li elements except
-              the :last-child.
                    
+            
                    li:not(:last-child) specifies that the styles should apply to all li elements except the :last-child.
                    
             
                    Browser support
                    
             
                    
               
                    
-                95.9%
+                98.4%
               
                    
             
                    
             
                    ✅ No caveats.
                    
             
 
             
           
           
                    
             
                    Offscreenlayoutvisual
                    
-            
                    A bulletproof way to completely hide an element visually and positionally in the DOM while still allowing it to be accessed by JavaScript and readable by screen readers. This method is very useful for accessibility (ADA) development when more context is needed for visually-impaired users. As an alternative to display: none which is not readable by screen readers or visibility: hidden which takes up physical space in the DOM.
                    
+            
                    A bulletproof way to completely hide an element visually and positionally in the DOM while still allowing it to be accessed by JavaScript and readable by screen readers. This method is very useful for accessibility (
+              ADA) development when more context is needed for visually-impaired users. As an alternative to display: none which is not readable by screen readers or visibility: hidden which takes up physical space in the
+              DOM.
                    
             
                    HTML
                    <a class="button" href="http://pantswebsite.com">
-  Learn More <span class="offscreen"> about pants</span>
+  Learn More
+  <span class="offscreen"> about pants</span>
 </a>
 
                    
             
                    CSS
                    .offscreen {
@@ -1800,19 +1896,24 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
 }
 
                    
             
                    Demo
                    
-            
                    
-                Learn More  about pants
-              
                    
-            
+            
                    
+              
+                Learn More
+                 about pants
+              
+            
                    
+            
             
                    Explanation
                    
             
                      
               
                    1. Remove all borders.
                      2. 
@@ -1832,7 +1933,9 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                      ✅ No caveats.
                      
             
                      (Although clip technically has been depreciated, the newer clip-path currently has very limited browser support.)
                      
             
 
             
@@ -1842,13 +1945,13 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                      Adds a fading gradient to an overflowing element to better indicate there is more content to be scrolled.
                      
             
                      HTML
                      <div class="overflow-scroll-gradient">
   <div class="overflow-scroll-gradient__scroller">
-    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. <br />
-    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br />
-    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br />
-    Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? <br />
-    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.<br />
-    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br />
-    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br />
+    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. <br>
+    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br>
+    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br>
+    Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? <br>
+    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.<br>
+    Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, <br>
+    molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. <br>
     Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
   </div>
 </div>
@@ -1881,45 +1984,47 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                      
               
                      
                 
                      
-                  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. 
                      
-                  Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, 
                      
-                  molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. 
                      
-                  Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit? 
                      
-                  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.
                      
-                  Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, 
                      
-                  molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. 
                      
-                  Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
+                  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.
+                  
                       Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae,
+                  
                       molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi.
+                  
                       Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
+                  
                       Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit.
+                  
                       Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae,
+                  
                       molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi.
+                  
                       Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
                 
                      
               
                      
             
                      
-            
+            
             
                      Explanation
                      
             
                        
               
                      1. position: relative on the parent establishes a Cartesian positioning context for pseudo-elements.
                        2. 
               
                      2. ::after defines a pseudo element.
                        3. 
-              
                      3. background-image: linear-gradient(...) adds a linear gradient that fades from transparent to white
-                (top to bottom).
                        4. 
+              
                      4. background-image: linear-gradient(...) adds a linear gradient that fades from transparent to white (top to bottom).
                        5. 
               
                      5. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
                        6. 
-              
                      6. width: 240px matches the size of the scrolling element (which is a child of the parent that has
-                the pseudo element).
                        7. 
+              
                      7. width: 240px matches the size of the scrolling element (which is a child of the parent that has the pseudo element).
                        8. 
               
                      8. height: 25px is the height of the fading gradient pseudo-element, which should be kept relatively small.
                        9. 
               
                      9. bottom: 0 positions the pseudo-element at the bottom of the parent.
                        10. 
               
                      10. pointer-events: none specifies that the pseudo-element cannot be a target of mouse events, allowing text behind it to still be selectable/interactive.
                        11. 
@@ -1927,12 +2032,14 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                        Browser support
                        
             
                        
               
                        
-                93.5%
+                95.4%
               
                        
             
                        
             
                        ✅ No caveats.
                        
             
 
             
@@ -1940,7 +2047,11 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
           
                        
             
                        Popout menuinteractivity
                        
             
                        Reveals an interactive popout menu on hover and focus.
                        
-            
                        HTML
                        <div class="reference" tabindex="0"><div class="popout-menu">Popout menu</div></div>
+            
                        HTML
                        <div class="reference" tabindex="0">
+  <div class="popout-menu">
+    Popout menu
+  </div>
+</div>
 
                        
             
                        CSS
                        .reference {
   position: relative;
@@ -1965,33 +2076,40 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                        Demo
                        
             
                        
               
                        
-                
                        Popout menu
                        
+                
                        
+                  Popout menu
+                
                        
               
                        
             
                        
-            
+            
             
                        Explanation
                        
             
                          
               
                        1. position: relative on the reference parent establishes a Cartesian positioning context for its child.
                          2. 
               
                        2. position: absolute takes the popout menu out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
                          3. 
               
                        3. left: 100% moves the the popout menu 100% of its parent's width from the left.
                          4. 
               
                        4. visibility: hidden hides the popout menu initially and allows for transitions (unlike display: none).
                          5. 
-              
                        5. .reference:hover > .popout-menu means that when .reference is hovered over, select immediate children with a class of .popout-menu and change their visibility to visible, which shows the popout.
                          6. 
+              
                        6. .reference:hover > .popout-menu means that when .reference is hovered over, select immediate children with a class of .popout-menu and change their visibility to visible,
+                which shows the popout.
                          7. 
               
                        7. .reference:focus > .popout-menu means that when .reference is focused, the popout would be shown.
                          8. 
               
                        8. .reference:focus-within > .popout-menu ensures that the popout is shown when the focus is within the reference.
                          9. 
             
                        
@@ -2007,8 +2125,8 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
           
                        
           
                        
             
                        Pretty text underlinevisual
                        
-            
                        A nicer alternative to text-decoration: underline or <u></u> where descenders do not clip the underline.
-              Natively implemented as text-decoration-skip-ink: auto but it has less control over the underline.
                        
+            
                        A nicer alternative to text-decoration: underline or <u></u> where descenders do not clip the underline. Natively implemented as text-decoration-skip-ink: auto but it has less control over
+              the underline.
                        
             
                        HTML
                        <p class="pretty-text-underline">Pretty text underline without clipping descending letters.</p>
 
                        
             
                        CSS
                        .pretty-text-underline {
@@ -2032,44 +2150,47 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                        
               
                        Pretty text underline without clipping descending letters.
                        
             
                        
-            
+            
             
                        Explanation
                        
             
                          
-              
                        1. text-shadow uses 4 values with offsets that cover a 4x4 px area to ensure the underline
-                has a "thick" shadow that covers the line where descenders clip it. Use a color
-                that matches the background. For a larger font, use a larger px size. Additional values
-                can create an even thicker shadow, and subpixel values can also be used.
                          2. 
-              
                        2. background-image: linear-gradient(...) creates a 90deg gradient using the
-                text color (currentColor).
                          3. 
-              
                        3. The background-* properties size the gradient as 100% of the width of the block and 1px
-                in height at the bottom and disables repetition, which creates a 1px underline beneath
-                the text.
                          4. 
-              
                        4. The ::selection pseudo selector rule ensures the text shadow does not interfere with text
-                selection.
                          5. 
+              
                        5. text-shadow uses 4 values with offsets that cover a 4x4 px area to ensure the underline has a "thick" shadow that covers the line where descenders clip it. Use a color that matches the background. For a larger font, use a larger
+                px size. Additional values can create an even thicker shadow, and subpixel values can also be used.
                          6. 
+              
                        6. background-image: linear-gradient(...) creates a 90deg gradient using the text color (currentColor).
                          7. 
+              
                        7. The background-* properties size the gradient as 100% of the width of the block and 1px in height at the bottom and disables repetition, which creates a 1px underline beneath the text.
                          8. 
+              
                        8. The ::selection pseudo selector rule ensures the text shadow does not interfere with text selection.
+              
                          9. 
             
                        
             
                        Browser support
                        
             
                        
               
                        
-                93.5%
+                95.4%
               
                        
             
                        
             
                        ✅ No caveats.
                        
             
 
             
@@ -2079,11 +2200,7 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                        Resets all styles to default values with one property. This will not affect direction and unicode-bidi properties.
                        
             
                        HTML
                        <div class="reset-all-styles">
   <h5>Title</h5>
-  <p>
-    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Iure id exercitationem nulla qui
-    repellat laborum vitae, molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. Quisquam enim qui
-    iure, consequatur velit sit?
-  </p>
+  <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?</p>
 </div>
 
                        
             
                        CSS
                        .reset-all-styles {
@@ -2094,27 +2211,27 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                        
               
                        
                 
                        Title
                        
-                
                        
-                  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Iure id exercitationem nulla qui
-                  repellat laborum vitae, molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. Quisquam enim qui
-                  iure, consequatur velit sit?
-                
                        
+                
                        Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Iure id exercitationem nulla qui repellat laborum vitae, molestias tempora velit natus. Quas, assumenda nisi. Quisquam enim qui iure, consequatur velit sit?
                        
               
                        
             
                        
-            
+            
             
                        Explanation
                        
             
                        The all property allows you to reset all styles (inherited or not) to default values.
                        
             
                        Browser support
                        
             
                        
               
                        
-                87.2%
+                88.3%
               
                        
             
                        
             
                        ⚠️ MS Edge status is under consideration.
                        
             
 
             
@@ -2142,23 +2259,28 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                        
               
                        
             
                        
-            
+            
             
                        Explanation
                        
             
                          
               
                        1. position: relative on the element establishes a Cartesian positioning context for pseudo elements.
                          2. 
               
                        2. ::after defines a pseudo element.
                          3. 
-              
                        3. background-image: url(...) adds the SVG shape (a 24x12 triangle) as the background image of the pseudo element, which repeats by default. It must be the same color as the block that is being separated. For other shapes, we can use the URL-encoder for SVG.
                          4. 
+              
                        4. background-image: url(...) adds the SVG shape (a 24x12 triangle) as the background image of the pseudo element, which repeats by default. It must be the same color as the block that is being separated. For other shapes, we can
+                use
+                the URL-encoder for SVG.
                          5. 
               
                        5. position: absolute takes the pseudo element out of the flow of the document and positions it in relation to the parent.
                          6. 
               
                        6. width: 100% ensures the element stretches the entire width of its parent.
                          7. 
               
                        7. height: 12px is the same height as the shape.
                          8. 
@@ -2167,12 +2289,14 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                          Browser support
                          
             
                          
               
                          
-                95.7%
+                98.3%
               
                          
             
                          
             
                          ✅ No caveats.
                          
             
 
             
@@ -2181,8 +2305,12 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                          Sibling fadeinteractivity
                          
             
                          Fades out the siblings of a hovered item.
                          
             
                          HTML
                          <div class="sibling-fade">
-  <span>Item 1</span> <span>Item 2</span> <span>Item 3</span> <span>Item 4</span>
-  <span>Item 5</span> <span>Item 6</span>
+  <span>Item 1</span>
+  <span>Item 2</span>
+  <span>Item 3</span>
+  <span>Item 4</span>
+  <span>Item 5</span>
+  <span>Item 6</span>
 </div>
 
                          
             
                          CSS
                          span {
@@ -2196,32 +2324,42 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                          Demo
                          
             
                          
               
                          
-                Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4
-                Item 5 Item 6
+                Item 1
+                Item 2
+                Item 3
+                Item 4
+                Item 5
+                Item 6
               
                          
             
                          
-            
+            
             
                          Explanation
                          
             
                            
               
                          1. transition: opacity 0.2s specifies that changes to opacity will be transitioned over 0.2 seconds.
                            2. 
-              
                          2. .sibling-fade:hover span:not(:hover) specifies that when the parent is hovered, select any span children
-                that are not currently being hovered and change their opacity to 0.5.
                            3. 
+              
                          3. .sibling-fade:hover span:not(:hover) specifies that when the parent is hovered, select any span children that are not currently being hovered and change their opacity to 0.5.
                            4. 
             
                          
             
                          Browser support
                          
             
                          
               
                          
-                93.5%
+                95.4%
               
                          
             
                          
             
                          ✅ No caveats.
                          
             
 
             
@@ -2240,12 +2378,13 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
                          
               
                          This text uses the system font.
                          
             
                          
-            
+            
             
                          Explanation
                          
-            
                          The browser looks for each successive font, preferring the first one if possible, and
-              falls back to the next if it cannot find the font (on the system or defined in CSS).
                          
+            
                          The browser looks for each successive font, preferring the first one if possible, and falls back to the next if it cannot find the font (on the system or defined in CSS).
                          
             
                            
               
                          1. -apple-system is San Francisco, used on iOS and macOS (not Chrome however)
                            2. 
               
                          2. BlinkMacSystemFont is San Francisco, used on macOS Chrome
                            3. 
@@ -2268,9 +2407,11 @@ li:not(:last-child) {
             
           
                        
           
                        
+            New
             
                        Toggle switchvisualinteractivity
                        
             
                        Creates a toggle switch with CSS only.
                        
-            
                        HTML
                        <input type="checkbox" id="toggle" class="offscreen" /> <label for="toggle" class="switch"></label>
+            
                        HTML
                        <input type="checkbox" id="toggle" class="offscreen" />
+<label for="toggle" class="switch"></label>
 
                        
             
                        CSS
                        .switch {
   position: relative;
@@ -2304,7 +2445,10 @@ input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch {
 }
 
                        
             
                        Demo
                        
-            
                         
                        
+            
                        
+              
+              
+            
                        
             
             
                        Explanation
                        
-            
                        This effect is styling only the <label> element to look like a toggle switch, and hiding the actual <input> checkbox by positioning it offscreen. When clicking the label associated with the <input> element, it sets the <input> checkbox into the :checked state.
                        
+            
                        This effect is styling only the <label> element to look like a toggle switch, and hiding the actual <input> checkbox by positioning it offscreen. When clicking the label associated with the <input>              element, it sets the <input> checkbox into the :checked state.
                        
             
                          
               
                        1. The for attribute associates the <label> with the appropriate <input> checkbox element by its id.
                          2. 
               
                        2. .switch::after defines a pseudo-element for the <label> to create the circular knob.
                          3. 
               
                        3. input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch::after targets the <label>'s pseudo-element's style when the checkbox is checked.
                          4. 
               
                        4. transform: translateX(20px) moves the pseudo-element (knob) 20px to the right when the checkbox is checked.
                          5. 
               
                        5. background-color: #7983ff; sets the background-color of the switch to a different color when the checkbox is checked.
                          6. 
-              
                        6. .offscreen moves the <input> checkbox element, which does not comprise any part of the actual toggle switch, out of the flow of document and positions it far away from the view, but does not hide it so it is accessible via keyboard and screen readers.
                          7. 
-              
                        7. transition: all 0.3s specifies all property changes will be transitioned over 0.3 seconds, therefore transitioning the <label>'s background-color and the pseudo-element's transform property when the checkbox is checked.
                          8. 
+              
                        8. .offscreen moves the <input> checkbox element, which does not comprise any part of the actual toggle switch, out of the flow of document and positions it far away from the view, but does not hide it so it
+                is accessible via keyboard and screen readers.
                          9. 
+              
                        9. transition: all 0.3s specifies all property changes will be transitioned over 0.3 seconds, therefore transitioning the <label>'s background-color and the pseudo-element's transform                property when the checkbox is checked.
                          10. 
             
                        
             
                        Browser support
                        
             
                        
               
                        
-                93.7%
+                95.5%
               
                        
             
                        
             
                        ⚠️ Requires prefixes for full support.
                        
             
 
             
@@ -2365,8 +2512,11 @@ input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch {
           
                        
           
                        
             
                        Transform centeringlayout
                        
-            
                        Vertically and horizontally centers a child element within its parent element using position: absolute and transform: translate() (as an alternative to flexbox or display: table). Similar to flexbox, this method does not require you to know the height or width of your parent or child so it is ideal for responsive applications.
                        
-            
                        HTML
                        <div class="parent"><div class="child">Centered content</div></div>
+            
                        Vertically and horizontally centers a child element within its parent element using position: absolute and transform: translate() (as an alternative to flexbox or display: table). Similar
+              to flexbox, this method does not require you to know the height or width of your parent or child so it is ideal for responsive applications.
                        
+            
                        HTML
                        <div class="parent">
+  <div class="child">Centered content</div>
+</div>
 
                        
             
                        CSS
                        .parent {
   border: 1px solid #333;
@@ -2418,7 +2568,9 @@ input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch {
             
                        
             
                        ⚠️ Requires prefix for full support.
                        
             
 
             
@@ -2450,10 +2602,10 @@ input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch {
               }
             
             
                        Explanation
                        
-            
                        View this link for a detailed explanation.
                        
-            
                        The color of the border is the color of the triangle. The side the triangle tip points
-              corresponds to the opposite border-* property. For example, a color on border-top
-              means the arrow points downward.
                        
+            
                        
+              View this link for a detailed explanation.
+            
                        
+            
                        The color of the border is the color of the triangle. The side the triangle tip points corresponds to the opposite border-* property. For example, a color on border-top means the arrow points downward.
                        
             
                        Experiment with the px values to change the proportion of the triangle.
                        
             
                        Browser support
                        
             
                        
@@ -2491,74 +2643,26 @@ input[type='checkbox']:checked + .switch {
             
             
                        Explanation
                        
             
                          
-              
                        1. overflow: hidden prevents the text from overflowing its dimensions
-                (for a block, 100% width and auto height).
                          2. 
+              
                        2. overflow: hidden prevents the text from overflowing its dimensions (for a block, 100% width and auto height).
                          3. 
               
                        3. white-space: nowrap prevents the text from exceeding one line in height.
                          4. 
-              
                        4. text-overflow: ellipsis makes it so that if the text exceeds its dimensions, it
-                will end with an ellipsis.
                          5. 
+              
                        5. text-overflow: ellipsis makes it so that if the text exceeds its dimensions, it will end with an ellipsis.
                          6. 
               
                        6. width: 200px; ensures the element has a dimension, to know when to get ellipsis
                          7. 
             
                        
             
                        Browser support
                        
             
                        
               
                        
-                95.8%
+                98.4%
               
                        
             
                        
             
                        ⚠️ Only works for single line elements.
                        
             
 
             
           
                        
-          
                        
-            
                        Zebra striped listvisual
                        
-            
                        Creates a striped list with alternating background colors, which is useful for differentiating siblings that have content spread across a wide row.
                        
-            
                        HTML
                        <ul>
-  <li>Item 01</li>
-  <li>Item 02</li>
-  <li>Item 03</li>
-  <li>Item 04</li>
-  <li>Item 05</li>
-</ul>
-
                        
-            
                        CSS
                        li:nth-child(odd) {
-  background-color: #eee;
-}
-
                        
-            
                        Demo
                        
-            
                        
-              
                          
-                
                        • Item 01
                          • 
-                
                        • Item 02
                          • 
-                
                        • Item 03
                          • 
-                
                        • Item 04
                          • 
-                
                        • Item 05
                          • 
-              
                        
-            
                        
-            
-            
                        Explanation
                        
-            
                          
-              
                        1. Use the :nth-child(odd) or :nth-child(even) pseudo-class to apply a different background color to elements that match based on their position in a group of siblings.
                          2. 
-            
                        
-            
                        Note that you can use it to apply different styles to other HTML elements like div, tr, p, ol, etc.
                        
-            
                        Browser support
                        
-            
                        
-              
                        
-                95.9%
-              
                        
-            
                        
-            
                        ✅ No caveats.
                        
-            
                        https://caniuse.com/#feat=css-sel3
                        
-
-            
-
-            
-