# 30-seconds-of-python-code
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>Python implementation of 30-seconds-of-code.
**Note**:- This is in no way affiliated with the original [30-seconds-of-code](https://github.com/Chalarangelo/30-seconds-of-code/).
## Table of Contents
### :heavy_division_sign: Math
View contents
View contents
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## :heavy_division_sign: Math
### average
:information_source: Already implemented via `statistics.mean`. `statistics.mean` takes an array as an argument whereas this function takes variadic arguments.
Returns the average of two or more numbers.
Takes the sum of all the `args` and divides it by `len(args)`. The secind argument `0.0` in sum is to handle floating point division in `python2`.
```py
def average(*args):
return sum(args, 0.0) / len(args)
```
View Examples
```py
average(*[1, 2, 3]) # 2.0
average(1, 2, 3) # 2.0
```
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### factorial
Calculates the factorial of a number.
Use recursion. If `num` is less than or equal to `1`, return `1`. Otherwise, return the product of `num` and the factorial of `num - 1`. Throws an exception if `num` is a negative or a floating point number.
```py
def factorial(num):
if not ((num >= 0) & (num % 1 == 0)):
raise Exception(
f"Number( {num} ) can't be floating point or negative ")
return 1 if num == 0 else num * factorial(num - 1)
```
View Examples
```py
factorial(6) # 720
```
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### gcd
:information_source: `math.gcd` works with only two numbers
Calculates the greatest common divisor between two or more numbers/lists.
The `helperGcdfunction` uses recursion. Base case is when `y` equals `0`. In this case, return `x`. Otherwise, return the GCD of `y` and the remainder of the division `x/y`.
Uses the reduce function from the inbuilt module `functools`. Also defines a method `spread` for javascript like spreading of lists.
```py
from functools import reduce
def spread(arg):
ret = []
for i in arg:
if isinstance(i, list):
ret.extend(i)
else:
ret.append(i)
return ret
def gcd(*args):
numbers = []
numbers.extend(spread(list(args)))
def _gcd(x, y):
return x if not y else gcd(y, x % y)
return reduce((lambda x, y: _gcd(x, y)), numbers)
```
View Examples
```py
gcd(8,36) # 4
```
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### lcm
Returns the least common multiple of two or more numbers.
Use the `greatest common divisor (GCD)` formula and the fact that `lcm(x,y) = x * y / gcd(x,y)` to determine the least common multiple. The GCD formula uses recursion.
Uses `reduce` function from the inbuilt module `functools`. Also defines a method `spread` for javascript like spreading of lists.
```py
from functools import reduce
def spread(arg):
ret = []
for i in arg:
if isinstance(i, list):
ret.extend(i)
else:
ret.append(i)
return ret
def lcm(*args):
numbers = []
numbers.extend(spread(list(args)))
def _gcd(x, y):
return x if not y else gcd(y, x % y)
def _lcm(x, y):
return x * y / _gcd(x, y)
return reduce((lambda x, y: _lcm(x, y)), numbers)
```
View Examples
```py
lcm(12, 7) # 84
lcm([1, 3, 4], 5) # 60
```
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### max_n
Returns the `n` maximum elements from the provided list. If `n` is greater than or equal to the provided list's length, then return the original list(sorted in descending order).
Use `list.sort()` combined with the `deepcopy` function from the inbuilt `copy` module to create a shallow clone of the list and sort it in ascending order and then use `list.reverse()` reverse it to make it descending order. Use `[:n]` to get the specified number of elements. Omit the second argument, `n`, to get a one-element array
```py
from copy import deepcopy
def max_n(arr, n=1):
numbers = deepcopy(arr)
numbers.sort()
numbers.reverse()
return numbers[:n]
```
View Examples
```py
max_n([1, 2, 3]) # [3]
max_n([1, 2, 3], 2) # [3,2]
```
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### min_n
Returns the `n` minimum elements from the provided list. If `n` is greater than or equal to the provided list's length, then return the original list(sorted in ascending order).
Use `list.sort()` combined with the `deepcopy` function from the inbuilt `copy` module to create a shallow clone of the list and sort it in ascending order. Use `[:n]` to get the specified number of elements. Omit the second argument, `n`, to get a one-element array
```py
from copy import deepcopy
def min_n(arr, n=1):
numbers = deepcopy(arr)
numbers.sort()
return numbers[:n]
```
View Examples
```py
min_n([1, 2, 3]) # [1]
min_n([1, 2, 3], 2) # [1,2]
```
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## :books: List
### chunk
Chunks an array into smaller lists of a specified size.
Uses `range` to create a list of desired size. Then use `map` on this list and fill it with splices of `arr`.
```py
from math import ceil
def chunk(arr, size):
return list(
map(lambda x: arr[x * size:x * size + size],
list(range(0, ceil(len(arr) / size)))))
```
View Examples
```py
chunk([1,2,3,4,5],2) # [[1,2],[3,4],5]
```
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### compact
Removes falsey values from a list.
Use `filter()` to filter out falsey values (False, None, 0, and "").
```py
def compact(arr):
return list(filter(lambda x: bool(x), arr))
```
View Examples
```py
compact([0, 1, False, 2, '', 3, 'a', 's', 34]) # [ 1, 2, 3, 'a', 's', 34 ]
```
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### count_by
:information_source: Already implemented via `collections.Counter`
Groups the elements of a list based on the given function and returns the count of elements in each group.
Use `map()` to map the values of the list using the given function. Iterate over the map and increase the the elements count each time it occurs.
```py
def count_by(arr, fn=lambda x: x):
key = {}
for el in map(fn, arr):
key[el] = 0 if not el in key else key[el]
key[el] += 1
return key
```
View Examples
```py
from math import floor
count_by([6.1, 4.2, 6.3], floor) # {4: 1, 6: 2}
count_by(['one', 'two', 'three'], len) # {3: 2, 5: 1}
```
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### count_occurences
:information_source: Already implemented via `list.count()`.
Counts the occurrences of a value in an list.
Uses the `reduce` functin from built-in module `functools` to increment a counter each time you encounter the specific value inside the list.
```py
def count_occurences(arr, val):
return reduce(
(lambda x, y: x + 1 if y == val and type(y) == type(val) else x + 0),
arr)
```
View Examples
```py
count_occurrences([1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3], 1) # 3
```
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### deep_flatten
Deep flattens a list.
Use recursion. Use `list.extend()` with an empty array (`result`) and the spread function to flatten a list. Recursively flatten each element that is a list.
```py
def spread(arg):
ret = []
for i in arg:
if isinstance(i, list):
ret.extend(i)
else:
ret.append(i)
return ret
def deep_flatten(arr):
result = []
result.extend(
spread(list(map(lambda x: deep(x) if type(x) == list else x, arr))))
return result
```
View Examples
```py
deep_flatten([1, [2], [[3], 4], 5]) # [1,2,3,4,5]
```
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### difference
Returns the difference between two arrays.
Create a `set` from `b`, then use list comprehension to only keep values not contained in `b`
```py
def difference(a, b):
b = set(b)
return [item for item in a if item not in b]
```
View Examples
```py
difference([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 4]) # [3]
```
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### difference_by
Returns the difference between two list, after applying the provided function to each list element of both.
Create a `set` by applying `fn` to each element in `b`, then use list comprehension in combination with fn on a to only keep values not contained in the previously created `set`.
```py
def difference_by(a, b, fn):
b = set(map(fn, b))
return [item for item in a if fn(item) not in b]
```
View Examples
```py
from math import floor
difference_by([2.1, 1.2], [2.3, 3.4],floor) # [1.2]
difference_by([{ 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], [{ 'x': 1 }], lambda v : v['x']) # [ { x: 2 } ]
```
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### shuffle
:information_source: The same algorithm is already implemented via `random.shuffle`.
Randomizes the order of the values of an list, returning a new list.
Uses the [Fisher-Yates algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher%E2%80%93Yates_shuffle) to reorder the elements of the list.
```py
from copy import deepcopy
from random import randint
def shuffle(arr):
temp_arr = deepcopy(arr)
m = len(temp_arr)
while (m):
m -= 1
i = randint(0, m)
temp_arr[m], temp_arr[i] = temp_arr[i], temp_arr[m]
return temp_arr
```
View Examples
```py
foo = [1,2,3]
shuffle(foo) # [2,3,1] , foo = [1,2,3]
```
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### spread
Implements javascript's `[].concat(...arr)`. Flattens the list(non-deep) and returns an list.
```py
def spread(arg):
ret = []
for i in arg:
if isinstance(i, list):
ret.extend(i)
else:
ret.append(i)
return ret
```
View Examples
```py
spread([1,2,3,[4,5,6],[7],8,9]) # [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
```
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### zip
:information_source: Already implemented via `itertools.zip_longest()`
Creates a list of elements, grouped based on the position in the original lists.
Use `max` combined with `list comprehension` to get the length of the longest list in the arguments. Loops for `max_length` times grouping elements. If lengths of `lists` vary `fill_value` is used. By default `fill_value` is `None`.
```py
def zip(*args, fillvalue=None):
max_length = max([len(arr) for arr in args])
result = []
for i in range(max_length):
result.append([
args[k][i] if i < len(args[k]) else None for k in range(len(args))
])
return result
```
View Examples
```py
zip(['a', 'b'], [1, 2], [True, False]) # [['a', 1, True], ['b', 2, False]]
zip(['a'], [1, 2], [True, False]) # [['a', 1, True], [None, 2, False]]
zip(['a'], [1, 2], [True, False], fill_value = '_') # [['a', 1, True], ['_', 2, False]]
```
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## :scroll: String
### byte_size
Returns the length of a string in bytes.
`utf-8` encodes a given string and find its length.
```py
def byte_size(string):
return(len(string.encode('utf-8')))
```
View Examples
```py
byte_size('😀') # 4
byte_size('Hello World') # 11
```
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### capitalize
Capitalizes the first letter of a string.
Capitalizes the fist letter of the sring and then adds it with rest of the string. Omit the `lower_rest` parameter to keep the rest of the string intact, or set it to `true` to convert to lowercase.
```py
def capitalize(string, lower_rest=False):
return string[:1].upper() + (string[1:].lower() if lower_rest else string[1:])
```
View Examples
```py
capitalize('fooBar') # 'FooBar'
capitalize('fooBar', True) # 'Foobar'
```
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### capitalize_every_word
Capitalizes the first letter of every word in a string.
Uses `str.title` to capitalize first letter of evry word in the string.
```py
def capitalize_every_word(string):
return string.title()
```
View Examples
```py
capitalize_every_word('hello world!') # 'Hello World!'
```
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### count_vowels
Retuns `number` of vowels in provided `string`.
Use a regular expression to count the number of vowels `(A, E, I, O, U)` in a string.
```py
import re
def count_vowels(str):
return len(len(re.findall(r'[aeiou]', str, re.IGNORECASE)))
```
View Examples
```py
count_vowels('foobar') # 3
count_vowels('gym') # 0
```
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### decapitalize
Decapitalizes the first letter of a string.
Decapitalizes the fist letter of the sring and then adds it with rest of the string. Omit the `upper_rest` parameter to keep the rest of the string intact, or set it to `true` to convert to uppercase.
```py
def decapitalize(string, upper_rest=False):
return str[:1].lower() + (str[1:].upper() if upper_rest else str[1:])
```
View Examples
```py
decapitalize('FooBar') # 'fooBar'
decapitalize('FooBar', True) # 'fOOBAR'
```
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### is_lower_case
Checks if a string is lower case.
Convert the given string to lower case, using `str.lower()` method and compare it to the original.
```py
def is_lower_case(str):
return str == str.lower()
```
View Examples
```py
is_lower_case('abc') # True
is_lower_case('a3@$') # True
is_lower_case('Ab4') # False
```
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### is_upper_case
Checks if a string is upper case.
Convert the given string to upper case, using `str.upper()` method and compare it to the original.
```py
def is_upper_case(str):
return str == str.upper()
```
View Examples
```py
is_upper_case('ABC') # True
is_upper_case('a3@$') # True
is_upper_case('aB4') # False
```
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### palindrome
Returns `True` if the given string is a palindrome, `False` otherwise.
Convert string `str.lower()` and use `re.sub` to remove non-alphanumeric characters from it. Then compare the new string to the reversed.
```py
def palindrome(string):
from re import sub
s = sub('[\W_]', '', string.lower())
return s == s[::-1]
```
View Examples
```py
palindrome('taco cat') # True
```
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## Credits
*Icons made by [Smashicons](https://www.flaticon.com/authors/smashicons) from [www.flaticon.com](https://www.flaticon.com/) is licensed by [CC 3.0 BY](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).*
## License
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