28 lines
36 KiB
HTML
28 lines
36 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||
<html lang="en-US">
|
||
<head>
|
||
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
|
||
<title>十分钟带你理解Kubernetes核心概念 | Kuboard</title>
|
||
<meta name="description" content="A cool Kubernetes Dashboard">
|
||
<meta name="keywords" content="Kubernetes, Docker, Dashboard, Kuboard, Linux, K8S, cluster, 分布式, 集群, 容器, 高可用">
|
||
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="Wed Jul 31 2019 10:46:33 GMT+0800 (GMT+08:00)"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Kuboard"><meta property="og:title" content="十分钟带你理解Kubernetes核心概念"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:url" content="/overview/k8s-core-concepts.html"><meta name="twitter:title" content="十分钟带你理解Kubernetes核心概念"><meta name="twitter:url" content="/overview/k8s-core-concepts.html"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
|
||
<link rel="preload" href="/assets/css/0.styles.10e5d9a9.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/assets/js/app.f23e884f.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/assets/js/11.32fc5ebf.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/assets/js/2.dd0e1f2c.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/assets/js/14.71b75ecf.js" as="script"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/10.95ba08b2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/12.fd26a3df.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/13.5ae79232.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/15.f69e0361.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/16.b573c9f3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/17.da6085e6.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/18.14596f73.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/19.99531f86.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/20.78eca6e0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/21.9cd05e22.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/22.351a9028.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/23.a6ac5f5d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/24.e321ee47.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/25.9e7c566b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/26.98ad856b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/27.9646c768.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/28.b1a5c5c7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/29.da45b8ef.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/3.703f0de7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/30.b524eaaf.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/31.c6fd3342.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/32.b266ee0b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/33.b52fe074.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/34.638cc37d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/35.2886039d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/36.99a592e7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/37.15829647.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/38.d769f9c2.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/39.722b7242.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/4.66bc3e23.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/40.ac5bf3e7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/41.31c3cf0b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/42.113effc0.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/43.9bf36849.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/44.fab29163.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/45.844db78f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/46.29a73952.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/47.87cdf921.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/48.b7a3d198.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/5.1fe86328.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/6.c494a4ac.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/7.aa7720c7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/8.83400c95.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/9.41808376.js">
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/0.styles.10e5d9a9.css">
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body>
|
||
<div id="app" data-server-rendered="true"><div class="theme-container" data-v-73c41bb9><header class="navbar"><div class="sidebar-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="icon"><path fill="currentColor" d="M436 124H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12V80c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12zm0 160H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-32c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12zm0 160H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-32c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12z"></path></svg></div> <a href="/" class="home-link router-link-active"><!----> <span class="site-name">Kuboard</span></a> <div class="links"><div class="search-box"><input aria-label="Search" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" value=""> <!----></div> <nav class="nav-links can-hide"><div class="nav-item"><a href="/overview/" class="nav-link router-link-active">简介</a></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="/install/install-dashboard.html" class="nav-link">安装</a></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="/guide/" class="nav-link">使用</a></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="/micro-service/spring-cloud/" class="nav-link">微服务</a></div> <!----></nav></div></header> <div class="sidebar-mask"></div> <aside class="sidebar"><div data-v-73c41bb9><div style="text-align:center;margin-top:20px;" data-v-73c41bb9><div class="side-nav-item" style="border-bottom:2px solid #0b85ff;margin-left:0;" data-v-73c41bb9><a href="/overview/" class="nav-link" data-v-73c41bb9>简介</a></div> <div class="side-nav-item" data-v-73c41bb9><a href="/install/install-dashboard" class="nav-link router-link-exact-active router-link-active" data-v-73c41bb9>安装</a></div> <div class="side-nav-item" data-v-73c41bb9><a href="/guide/" class="nav-link" data-v-73c41bb9>使用</a></div> <div class="side-nav-item" data-v-73c41bb9><a href="/micro-service/spring-cloud/" class="nav-link" data-v-73c41bb9>微服务</a></div></div></div> <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>简介</span> <!----></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/overview/" class="sidebar-link">Kuboard 简介</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>概念</span> <!----></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/overview/k8s-core-concepts.html" class="active sidebar-link">十分钟带你理解Kubernetes核心概念</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/overview/k8s-core-concepts.html#什么是kubernetes？" class="sidebar-link">什么是Kubernetes？</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/overview/k8s-core-concepts.html#集群" class="sidebar-link">集群</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/overview/k8s-core-concepts.html#pod" class="sidebar-link">Pod</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/overview/k8s-core-concepts.html#label" class="sidebar-link">Label</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/overview/k8s-core-concepts.html#replication-controller" class="sidebar-link">Replication Controller</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/overview/k8s-core-concepts.html#service" class="sidebar-link">Service</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/overview/k8s-core-concepts.html#kubernetes-master" class="sidebar-link">Kubernetes Master</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/overview/why-kuboard.html" class="sidebar-link">为什么选择 Kuboard</a></li><li><a href="/overview/concepts.html" class="sidebar-link">如何降低 Kubernetes 学习门槛</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>技术支持</span> <!----></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/overview/support.html" class="sidebar-link">支持</a></li><li><a href="/overview/change-log.html" class="sidebar-link">更新日志</a></li></ul></section></li></ul> <div style="text-align: center; margin-top: 5vh;"><strong>在线体验</strong> <div><a target="_blank" href="http://demo.eip.work/#/login?isReadOnly=true&token=eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.eYqN3FLIT6xs0-lm8AidZtaiuHeX70QTn9FhJglhEyh5dlyMU5lo8UtR-h1OY8sTSeYdYKJAS83-9SUObKQhp6XNmRgOYAfZblKUy4mvbGVQ3dn_qnzxYxt6zdGCwIY7E34eNNd9IjMF7G_Y4eJLWE7NvkSB1O8zbdn8En9rQXv_xJ9-ugCyr4CYB1lDGuZl3CIXgQ1FWcQdUBrxTT95tzcNTB0l6OUOGhRxOfw-RyIOST83GV5U0iVzxnD4sjgSaJefvCU-BmwXgpxAwRVhFyHEziXXa0CuZfBfJbmnQW308B4wocr4QDm6Nvmli1P3B6Yo9-HNF__d2hCwZEr7eg"><p><img src="/assets/img/image-20190723104717575.f44900d3.png" style="width: 226px; height: 127px;"></p></a></div> <p><strong><a href="https://github.com/shaohq/kuboard-issues/issues" target="_blank">提交 BUG</a></strong></p> <strong>在线提问</strong> <p><img src="/assets/img/kuboard_qq.45e78dbf.png"></p></div></aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h1 id="十分钟带你理解kubernetes核心概念"><a href="#十分钟带你理解kubernetes核心概念" aria-hidden="true" class="header-anchor">#</a> 十分钟带你理解Kubernetes核心概念</h1> <blockquote><p>转载信息：</p> <p><a href="http://www.dockone.io/article/932" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">译文链接<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a> 译者：崔婧雯</p> <p><a href="http://omerio.com/2015/12/18/learn-the-kubernetes-key-concepts-in-10-minutes/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">原文链接<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a> 作者：Omer Dawelbeit</p></blockquote> <p>本文将会简单介绍Kubernetes的核心概念。因为这些定义可以在Kubernetes的文档中找到，所以文章也会避免用大段的枯燥的文字介绍。相反，我们会使用一些图表（其中一些是动画）和示例来解释这些概念。我们发现一些概念（比如Service）如果没有图表的辅助就很难全面地理解。在合适的地方我们也会提供Kubernetes文档的链接以便读者深入学习。</p> <h2 id="什么是kubernetes？"><a href="#什么是kubernetes？" aria-hidden="true" class="header-anchor">#</a> 什么是Kubernetes？</h2> <p>Kubernetes（k8s）是自动化容器操作的开源平台，这些操作包括部署，调度和节点集群间扩展。如果你曾经用过Docker容器技术部署容器，那么可以将Docker看成Kubernetes内部使用的低级别组件。Kubernetes不仅仅支持Docker，还支持Rocket，这是另一种容器技术。
|
||
使用Kubernetes可以：</p> <ul><li>自动化容器的部署和复制</li> <li>随时扩展或收缩容器规模</li> <li>将容器组织成组，并且提供容器间的负载均衡</li> <li>很容易地升级应用程序容器的新版本</li> <li>提供容器弹性，如果容器失效就替换它，等等...</li></ul> <h2 id="集群"><a href="#集群" aria-hidden="true" class="header-anchor">#</a> 集群</h2> <p>集群是一组节点，这些节点可以是物理服务器或者虚拟机，之上安装了Kubernetes平台。下图展示这样的集群。注意该图为了强调核心概念有所简化。这里可以看到一个典型的Kubernetes架构图。</p> <p><img src="/assets/img/d7ce07842371eab180725bab5164ec17.d58ea9cc.png" alt="1.png"></p> <p>上图可以看到如下组件，使用特别的图标表示Service和Label：</p> <ul><li>PodContainer（容器）</li> <li>Label(<img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="label">)（标签）</li> <li>Replication Controller（复制控制器）</li> <li>Service（<img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="enter image description here">）（服务）</li> <li>Node（节点）</li> <li>Kubernetes Master（Kubernetes主节点）</li></ul> <h2 id="pod"><a href="#pod" aria-hidden="true" class="header-anchor">#</a> Pod</h2> <p><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-overview/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Pod<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>（上图绿色方框）安排在节点上，包含一组容器和卷。同一个Pod里的容器共享同一个网络命名空间，可以使用localhost互相通信。Pod是短暂的，不是持续性实体。你可能会有这些问题：</p> <ul><li>如果Pod是短暂的，那么我怎么才能持久化容器数据使其能够跨重启而存在呢？ 是的，Kubernetes支持 <em><strong>卷</strong></em> 的概念，因此可以使用持久化的卷类型。</li> <li>是否手动创建Pod，如果想要创建同一个容器的多份拷贝，需要一个个分别创建出来么？可以手动创建单个Pod，但是也可以使用Replication Controller使用Pod模板创建出多份拷贝，下文会详细介绍。</li> <li>如果Pod是短暂的，那么重启时IP地址可能会改变，那么怎么才能从前端容器正确可靠地指向后台容器呢？这时可以使用Service，下文会详细介绍。</li></ul> <h2 id="label"><a href="#label" aria-hidden="true" class="header-anchor">#</a> Label</h2> <p>正如图所示，一些Pod有Label（<img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="enter image description here">）。一个Label是attach到Pod的一对键/值对，用来传递用户定义的属性。比如，你可能创建了一个"tier"和“app”标签，通过Label（<strong>tier=frontend, app=myapp</strong>）来标记前端Pod容器，使用Label（<strong>tier=backend, app=myapp</strong>）标记后台Pod。然后可以使用 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Selectors<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a> 选择带有特定Label的Pod，并且将Service或者Replication Controller应用到上面。</p> <h2 id="replication-controller"><a href="#replication-controller" aria-hidden="true" class="header-anchor">#</a> Replication Controller</h2> <p><em>是否手动创建Pod，如果想要创建同一个容器的多份拷贝，需要一个个分别创建出来么，能否将Pods划到逻辑组里？</em></p> <p>Replication Controller确保任意时间都有指定数量的Pod“副本”在运行。如果为某个Pod创建了Replication Controller并且指定3个副本，它会创建3个Pod，并且持续监控它们。如果某个Pod不响应，那么Replication Controller会替换它，保持总数为3.如下面的动画所示：</p> <p><img src="/assets/img/03d07039d9fc80c0f692d6176f65936e.7af9fab5.gif" alt="2.gif"></p> <p>如果之前不响应的Pod恢复了，现在就有4个Pod了，那么Replication Controller会将其中一个终止保持总数为3。如果在运行中将副本总数改为5，Replication Controller会立刻启动2个新Pod，保证总数为5。还可以按照这样的方式缩小Pod，这个特性在执行滚动 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicationcontroller/#rolling_updates" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">升级<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a> 时很有用。</p> <p>当创建Replication Controller时，需要指定两个东西：</p> <ol><li>Pod模板：用来创建Pod副本的模板</li> <li>Label：Replication Controller需要监控的Pod的标签。现在已经创建了Pod的一些副本，那么在这些副本上如何均衡负载呢？我们需要的是Service。</li></ol> <div class="tip custom-block"><p>最新 Kubernetes 版本里，推荐使用 Deployment</p></div> <h2 id="service"><a href="#service" aria-hidden="true" class="header-anchor">#</a> Service</h2> <p><em>如果Pods是短暂的，那么重启时IP地址可能会改变，怎么才能从前端容器正确可靠地指向后台容器呢？</em> <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Service<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a> <strong>抽象</strong>
|
||
现在，假定有2个后台Pod，并且定义后台Service的名称为‘backend-service’，lable选择器为（）。 的Service会完成如下两件重要的事情：</p> <ul><li>会为Service创建一个本地集群的DNS入口，因此前端Pod只需要DNS查找主机名为 ‘backend-service’，就能够解析出前端应用程序可用的IP地址。</li> <li>现在前端已经得到了后台服务的IP地址，但是它应该访问2个后台Pod的哪一个呢？Service在这2个后台Pod之间提供透明的负载均衡，会将请求分发给其中的任意一个（如下面的动画所示）。通过每个Node上运行的代理（kube-proxy）完成。</li></ul> <p>下述动画展示了Service的功能。注意该图作了很多简化。如果不进入网络配置，那么达到透明的负载均衡目标所涉及的底层网络和路由相对先进。如果有兴趣，有更深入的介绍。</p> <p><img src="/assets/img/e7a273fcdc03d2417b354b60c253552f.19ae82d9.gif" alt="3.gif"></p> <p>每个节点都运行如下Kubernetes关键组件：</p> <ul><li>Kubelet：是主节点代理。</li> <li>Kube-proxy：Service使用其将链接路由到Pod，如上文所述。</li> <li>Docker或Rocket：Kubernetes使用的容器技术来创建容器。</li></ul> <h3 id="kubernetes-master"><a href="#kubernetes-master" aria-hidden="true" class="header-anchor">#</a> Kubernetes Master</h3> <p>集群拥有一个Kubernetes Master（紫色方框）。Kubernetes Master提供集群的独特视角，并且拥有一系列组件，比如Kubernetes API Server。API Server提供可以用来和集群交互的REST端点。master节点包括用来创建和复制Pod的Replication Controller。</p></div> <footer class="page-edit"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/eip-work/kuboard-press/edit/master/overview/k8s-core-concepts.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">帮助我们改善此页面！</a> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></div> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">更新时间: </span> <span class="time">2019-07-31 10:46:33</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
|
||
←
|
||
<a href="/overview/" class="prev router-link-active">
|
||
Kuboard 简介
|
||
</a></span> <span class="next"><a href="/overview/why-kuboard.html">
|
||
为什么选择 Kuboard
|
||
</a>
|
||
→
|
||
</span></p></div> <div class="bottom-description" data-v-73c41bb9>Copyright © 2019-present Huanqing Shao | 京ICP备19008693号-2</div></main></div><div class="global-ui"><!----><div class="reading-progress top" data-v-7681808f><div class="progress" data-v-7681808f></div></div></div></div>
|
||
<script src="/assets/js/app.f23e884f.js" defer></script><script src="/assets/js/11.32fc5ebf.js" defer></script><script src="/assets/js/2.dd0e1f2c.js" defer></script><script src="/assets/js/14.71b75ecf.js" defer></script>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|