From e8481c079aa51fa73f82ec966e73f412d2f425bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: 30secondsofcode <30secondsofcode@gmail.com> Date: Thu, 23 Aug 2018 07:31:17 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Travis build: 261 --- glossary/README.md | 78 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ glossary/keyword_database | 13 +++++++ 2 files changed, 91 insertions(+) diff --git a/glossary/README.md b/glossary/README.md index 021152a7e..bfc1a5539 100644 --- a/glossary/README.md +++ b/glossary/README.md @@ -2,30 +2,48 @@ ## Table of Contents +* [`Argument`](#argument) * [`Array`](#array) * [`Boolean`](#boolean) * [`Callback`](#callback) +* [`Constant`](#constant) * [`Cross-site scripting (XSS)`](#cross-site-scripting-xss) * [`Currying`](#currying) * [`DNS`](#dns) * [`DOM`](#dom) * [`Domain name`](#domain-name) * [`Element`](#element) +* [`ES6`](#es6) * [`Event loop`](#event-loop) +* [`Express`](#express) +* [`Function`](#function) * [`Functional programming`](#functional-programming) * [`Functor`](#functor) +* [`Git`](#git) +* [`HTML`](#html) * [`HTTP and HTTPS`](#http-and-https) +* [`IP`](#ip) * [`JSON`](#json) +* [`Npm`](#npm) * [`Object-oriented programming`](#object-oriented-programming) * [`Promise`](#promise) +* [`React`](#react) * [`Recursion`](#recursion) * [`Regular expressions`](#regular-expressions) +* [`Repository`](#repository) * [`Selector`](#selector) * [`String`](#string) * [`Template literals`](#template-literals) * [`Value vs reference`](#value-vs-reference) +* [`Variable`](#variable) +* [`Yarn`](#yarn) +### Argument + +An argument is a value passed as an input to a function and can be either a primitive or an object. +In JavaScript, functions can also be passed as arguments to other functions. + ### Array Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable. @@ -42,6 +60,11 @@ They represent logical data values and can only be `true` or `false`. A callback function, also known as a high-order function, is a function that is passed into another function as an argument, which is then executed inside the outer function. Callbacks can be synchronous or asynchronous. +### Constant + +A constant is a value, associated with an identifier. +The value of a constant can be accessed using the identifier and cannot be altered during execution. + ### Cross-site scripting (XSS) XSS refers to client-side code injection where the attacker injects malicious scripts into a legitimate website or web application. @@ -72,12 +95,28 @@ A domain name consists of a hierarchical sequence of names, separated by dots an A JavaScript representation of a DOM element commonly returned by `document.querySelector()` and `document.createElement()`. They are used when creating content with JavaScript for display in the DOM that needs to be programatically generated. +### ES6 + +ES6 stands for ECMAScript 6 (also known as ECMAScript 2015), a version of the ECMAScript specification that standardizes JavaScript. +ES6 adds a wide variety of new features to the specification, such as classes, promises, generators and arrow functions. + ### Event loop The event loop handles all asynchronous callbacks. Callbacks are queued in a loop, while other code runs, and will run one by one when the response for each one has been received. The event loop allows JavaScript to perform non-blocking I/O operations, despite the fact that JavaScript is single-threaded. +### Express + +Express is a backend framework, that provides a layer of fundamental web application features for Node.js. +Some of its key features are routing, middleware, template engines and error handling. + +### Function + +Functions are self-contained blocks of code with their own scope, that can be called by other code and are usually associated with a unique identifier. +Functions accept input in the form of arguments and can optionally return an output (if no `return` statement is present, the default value of `undefined` will be returned instead). +JavaScript functions are also objects. + ### Functional programming Functional programming is a paradigm in which programs are built in a declarative manner using pure functions that avoid shared state and mutable data. @@ -89,16 +128,36 @@ A Functor is a data type common in functional programming that implements a `map The `map` method takes a function and applies it to the data in the Functor, returning a new instance of the Functor with the result. JavaScript `Array`s are an example of the Functor data type. +### Git + +Git is an open-source version control system, used for source code management. +Git allows users to copy (clone) and edit code on their local machines, before merging it into the main code base (master repository). + +### HTML + +HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language and is a language used to structure web pages. +HTML documents are plaintext documents structured with elements, which are surrounded by `<>` tags and optionally extended with attributes. + ### HTTP and HTTPS The HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the underlying network protocol that enables transfer of hypermedia documents on the Web, usually between a client and a server. The HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is an encrypted version of the HTTP protocol, that uses SSL to encrypt all data transfered between a client and a server. +### IP + +An IP address is a number assigned to a device connected to a network that uses the Internet protocol. +Two IP versions are currently in use - IPv4, the older version of the communication protocol (e.g. 192.168.1.100) and IPv6, the newest version of the communication protocol which allows for many different IP addresses (e.g. 0:0:0:0:ffff:c0a8:164). + ### JSON JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a format for storing and exchanging data. It closely resembles the JavaScript object syntax, however some data types, such as dates and functions, cannot be natively represented and need to be serialized first. +### Npm + +Npm is a package manager for the JavaScript programming language and the default package manager for Node.js. +It consists of a command-line client and the npm registry, an online database of packages. + ### Object-oriented programming Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which may contain both data and procedures which can be use to operate on them. @@ -109,6 +168,11 @@ JavaScript supports Object-oriented programming both via prototypes and classes. The Promise object represents the eventual completion (or failure) of an asynchronous operation, and its resulting value. A Promise can be in one of these states: pending(initial state, neither fulfilled nor rejected), fulfilled(operation completed successfully), rejected(operation failed). +### React + +React is a frontend framework, that allows developers to create dynamic, component-based user interfaces. +React separates view and state, utilizing a virtual DOM to update the user interface. + ### Recursion Recursion is the repeated application of a process. @@ -121,6 +185,10 @@ Recursion is very useful when working with nested data, especially when the nest Regular expressions (known as regex or regexp) are patterns used to match character combinations in strings. JavaScript provides a regular expression implementation through the `RegExp` object. +### Repository + +In a version control system, a repository (or repo for short) is a data structure that stores metadata for a set of files (i.e. a project). + ### Selector A CSS selector is a pattern that is used to select and/or style one or more elements in a document, based on certain rules. @@ -141,3 +209,13 @@ They support multi-line strings, expression interpolation and nesting. When passing a variable by value, a copy of the variable is made, meaning that any changes made to the contents of the variable will not be reflected in the original variable. When passing a variable by reference, the memory address of the actual variable is passed to the function or variable, meaning that modifying the variable's contents will be reflected in the original variable. In JavaScript primitive data types are passed by value while objects are passed by reference. + +### Variable + +A variable is a storage location, associated with an identifier and containing a value. +The value of a variable can be referred using the identifier and can be altered during execution. + +### Yarn + +Yarn is a package manager made by Facebook. +It can be used as an alternative to the npm package manager and is compatible with the public NPM registry. diff --git a/glossary/keyword_database b/glossary/keyword_database index aba50a92d..26b0dbe9f 100644 --- a/glossary/keyword_database +++ b/glossary/keyword_database @@ -1,24 +1,37 @@ +argument array boolean callback +constant cross-site-scripting-xss currying dns dom domain-name element +es6 event-loop +express +function functional-programming functor +git +html http-and-https +ip json keyword_database +npm object-oriented-programming promise +react readme recursion regular-expressions +repository selector string template-literals value-vs-reference +variable +yarn