### once Ensures a function is called only once. Utilizing a closure, use a flag, `called`, and set it to `true` once the function is called for the first time, preventing it from being called again. Allow the function to be supplied with an arbitrary number of arguments using the spread (`...`) operator. ```js const once = fn => (called => (...args) => !called ? (called = true, fn(...args)) : undefined)() ``` ```js const startApp = event => { // initializes the app console.log(event); // access to any arguments supplied }; document.addEventListener('click', once(startApp)); // only runs `startApp` once upon click ```