From f0cf0960da31fe2675511e425d3cba45df2575c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: miaosiqi <1336225019@qq.com>
Date: Sun, 5 Jul 2015 10:49:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Update 09_Summary_of_the_Grammar.md

---
 source/chapter3/09_Summary_of_the_Grammar.md | 561 +++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 380 insertions(+), 181 deletions(-)

diff --git a/source/chapter3/09_Summary_of_the_Grammar.md b/source/chapter3/09_Summary_of_the_Grammar.md
index 2e307e09..f6440c63 100755
--- a/source/chapter3/09_Summary_of_the_Grammar.md
+++ b/source/chapter3/09_Summary_of_the_Grammar.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 > 翻译：[stanzhai](https://github.com/stanzhai)  
-> 校对：[xielingwang](https://github.com/xielingwang)
+> 校对：[xielingwang](https://github.com/xielingwang), [miaosiqi](https://github.com/miaosiqi)
 
 # 语法总结
 _________________
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ _________________
 * [泛型参数（Generic Parameters and Arguments）](#generic_parameters_and_arguments)
 * [声明（Declarations）](#declarations)
 * [模式（Patterns）](#patterns)
-* [特性（Attributes）](#attributes)
+* [属性（Attributes）](#attributes)
 * [表达式（Expressions）](#expressions)
 * [词法结构（Lexical Structure）](#lexical_structure)
 * [类型（Types）](#types)
@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ _________________
 > *语句* → [*分支语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#branch_statement) **;** _可选_  
 > *语句* → [*标记语句(Labeled Statement)*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#labeled_statement)  
 > *语句* → [*控制转移语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#control_transfer_statement) **;** _可选_  
+> *语句* → [*延迟语句*](TODO) **;** _可选_ 
+
+> *语句* → [*执行语句*](TODO) **;** _可选_ 
+
 > *多条语句(Statements)* → [*语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#statement) [*多条语句(Statements)*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#statements) _可选_  
 
 <!-- -->
@@ -33,61 +37,89 @@ _________________
 > *循环语句* → [*for语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#for_statement)  
 > *循环语句* → [*for-in语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#for_in_statement)  
 > *循环语句* → [*while语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#wheetatype类型ile_statement)  
-> *循环语句* → [*do-while语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#do_while_statement)  
+> *循环语句* → [*repeat-while语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#do_while_statement)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > For 循环语法  
 > *for语句* → **for** [*for初始条件*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#for_init) _可选_ **;** [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) _可选_ **;** [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) _可选_ [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block)  
 > *for语句* → **for** **(** [*for初始条件*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#for_init) _可选_ **;** [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) _可选_ **;** [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) _可选_ **)** [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block)  
-> *for初始条件* → [*变量声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#variable_declaration) | [*表达式列表*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression_list)  
+> *for初始条件* → [*变量声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#variable_declaration) | [*表达式集*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression_list)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > For-In 循环语法  
-> *for-in语句* → **for** [*模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#pattern) **in** [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block)  
+> *for-in语句* → **for case** _可选_ [*模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#pattern) **in** [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block) [*where从句*](TODO) _可选_
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > While 循环语法  
-> *while语句* → **while** [*while条件*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#while_condition) [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block)  
-> *while条件* → [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) | [*声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declaration)  
+> *while语句* → **while** [*条件从句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#while_condition) [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block)  
+> *条件从句* → [*表达式*](TODO)
+
+> *条件从句* → [*表达式*](TODO) *,* [*表达式集*]()
+
+>*条件从句* → [*表达式集*](TODO)
+
+> *条件从句* → [*可用条件 (availability-condition*)](TODO) *|* [*表达式集*]()
+
+> *条件集* → [*条件*](TODO) *|* [*条件*](TODO) *,* [*条件集*]()
+
+> *条件* → [*可用条件(availability-condition)*](TODO) *|* [*个例条件(case-condition)*](TODO) *|* [*可选绑定条件(optional-binding-condition)*](TODO)
+
+> *个例条件(case-condition)* → **case** [*模式*](TODO) [*构造器*](TODO) [*where从句*](TODO)_可选_ 
+
+> *可选绑定条件(optional-binding-condition)* → [*可选绑定头(optional-binding-head)*](TODO) [*可选绑定连续集(optional-binding-continuation-list)*](TODO) _可选_ [*where从句*](TODO) _可选_
+
+> *可选绑定头(optional-binding-head)* → **let** [*模式 构造器*](TODO) *|* **var**  [*模式 构造器*](TODO)
+
+> *可选绑定连续集(optional-binding-contiuation-list)* → [*可选绑定连续(optional-binding-contiuation)*](TODO) *|* [*可选绑定连续(optional-binding-contiuation)*](TODO) *，* [*可选绑定连续集(optional-binding-contiuation-list)*](TODO)
+
+> *可选绑定连续(optional-binding-continuation)* → [*模式 构造器*](TODO) *|* [*可选绑定头(optional-binding-head)*](TODO) 
 
 <!-- -->
-
-> Do-While 循环语法  
-> *do-while语句* → **do** [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block) **while** [*while条件*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#while_condition)  
+> Repeat-While语句语法
+*repeat-while-statement* → **repeat** [*代码块*](TODO) **while** [*表达式*](TODO)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 分支语句语法  
-> *分支语句* → [*if语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#if_statement)  
+> *分支语句* → [*if语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#if_statement) 
+
+> *分支语句* → [*guard语句*](TODO)  
+
 > *分支语句* → [*switch语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#switch_statement)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > If语句语法  
-> *if语句* → **if** [*if条件*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#if_condition) [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block) [*else子句(Clause)*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#else_clause) _可选_  
-> *if条件* → [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) | [*声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declaration)  
-> *else子句(Clause)* → **else** [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block) | **else** [*if语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#if_statement)  
+> *if语句* → **if** [*条件从句*](TODO) [*代码块*](TODO) [*else从句(Clause)*](TODO) _可选_  
+ 
+> *else从句(Clause)* → **else** [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block) | **else** [*if语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#if_statement)  
 
+
+<!-- -->
+>Guard 语句语法
+>*guard语句* → **guard** [*条件从句*](TODO) **else** [*代码块*](TODO) 
+
+ 
 <!-- -->
 
 > Switch语句语法  
-> *switch语句* → **switch** [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) **{** [*SwitchCase列表*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#switch_cases) _可选_ **}**  
-> *SwitchCase列表* → [*SwitchCase*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#switch_case) [*SwitchCase列表*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#switch_cases) _可选_  
+> *switch语句* → **switch** [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) **{** [*SwitchCase*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#switch_cases) _可选_ **}**  
+> *SwitchCase集* → [*SwitchCase*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#switch_case) [*SwitchCase集*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#switch_cases) _可选_  
 > *SwitchCase* → [*case标签*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#case_label) [*多条语句(Statements)*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#statements) | [*default标签*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#default_label) [*多条语句(Statements)*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#statements)  
 > *SwitchCase* → [*case标签*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#case_label) **;** | [*default标签*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#default_label) **;**  
-> *case标签* → **case** [*case项列表*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#case_item_list) **:**  
-> *case项列表* → [*模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#pattern) [*guard-clause*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#guard_clause) _可选_ | [*模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#pattern) [*guard-clause*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#guard_clause) _可选_ **,** [*case项列表*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#case_item_list)  
+> *case标签* → **case** [*case项集*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#case_item_list) **:**  
+> *case项集* → [*模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#pattern) [*where-clause*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#guard_clause) _可选_ | [*模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#pattern) [*where-clause*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#guard_clause) _可选_ **,** [*case项集*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#case_item_list)  
 > *default标签* → **default** **:**  
-> *guard-clause* → **where** [*guard-expression*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#guard_expression)  
-> *guard-expression* → [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression)  
+> *where从句* → **where** [*where表达式*](TODO)  
+> *where表达式* → [*表达式*](TODO)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 标记语句语法  
-> *标记语句(Labeled Statement)* → [*语句标签*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#statement_label) [*循环语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#loop_statement) | [*语句标签*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#statement_label) [*switch语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#switch_statement)  
+> *标记语句(Labeled Statement)* → [*语句标签*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#statement_label) [*循环语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#loop_statement) | [*语句标签*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#statement_label) [*if语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#switch_statement) | [*语句标签*](TODY) [*switch语句*](TODY) 
 > *语句标签* → [*标签名称*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#label_name) **:**  
 > *标签名称* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier)  
 
@@ -97,7 +129,8 @@ _________________
 > *控制传递语句* → [*break语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#break_statement)  
 > *控制传递语句* → [*continue语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#continue_statement)  
 > *控制传递语句* → [*fallthrough语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#fallthrough_statement)  
-> *控制传递语句* → [*return语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#return_statement)  
+> *控制传递语句* → [*return语句*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#return_statement) 
+> *控制传递语句* → [*throw语句*](TODO) 
 
 <!-- -->
 
@@ -119,27 +152,71 @@ _________________
 > Return 语句语法  
 > *return语句* → **return** [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) _可选_  
 
+<!-- -->
+>可用条件(Availability Condition)语法
+
+>*可用条件(availability-condition)* → **#available** **(** [*多可用参数*(availability-arguments)](TODO) **)** 
+
+>*多可用参数(availability- arguments)* → [*可用参数(availability-argument)*](TODO)|[*可用参数(availability-argument)*](TODO) , [多可用参数(availability-arguments)](TODO)
+
+>*可用参数(availability- argument)* → [*平台名(platform-name)*](TODO) [*平台版本(platform-version)*](TODO)
+
+>*可用参数(availability- argument)* → *
+
+>*平台名* → **iOS** | **iOSApplicationExtension**
+
+>*平台名* → **OSX** | **OSXApplicationExtension**
+
+>*平台名* → **watchOS** 
+
+>*平台版本* → [*十进制数(decimal-digits)*](TODO)
+
+>*平台版本* → [*十进制数(decimal-digits)*](TODO) . [*十进制数(decimal-digits)*](TODO) 
+
+>*平台版本* → [*十进制数(decimal-digits)*](TODO) **.** [*十进制数(decimal-digits)*](TODO) **.** [*十进制数（decimal-digits)*](TODO))
+
+<!-- -->
+>抛出语句(Throw Statement)语法
+
+>*抛出语句(throw-statement)* → **throw** [*表达式(expression)*](TODO)
+
+<!-- -->
+>延迟语句 (defer-statement)语法
+
+>*延迟语句(defer-statement)* → **defer** [*代码块*](TODO)
+
+<!-- -->
+>执行语句(do-statement)语法
+
+>*执行语句(do-statement)* → **do** [*代码块*](TODO) [*catch-clauses*](TODO) _可选_
+
+>*catch-clauses* → [*catch-clause*](TODO) [*catch-clauses*](TODO) _可选_
+
+>*catch-clauses* → **catch** [*模式(pattern)*](TODO) _可选_  [*where-clause*](TODO) _可选_ [*代码块(code-block)*](TODO) _可选_
+
+
+
 <a name="generic_parameters_and_arguments"></a>
 ## 泛型参数
 
-> 泛型形参子句(Generic Parameter Clause) 语法  
-> *泛型参数子句* → **<** [*泛型参数列表*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter_list) [*约束子句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#requirement_clause) _可选_ **>**  
-> *泛型参数列表* → [*泛形参数*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter) | [*泛形参数*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter) **,** [*泛型参数列表*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter_list)  
+> 泛型形参从句(Generic Parameter Clause) 语法  
+> *泛型参数从句* → **<** [*泛型参数集*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter_list) [*约束从句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#requirement_clause) _可选_ **>**  
+> *泛型参数集* → [*泛形参数*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter) | [*泛形参数*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter) **,** [*泛型参数集*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter_list)  
 > *泛形参数* → [*类型名称*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_name)  
 > *泛形参数* → [*类型名称*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_name) **:** [*类型标识*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier)  
 > *泛形参数* → [*类型名称*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_name) **:** [*协议合成类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#protocol_composition_type)  
-> *约束子句* → **where** [*约束列表*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#requirement_list)  
-> *约束列表* → [*约束*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#requirement) | [*约束*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#requirement) **,** [*约束列表*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#requirement_list)  
+> *约束从句* → **where** [*约束集*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#requirement_list)  
+> *约束集* → [*约束*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#requirement) | [*约束*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#requirement) **,** [*约束集*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#requirement_list)  
 > *约束* → [*一致性约束*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#conformance_requirement) | [*同类型约束*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#same_type_requirement)  
 > *一致性约束* → [*类型标识*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier) **:** [*类型标识*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier)  
 > *一致性约束* → [*类型标识*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier) **:** [*协议合成类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#protocol_composition_type)  
-> *同类型约束* → [*类型标识*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier) **==** [*类型标识*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier)  
+> *同类型约束* → [*类型标识*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier) **==** [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
-> 泛型实参子句语法  
-> *(泛型参数子句Generic Argument Clause)* → **<** [*泛型参数列表*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_argument_list) **>**  
-> *泛型参数列表* → [*泛型参数*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_argument) | [*泛型参数*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_argument) **,** [*泛型参数列表*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_argument_list)  
+> 泛型实参从句语法  
+> *(泛型参数从句Generic Argument Clause)* → **<** [*泛型参数集*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_argument_list) **>**  
+> *泛型参数集* → [*泛型参数*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_argument) | [*泛型参数*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_argument) **,** [*泛型参数集*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_argument_list)  
 > *泛型参数* → [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type)  
 
 <a name="declarations"></a>
@@ -160,9 +237,8 @@ _________________
 > *声明* → [*扩展声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#extension_declaration)  
 > *声明* → [*下标脚本声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#subscript_declaration)  
 > *声明* → [*运算符声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#operator_declaration)  
-> *声明(Declarations)列表* → [*声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declaration) [*声明(Declarations)列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declarations) _可选_  
-> *声明描述符(Specifiers)列表* → [*声明描述符(Specifier)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declaration_specifier) [*声明描述符(Specifiers)列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declaration_specifiers) _可选_  
-> *声明描述符(Specifier)* → **class** | **mutating** | **nonmutating** | **override** | **static** | **unowned** | **unowned(safe)** | **unowned(unsafe)** | **weak**  
+> *声明(Declarations)集* → [*声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declaration) [*声明(Declarations)集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declarations) _可选_  
+ 
 
 <!-- -->
 
@@ -177,7 +253,7 @@ _________________
 <!-- -->
 
 > 导入(Import)声明语法  
-> *导入声明* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **import** [*导入类型*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#import_kind) _可选_ [*导入路径*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#import_path)  
+> *导入声明* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **import** [*导入类型*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#import_kind) _可选_ [*导入路径*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#import_path)  
 > *导入类型* → **typealias** | **struct** | **class** | **enum** | **protocol** | **var** | **func**  
 > *导入路径* → [*导入路径标识符*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#import_path_identifier) | [*导入路径标识符*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#import_path_identifier) **.** [*导入路径*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#import_path)  
 > *导入路径标识符* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier) | [*运算符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#operator)  
@@ -185,108 +261,117 @@ _________________
 <!-- -->
 
 > 常数声明语法  
-> *常量声明* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*声明描述符(Specifiers)列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declaration_specifiers) _可选_ **let** [*模式构造器列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#pattern_initializer_list)  
-> *模式构造器列表* → [*模式构造器*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#pattern_initializer) | [*模式构造器*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#pattern_initializer) **,** [*模式构造器列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#pattern_initializer_list)  
+> *常量声明* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*声明修改符(Modifiers)集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declaration_specifiers) _可选_ **let** [*模式构造器集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#pattern_initializer_list)  
+> *模式构造器集* → [*模式构造器*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#pattern_initializer) | [*模式构造器*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#pattern_initializer) **,** [*模式构造器集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#pattern_initializer_list)  
 > *模式构造器* → [*模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#pattern) [*构造器*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#initializer) _可选_  
 > *构造器* → **=** [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 变量声明语法  
-> *变量声明* → [*变量声明头(Head)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#variable_declaration_head) [*模式构造器列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#pattern_initializer_list)  
+> *变量声明* → [*变量声明头(Head)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#variable_declaration_head) [*模式构造器集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#pattern_initializer_list)  
 > *变量声明* → [*变量声明头(Head)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#variable_declaration_head) [*变量名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#variable_name) [*类型注解*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_annotation) [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block)  
 > *变量声明* → [*变量声明头(Head)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#variable_declaration_head) [*变量名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#variable_name) [*类型注解*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_annotation) [*getter-setter块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#getter_setter_block)  
 > *变量声明* → [*变量声明头(Head)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#variable_declaration_head) [*变量名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#variable_name) [*类型注解*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_annotation) [*getter-setter关键字(Keyword)块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#getter_setter_keyword_block)  
 > *变量声明* → [*变量声明头(Head)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#variable_declaration_head) [*变量名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#variable_name) [*类型注解*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_annotation) [*构造器*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#initializer) _可选_ [*willSet-didSet代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#willSet_didSet_block)  
-> *变量声明头(Head)* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*声明描述符(Specifiers)列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declaration_specifiers) _可选_ **var**  
+> *变量声明头(Head)* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*声明修改符(Modifers)集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declaration_specifiers) _可选_ **var**  
 > *变量名称* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier)  
-> *getter-setter块* → **{** [*getter子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#getter_clause) [*setter子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#setter_clause) _可选_ **}**  
-> *getter-setter块* → **{** [*setter子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#setter_clause) [*getter子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#getter_clause) **}**  
-> *getter子句* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **get** [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block)  
-> *setter子句* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **set** [*setter名称*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#setter_name) _可选_ [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block)  
+> *getter-setter块* → **{** [*getter从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#getter_clause) [*setter从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#setter_clause) _可选_ **}**  
+> *getter-setter块* → **{** [*setter从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#setter_clause) [*getter从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#getter_clause) **}**  
+> *getter从句* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **get** [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block)  
+> *setter从句* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **set** [*setter名称*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#setter_name) _可选_ [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block)  
 > *setter名称* → **(** [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier) **)**  
-> *getter-setter关键字(Keyword)块* → **{** [*getter关键字(Keyword)子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#getter_keyword_clause) [*setter关键字(Keyword)子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#setter_keyword_clause) _可选_ **}**  
-> *getter-setter关键字(Keyword)块* → **{** [*setter关键字(Keyword)子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#setter_keyword_clause) [*getter关键字(Keyword)子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#getter_keyword_clause) **}**  
-> *getter关键字(Keyword)子句* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **get**  
-> *setter关键字(Keyword)子句* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **set**  
-> *willSet-didSet代码块* → **{** [*willSet子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#willSet_clause) [*didSet子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#didSet_clause) _可选_ **}**  
-> *willSet-didSet代码块* → **{** [*didSet子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#didSet_clause) [*willSet子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#willSet_clause) **}**  
-> *willSet子句* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **willSet** [*setter名称*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#setter_name) _可选_ [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block)  
-> *didSet子句* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **didSet** [*setter名称*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#setter_name) _可选_ [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block)  
+> *getter-setter关键字(Keyword)块* → **{** [*getter关键字(Keyword)从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#getter_keyword_clause) [*setter关键字(Keyword)从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#setter_keyword_clause) _可选_ **}**  
+> *getter-setter关键字(Keyword)块* → **{** [*setter关键字(Keyword)从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#setter_keyword_clause) [*getter关键字(Keyword)从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#getter_keyword_clause) **}**  
+> *getter关键字(Keyword)从句* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **get**  
+> *setter关键字(Keyword)从句* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **set**  
+> *willSet-didSet代码块* → **{** [*willSet从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#willSet_clause) [*didSet从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#didSet_clause) _可选_ **}**  
+> *willSet-didSet代码块* → **{** [*didSet从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#didSet_clause) [*willSet从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#willSet_clause) **}**  
+> *willSet从句* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **willSet** [*setter名称*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#setter_name) _可选_ [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block)  
+> *didSet从句* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **didSet** [*setter名称*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#setter_name) _可选_ [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 类型别名声明语法  
 > *类型别名声明* → [*类型别名头(Head)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#typealias_head) [*类型别名赋值*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#typealias_assignment)  
-> *类型别名头(Head)* → **typealias** [*类型别名名称*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#typealias_name)  
+> *类型别名头(Head)* → [*属性*](TODO) _可选_ [*访问级别修改符(access-level-modifier)*](TODO) **typealias** [*类型别名名称*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#typealias_name)  
 > *类型别名名称* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier)  
 > *类型别名赋值* → **=** [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 函数声明语法  
-> *函数声明* → [*函数头*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_head) [*函数名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_name) [*泛型参数子句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter_clause) _可选_ [*函数签名(Signature)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_signature) [*函数体*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_body)  
-> *函数头* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*声明描述符(Specifiers)列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declaration_specifiers) _可选_ **func**  
+> *函数声明* → [*函数头*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_head) [*函数名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_name) [*泛型参数从句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter_clause) _可选_ [*函数签名(Signature)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_signature) [*函数体*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_body)  
+> *函数头* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*声明描述符(Specifiers)集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declaration_specifiers) _可选_ **func**  
 > *函数名* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier) | [*运算符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#operator)  
-> *函数签名(Signature)* → [*parameter-clauses*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_clauses) [*函数结果*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_result) _可选_  
-> *函数结果* → **->** [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type)  
+> *函数签名(Signature)* → [*parameter-clauses*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_clauses) **throws** _可选_ [*函数结果*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_result) _可选_ 
+
+> *函数签名(Signature)* → [*parameter-clauses*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_clauses) **rethrows** [*函数结果*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_result) _可选_  
+> *函数结果* → **->** [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type)  
 > *函数体* → [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block)  
-> *parameter-clauses* → [*参数子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_clause) [*parameter-clauses*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_clauses) _可选_  
-> *参数子句* → **(** **)** | **(** [*参数列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_list) **...** _可选_ **)**  
-> *参数列表* → [*参数*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter) | [*参数*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter) **,** [*参数列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_list)  
-> *参数* → **inout** _可选_ **let** _可选_ **#** _可选_ [*参数名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_name) [*本地参数名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#local_parameter_name) _可选_ [*类型注解*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_annotation) [*默认参数子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#default_argument_clause) _可选_  
-> *参数* → **inout** _可选_ **var** **#** _可选_ [*参数名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_name) [*本地参数名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#local_parameter_name) _可选_ [*类型注解*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_annotation) [*默认参数子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#default_argument_clause) _可选_  
-> *参数* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type)  
-> *参数名* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier) | **_**  
+> *参数从句* → [*参数从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_clause) [*parameter-clauses*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_clauses) _可选_  
+> *参数从句* → **(** **)** | **(** [*参数集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_list) **...** _可选_ **)**  
+> *参数集* → [*参数*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter) | [*参数*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter) **,** [*参数集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_list)  
+> *参数* → **inout** _可选_ **let** _可选_ [*外部参数名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_name) _可选_ [*本地参数名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#local_parameter_name) _可选_ [*类型注解*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_annotation) [*默认参数从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#default_argument_clause) _可选_  
+> *参数* → **inout** _可选_ **var** [*外部参数名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_name) [*本地参数名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#local_parameter_name) _可选_ [*类型注解*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_annotation) [*默认参数从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#default_argument_clause) _可选_  
+> *参数* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type)  
+> *外部参数名* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier) | **_**  
 > *本地参数名* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier) | **_**  
-> *默认参数子句* → **=** [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression)  
+> *默认参数从句* → **=** [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 枚举声明语法  
-> *枚举声明* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*联合式枚举*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#union_style_enum) | [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*原始值式枚举*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#raw_value_style_enum)  
-> *联合式枚举* → [*枚举名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#enum_name) [*泛型参数子句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter_clause) _可选_ **{** [*union-style-enum-members*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#union_style_enum_members) _可选_ **}**  
-> *union-style-enum-members* → [*union-style-enum-member*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#union_style_enum_member) [*union-style-enum-members*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#union_style_enum_members) _可选_  
-> *union-style-enum-member* → [*声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declaration) | [*联合式(Union Style)的枚举case子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#union_style_enum_case_clause)  
-> *联合式(Union Style)的枚举case子句* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **case** [*联合式(Union Style)的枚举case列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#union_style_enum_case_list)  
-> *联合式(Union Style)的枚举case列表* → [*联合式(Union Style)的case*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#union_style_enum_case) | [*联合式(Union Style)的case*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#union_style_enum_case) **,** [*联合式(Union Style)的枚举case列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#union_style_enum_case_list)  
-> *联合式(Union Style)的case* → [*枚举的case名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#enum_case_name) [*元组类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#tuple_type) _可选_  
+> *枚举声明* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*访问级别修改器(access-level-modifier)*](TODO) _可选_ [*联合式枚举*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#union_style_enum) 
+
+> *枚举声明* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*访问级别修改器(access-level-modifier)*](TODO) _可选_ [*原始值式枚举(raw-value-style-enum)*](TODO)
+
+> *联合式枚举* → **enum** [*枚举名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#enum_name) [*泛型参数从句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter_clause) _可选_ [*类型继承从句(type-inheritance-clause)*](TODO) _可选_ **{** [*联合样式枚举成员*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#union_style_enum_members) _可选_ **}**  
+
+> *联合样式枚举成员* → [*union-style-enum-member*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#union_style_enum_member) [*联合样式枚举成员*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#union_style_enum_members) _可选_  
+
+> *联合样式枚举成员* → [*声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declaration) | [*联合式(Union Style)的枚举case从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#union_style_enum_case_clause)  
+
+> *联合式(Union Style)的枚举case从句* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **case** [*联合式(Union Style)的枚举case集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#union_style_enum_case_list)  
+> *联合式(Union Style)的枚举case集* → [*联合式(Union Style)的case*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#union_style_enum_case) | [*联合式(Union Style)的case*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#union_style_enum_case) **,** [*联合式(Union Style)的枚举case集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#union_style_enum_case_list)  
+> *联合式(Union Style)的枚举case* → [*枚举的case名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#enum_case_name) [*元组类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#tuple_type) _可选_  
 > *枚举名* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier)  
 > *枚举的case名* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier)  
-> *原始值式枚举* → [*枚举名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#enum_name) [*泛型参数子句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter_clause) _可选_ **:** [*类型标识*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier) **{** [*原始值式枚举成员列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#raw_value_style_enum_members) _可选_ **}**  
-> *原始值式枚举成员列表* → [*原始值式枚举成员*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#raw_value_style_enum_member) [*原始值式枚举成员列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#raw_value_style_enum_members) _可选_  
-> *原始值式枚举成员* → [*声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declaration) | [*原始值式枚举case子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#raw_value_style_enum_case_clause)  
-> *原始值式枚举case子句* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **case** [*原始值式枚举case列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#raw_value_style_enum_case_list)  
-> *原始值式枚举case列表* → [*原始值式枚举case*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#raw_value_style_enum_case) | [*原始值式枚举case*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#raw_value_style_enum_case) **,** [*原始值式枚举case列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#raw_value_style_enum_case_list)  
+> *原始值式枚举* → **enum** [*枚举名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#enum_name) [*泛型参数从句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter_clause) _可选_ **:** [*类型标识*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier) **{** [*原始值式枚举成员集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#raw_value_style_enum_members) _可选_ **}**  
+> *原始值式枚举成员集* → [*原始值式枚举成员*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#raw_value_style_enum_member) [*原始值式枚举成员集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#raw_value_style_enum_members) _可选_  
+> *原始值式枚举成员* → [*声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declaration) | [*原始值式枚举case从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#raw_value_style_enum_case_clause)  
+> *原始值式枚举case从句* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **case** [*原始值式枚举case集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#raw_value_style_enum_case_list)  
+> *原始值式枚举case集* → [*原始值式枚举case*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#raw_value_style_enum_case) | [*原始值式枚举case*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#raw_value_style_enum_case) **,** [*原始值式枚举case集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#raw_value_style_enum_case_list)  
 > *原始值式枚举case* → [*枚举的case名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#enum_case_name) [*原始值赋值*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#raw_value_assignment) _可选_  
-> *原始值赋值* → **=** [*字面量*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#literal)  
+> *原始值赋值* → **=** [*字面量*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#literal) 
+> *原始值字面量(raw-value-literal)* → [*数值字面量*](TODO) | [*字符串字面量*](TODO) | [*布尔字面量*](TODO)
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 结构体声明语法  
-> *结构体声明* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **struct** [*结构体名称*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#struct_name) [*泛型参数子句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter_clause) _可选_ [*类型继承子句*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_inheritance_clause) _可选_ [*结构体主体*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#struct_body)  
+> *结构体声明* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*访问级别修改器(access-level-modifier)*](TODO) _可选_ **struct** [*结构体名称*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#struct_name) [*泛型参数从句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter_clause) _可选_ [*类型继承从句*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_inheritance_clause) _可选_ [*结构体主体*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#struct_body)  
 > *结构体名称* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier)  
-> *结构体主体* → **{** [*声明(Declarations)列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declarations) _可选_ **}**  
+> *结构体主体* → **{** [*声明(Declarations)集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declarations) _可选_ **}**  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 类声明语法  
-> *类声明* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **class** [*类名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#class_name) [*泛型参数子句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter_clause) _可选_ [*类型继承子句*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_inheritance_clause) _可选_ [*类主体*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#class_body)  
+> *类声明* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*访问级别修改器(access-level-modifier)*](TODO) **class** [*类名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#class_name) [*泛型参数从句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter_clause) _可选_ [*类型继承从句*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_inheritance_clause) _可选_ [*类主体*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#class_body)  
 > *类名* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier)  
-> *类主体* → **{** [*声明(Declarations)列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declarations) _可选_ **}**  
+> *类主体* → **{** [*声明(Declarations)集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declarations) _可选_ **}**  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 协议(Protocol)声明语法  
-> *协议声明* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **protocol** [*协议名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#protocol_name) [*类型继承子句*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_inheritance_clause) _可选_ [*协议主体*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#protocol_body)  
+> *协议声明* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_[*访问级别修改器(access-level-modifier)*](TODO)  **protocol** [*协议名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#protocol_name) [*类型继承从句*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_inheritance_clause) _可选_ [*协议主体*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#protocol_body)  
 > *协议名* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier)  
-> *协议主体* → **{** [*协议成员声明(Declarations)列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#protocol_member_declarations) _可选_ **}**  
+> *协议主体* → **{** [*协议成员声明(Declarations)集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#protocol_member_declarations) _可选_ **}**  
 > *协议成员声明* → [*协议属性声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#protocol_property_declaration)  
 > *协议成员声明* → [*协议方法声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#protocol_method_declaration)  
 > *协议成员声明* → [*协议构造器声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#protocol_initializer_declaration)  
 > *协议成员声明* → [*协议下标脚本声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#protocol_subscript_declaration)  
 > *协议成员声明* → [*协议关联类型声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#protocol_associated_type_declaration)  
-> *协议成员声明(Declarations)列表* → [*协议成员声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#protocol_member_declaration) [*协议成员声明(Declarations)列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#protocol_member_declarations) _可选_  
+> *协议成员声明(Declarations)集* → [*协议成员声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#protocol_member_declaration) [*协议成员声明(Declarations)集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#protocol_member_declarations) _可选_  
 
 <!-- -->
 
@@ -296,12 +381,12 @@ _________________
 <!-- -->
 
 > 协议方法声明语法  
-> *协议方法声明* → [*函数头*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_head) [*函数名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_name) [*泛型参数子句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter_clause) _可选_ [*函数签名(Signature)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_signature)  
+> *协议方法声明* → [*函数头*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_head) [*函数名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_name) [*泛型参数从句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter_clause) _可选_ [*函数签名(Signature)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_signature)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 协议构造器声明语法  
-> *协议构造器声明* → [*构造器头(Head)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#initializer_head) [*泛型参数子句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter_clause) _可选_ [*参数子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_clause)  
+> *协议构造器声明* → [*构造器头(Head)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#initializer_head) [*泛型参数从句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter_clause) _可选_ [*参数从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_clause)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
@@ -311,25 +396,29 @@ _________________
 <!-- -->
 
 > 协议关联类型声明语法  
-> *协议关联类型声明* → [*类型别名头(Head)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#typealias_head) [*类型继承子句*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_inheritance_clause) _可选_ [*类型别名赋值*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#typealias_assignment) _可选_  
+> *协议关联类型声明* → [*类型别名头(Head)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#typealias_head) [*类型继承从句*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_inheritance_clause) _可选_ [*类型别名赋值*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#typealias_assignment) _可选_  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 构造器声明语法  
-> *构造器声明* → [*构造器头(Head)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#initializer_head) [*泛型参数子句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter_clause) _可选_ [*参数子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_clause) [*构造器主体*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#initializer_body)  
-> *构造器头(Head)* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **convenience** _可选_ **init**  
+> *构造器声明* → [*构造器头(Head)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#initializer_head) [*泛型参数从句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_parameter_clause) _可选_ [*参数从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_clause) [*构造器主体*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#initializer_body)  
+> *构造器头(Head)* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*声明修改器集(declaration-modifiers)*](TODO) _可选_  **init**  
+> *构造器头(Head)* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*声明修改器集(declaration-modifiers)*](TODO) _可选_  **init ?**
+
+> *构造器头(Head)* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*声明修改器集(declaration-modifiers)*](TODO) _可选_  **init !**    
+
 > *构造器主体* → [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 析构器声明语法  
-> *析构器声明* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **deinit** [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block)  
+> *析构器声明* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **deinit** [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 扩展(Extension)声明语法  
-> *扩展声明* → **extension** [*类型标识*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier) [*类型继承子句*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_inheritance_clause) _可选_ [*extension-body*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#extension_body)  
-> *extension-body* → **{** [*声明(Declarations)列表*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declarations) _可选_ **}**  
+> *扩展声明* → [*访问级别修改器*](TODO) _可选_ **extension** [*类型标识*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier) [*类型继承从句*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_inheritance_clause) _可选_ [*extension-body*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#extension_body)  
+> *extension-body* → **{** [*声明(Declarations)集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#declarations) _可选_ **}**  
 
 <!-- -->
 
@@ -337,32 +426,51 @@ _________________
 > *下标脚本声明* → [*下标脚本头(Head)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#subscript_head) [*下标脚本结果(Result)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#subscript_result) [*代码块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#code_block)  
 > *下标脚本声明* → [*下标脚本头(Head)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#subscript_head) [*下标脚本结果(Result)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#subscript_result) [*getter-setter块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#getter_setter_block)  
 > *下标脚本声明* → [*下标脚本头(Head)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#subscript_head) [*下标脚本结果(Result)*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#subscript_result) [*getter-setter关键字(Keyword)块*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#getter_setter_keyword_block)  
-> *下标脚本头(Head)* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **subscript** [*参数子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_clause)  
-> *下标脚本结果(Result)* → **->** [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type)  
+> *下标脚本头(Head)* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*声明修改器(declaration-modifiers)*](TODO) _可选_ **subscript** [*参数从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_clause)  
+> *下标脚本结果(Result)* → **->** [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 运算符声明语法  
 > *运算符声明* → [*前置运算符声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#prefix_operator_declaration) | [*后置运算符声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#postfix_operator_declaration) | [*中置运算符声明*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#infix_operator_declaration)  
-> *前置运算符声明* → **运算符** **prefix** [*运算符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#operator) **{** **}**  
-> *后置运算符声明* → **运算符** **postfix** [*运算符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#operator) **{** **}**  
-> *中置运算符声明* → **运算符** **infix** [*运算符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#operator) **{** [*中置运算符属性*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#infix_operator_attributes) _可选_ **}**  
-> *中置运算符属性* → [*优先级子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#precedence_clause) _可选_ [*结和性子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#associativity_clause) _可选_  
-> *优先级子句* → **precedence** [*优先级水平*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#precedence_level)  
-> *优先级水平* → 数值 0 到 255  
-> *结和性子句* → **associativity** [*结和性*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#associativity)  
+> *前置运算符声明* → **prefix** **运算符**  [*运算符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#operator) **{** **}**  
+> *后置运算符声明* → **postfix** **运算符**  [*运算符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#operator) **{** **}**  
+> *中置运算符声明* → **infix** **运算符**  [*运算符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#operator) **{** [*中置运算符属性集*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#infix_operator_attributes) _可选_ **}**  
+> *中置运算符属性集* → [*优先级从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#precedence_clause) _可选_ [*结和性从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#associativity_clause) _可选_  
+> *优先级从句* → **precedence** [*优先级水平*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#precedence_level)  
+> *优先级水平* → 数值 0 到 255，首末项包括在内 
+> *结和性从句* → **associativity** [*结和性*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#associativity)  
 > *结和性* → **left** | **right** | **none**  
 
+<!-- -->
+声明修改器语法
+> *声明修改器* → **类** | **便捷(convenience)** | **动态(dynamic)** | **final** | **中置(infix)** | **lazy** | **可变(mutating)** | **不可变(nonmutating)** | **可选(optional)** | **改写(override)** | **后置** | **前置** | **required** | **static** | **unowned** | **unowned(safe)** | **unowned(unsafe)** | **弱(weak)**
+
+> *声明修改器* → [*访问级别声明器(access-level-modifier)*](TODO)
+
+> *声明修改集* → [*声明修改器*](TODO) [*声明修改器集*](TODO) _可选_
+
+> *访问级别修改器* → **内部的** | **内部的(set)** 
+
+> *访问级别修改器* → **私有的** | **私有的(set)** 
+
+> *访问级别修改器* → **公共的** 
+| **公共的(set)** 
+
+> *访问级别修改器集* →[*访问级别修改器*](TODO) [*访问级别修改器集*](TODO) _可选_ 
+
 <a name="patterns"></a>
 ## 模式
 
 > 模式(Patterns) 语法  
 > *模式* → [*通配符模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#wildcard_pattern) [*类型注解*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_annotation) _可选_  
-> *模式* → [*标识符模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#identifier_pattern) [*类型注解*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_annotati(Value Binding)on) _可选_  
+> *模式* → [*标识符模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#identifier_pattern) [*类型注解*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_annotati Value Bindingon ) _可选_  
 > *模式* → [*值绑定模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#value_binding_pattern)  
 > *模式* → [*元组模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#tuple_pattern) [*类型注解*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_annotation) _可选_  
-> *模式* → [*enum-case-pattern*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#enum_case_pattern)  
-> *模式* → [*type-casting-pattern*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#type_casting_pattern)  
+ 
+> *模式* → [*枚举个例模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#enum_case_pattern)  
+> *模式* → [*可选模式*](TODO) 
+> *模式* → [*类型转换模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#type_casting_pattern)  
 > *模式* → [*表达式模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#expression_pattern)  
 
 <!-- -->
@@ -383,19 +491,24 @@ _________________
 <!-- -->
 
 > 元组模式语法  
-> *元组模式* → **(** [*元组模式元素列表*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#tuple_pattern_element_list) _可选_ **)**  
-> *元组模式元素列表* → [*元组模式元素*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#tuple_pattern_element) | [*元组模式元素*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#tuple_pattern_element) **,** [*元组模式元素列表*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#tuple_pattern_element_list)  
+> *元组模式* → **(** [*元组模式元素集*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#tuple_pattern_element_list) _可选_ **)**  
+> *元组模式元素集* → [*元组模式元素*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#tuple_pattern_element) | [*元组模式元素*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#tuple_pattern_element) **,** [*元组模式元素集*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#tuple_pattern_element_list)  
 > *元组模式元素* → [*模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#pattern)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 枚举用例模式语法  
-> *enum-case-pattern* → [*类型标识*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier) _可选_ **.** [*枚举的case名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#enum_case_name) [*元组模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#tuple_pattern) _可选_  
+> *enum-case-pattern* → [*类型标识*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier) _可选_ **.** [*枚举的case名*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#enum_case_name) [*元组模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#tuple_pattern) _可选_ 
+
+<!-- -->
+> 可选模式语法
+> *可选模式* → [*识别符模式*](TODO) **?**
+
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 类型转换模式语法  
-> *type-casting-pattern* → [*is模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#is_pattern) | [*as模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#as_pattern)  
+> *类型转换模式(type-casting-pattern)* → [*is模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#is_pattern) | [*as模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#as_pattern)  
 > *is模式* → **is** [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type)  
 > *as模式* → [*模式*](..\chapter3\07_Patterns.html#pattern) **as** [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type)  
 
@@ -405,17 +518,17 @@ _________________
 > *表达式模式* → [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression)  
 
 <a name="attributes"></a>
-## 特性
+## 属性
 
-> 特性语法  
-> *特色* → **@** [*特性名*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attribute_name) [*特性参数子句*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attribute_argument_clause) _可选_  
-> *特性名* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier)  
-> *特性参数子句* → **(** [*平衡令牌列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#balanced_tokens) _可选_ **)**  
-> *特性(Attributes)列表* → [*特色*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attribute) [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_  
-> *平衡令牌列表* → [*平衡令牌*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#balanced_token) [*平衡令牌列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#balanced_tokens) _可选_  
-> *平衡令牌* → **(** [*平衡令牌列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#balanced_tokens) _可选_ **)**  
-> *平衡令牌* → **[** [*平衡令牌列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#balanced_tokens) _可选_ **]**  
-> *平衡令牌* → **{** [*平衡令牌列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#balanced_tokens) _可选_ **}**  
+> 属性语法  
+> *属性* → **@** [*属性名*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attribute_name) [*属性参数从句*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attribute_argument_clause) _可选_  
+> *属性名* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier)  
+> *属性参数从句* → **(** [*平衡令牌集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#balanced_tokens) _可选_ **)**  
+> *属性(Attributes)集* → [*属性*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attribute) [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_  
+> *平衡令牌集* → [*平衡令牌*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#balanced_token) [*平衡令牌集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#balanced_tokens) _可选_  
+> *平衡令牌* → **(** [*平衡令牌集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#balanced_tokens) _可选_ **)**  
+> *平衡令牌* → **[** [*平衡令牌集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#balanced_tokens) _可选_ **]**  
+> *平衡令牌* → **{** [*平衡令牌集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#balanced_tokens) _可选_ **}**  
 > *平衡令牌* → **任意标识符, 关键字, 字面量或运算符**  
 > *平衡令牌* → **任意标点除了(, ), [, ], {, 或 }**
 
@@ -423,24 +536,29 @@ _________________
 ## 表达式
 
 > 表达式语法  
-> *表达式* → [*前置表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#prefix_expression) [*二元表达式列表*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#binary_expressions) _可选_  
-> *表达式列表* → [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) | [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) **,** [*表达式列表*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression_list)  
+> *表达式* → [*try-operator*](TODO) _可选_ [*前置表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#prefix_expression) [*二元表达式集*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#binary_expressions) _可选_  
+> *表达式集* → [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) | [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) **,** [*表达式集*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression_list)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 前置表达式语法  
 > *前置表达式* → [*前置运算符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#prefix_operator) _可选_ [*后置表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#postfix_expression)  
 > *前置表达式* → [*写入写出(in-out)表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#in_out_expression)  
-> *写入写出(in-out)表达式* → **&** [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier)  
+> *写入写出(in-out)表达式* → **&** [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier) 
+
+<!-- -->
+> try表达式语法
+> *try-operator* → **try** | **try !**  
+
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 二元表达式语法  
 > *二元表达式* → [*二元运算符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#binary_operator) [*前置表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#prefix_expression)  
-> *二元表达式* → [*赋值运算符*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#assignment_operator) [*前置表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#prefix_expression)  
-> *二元表达式* → [*条件运算符*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#conditional_operator) [*前置表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#prefix_expression)  
+> *二元表达式* → [*赋值运算符*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#assignment_operator) [*try运算符*](TODO) _可选_ [*前置表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#prefix_expression)  
+> *二元表达式* → [*条件运算符*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#conditional_operator) [*try运算符*](TODO) _可选_ [*前置表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#prefix_expression)  
 > *二元表达式* → [*类型转换运算符*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#type_casting_operator)  
-> *二元表达式列表* → [*二元表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#binary_expression) [*二元表达式列表*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#binary_expressions) _可选_  
+> *二元表达式集* → [*二元表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#binary_expression) [*二元表达式集*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#binary_expressions) _可选_  
 
 <!-- -->
 
@@ -455,12 +573,20 @@ _________________
 <!-- -->
 
 > 类型转换运算符语法  
-> *类型转换运算符* → **is** [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type) | **as** **?** _可选_ [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type)  
+> *类型转换运算符* → **is** [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type) 
+
+> *类型转换运算符* → **as** [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type) 
+
+> *类型转换运算符* → **as ?** [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type) 
+
+> *类型转换运算符* → **as !** [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type) 
+
+
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 主表达式语法  
-> *主表达式* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier) [*泛型参数子句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_argument_clause) _可选_  
+> *主表达式* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier) [*泛型参数从句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_argument_clause) _可选_  
 > *主表达式* → [*字面量表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#literal_expression)  
 > *主表达式* → [*self表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#self_expression)  
 > *主表达式* → [*超类表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#superclass_expression)  
@@ -475,11 +601,11 @@ _________________
 > *字面量表达式* → [*字面量*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#literal)  
 > *字面量表达式* → [*数组字面量*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#array_literal) | [*字典字面量*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#dictionary_literal)  
 > *字面量表达式* → **&#95;&#95;FILE&#95;&#95;** | **&#95;&#95;LINE&#95;&#95;** | **&#95;&#95;COLUMN&#95;&#95;** | **&#95;&#95;FUNCTION&#95;&#95;**  
-> *数组字面量* → **[** [*数组字面量项列表*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#array_literal_items) _可选_ **]**  
-> *数组字面量项列表* → [*数组字面量项*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#array_literal_item) **,** _可选_ | [*数组字面量项*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#array_literal_item) **,** [*数组字面量项列表*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#array_literal_items)  
+> *数组字面量* → **[** [*数组字面量项集*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#array_literal_items) _可选_ **]**  
+> *数组字面量项集* → [*数组字面量项*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#array_literal_item) **,** _可选_ | [*数组字面量项*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#array_literal_item) **,** [*数组字面量项集*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#array_literal_items)  
 > *数组字面量项* → [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression)  
-> *字典字面量* → **[** [*字典字面量项列表*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#dictionary_literal_items) **]** | **[** **:** **]**  
-> *字典字面量项列表* → [*字典字面量项*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#dictionary_literal_item) **,** _可选_ | [*字典字面量项*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#dictionary_literal_item) **,** [*字典字面量项列表*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#dictionary_literal_items)  
+> *字典字面量* → **[** [*字典字面量项集*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#dictionary_literal_items) **]** | **[** **:** **]**  
+> *字典字面量项集* → [*字典字面量项*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#dictionary_literal_item) **,** _可选_ | [*字典字面量项*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#dictionary_literal_item) **,** [*字典字面量项集*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#dictionary_literal_items)  
 > *字典字面量项* → [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) **:** [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression)  
 
 <!-- -->
@@ -502,12 +628,12 @@ _________________
 
 > 闭包表达式语法  
 > *闭包表达式* → **{** [*闭包签名(Signational)*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#closure_signature) _可选_ [*多条语句(Statements)*](..\chapter3\10_Statements.html#statements) **}**  
-> *闭包签名(Signational)* → [*参数子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_clause) [*函数结果*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_result) _可选_ **in**  
-> *闭包签名(Signational)* → [*标识符列表*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier_list) [*函数结果*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_result) _可选_ **in**  
-> *闭包签名(Signational)* → [*捕获(Capature)列表*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#capture_list) [*参数子句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_clause) [*函数结果*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_result) _可选_ **in**  
-> *闭包签名(Signational)* → [*捕获(Capature)列表*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#capture_list) [*标识符列表*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier_list) [*函数结果*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_result) _可选_ **in**  
-> *闭包签名(Signational)* → [*捕获(Capature)列表*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#capture_list) **in**  
-> *捕获(Capature)列表* → **[** [*捕获(Capature)说明符*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#capture_specifier) [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) **]**  
+> *闭包签名(Signational)* → [*参数从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_clause) [*函数结果*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_result) _可选_ **in**  
+> *闭包签名(Signational)* → [*标识符集*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier_list) [*函数结果*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_result) _可选_ **in**  
+> *闭包签名(Signational)* → [*捕获(Capature)集*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#capture_list) [*参数从句*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#parameter_clause) [*函数结果*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_result) _可选_ **in**  
+> *闭包签名(Signational)* → [*捕获(Capature)集*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#capture_list) [*标识符集*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier_list) [*函数结果*](..\chapter3\05_Declarations.html#function_result) _可选_ **in**  
+> *闭包签名(Signational)* → [*捕获(Capature)集*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#capture_list) **in**  
+> *捕获(Capature)集* → **[** [*捕获(Capature)说明符*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#capture_specifier) [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) **]**  
 > *捕获(Capature)说明符* → **weak** | **unowned** | **unowned(safe)** | **unowned(unsafe)**  
 
 <!-- -->
@@ -518,8 +644,8 @@ _________________
 <!-- -->
 
 > 圆括号表达式(Parenthesized Expression)语法  
-> *圆括号表达式* → **(** [*表达式元素列表*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression_element_list) _可选_ **)**  
-> *表达式元素列表* → [*表达式元素*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression_element) | [*表达式元素*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression_element) **,** [*表达式元素列表*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression_element_list)  
+> *圆括号表达式* → **(** [*表达式元素集*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression_element_list) _可选_ **)**  
+> *表达式元素集* → [*表达式元素*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression_element) | [*表达式元素*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression_element) **,** [*表达式元素集*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression_element_list)  
 > *表达式元素* → [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) | [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier) **:** [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression)  
 
 <!-- -->
@@ -557,7 +683,7 @@ _________________
 
 > 显式成员表达式语法  
 > *显示成员表达式* → [*后置表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#postfix_expression) **.** [*十进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#decimal_digit)  
-> *显示成员表达式* → [*后置表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#postfix_expression) **.** [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier) [*泛型参数子句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_argument_clause) _可选_  
+> *显示成员表达式* → [*后置表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#postfix_expression) **.** [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier) [*泛型参数从句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_argument_clause) _可选_  
 
 <!-- -->
 
@@ -572,7 +698,7 @@ _________________
 <!-- -->
 
 > 附属脚本表达式语法  
-> *附属脚本表达式* → [*后置表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#postfix_expression) **[** [*表达式列表*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression_list) **]**  
+> *附属脚本表达式* → [*后置表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#postfix_expression) **[** [*表达式集*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression_list) **]**  
 
 <!-- -->
 
@@ -588,11 +714,14 @@ _________________
 ## 词法结构
 
 > 标识符语法  
-> *标识符* → [*标识符头(Head)*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier_head) [*标识符字符列表*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier_characters) _可选_  
-> *标识符* → **`** [*标识符头(Head)*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier_head) [*标识符字符列表*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier_characters) _可选_ **`**  
+> *标识符* → [*标识符头(Head)*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier_head) [*标识符字符集*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier_characters) _可选_  
+> *标识符* → [*标识符头(Head)*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier_head) [*标识符字符集*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier_characters) _可选_  
 > *标识符* → [*隐式参数名*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#implicit_parameter_name)  
-> *标识符列表* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier) | [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier) **,** [*标识符列表*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier_list)  
-> *标识符头(Head)* → Upper- or lowercase letter A through Z  
+> *标识符集* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier) | [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier) **,** [*标识符集*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier_list)  
+> *标识符头(Head)* → Upper- or lowercase letter A through Z
+
+> *标识符头(Head)* → _
+
 > *标识符头(Head)* → U+00A8, U+00AA, U+00AD, U+00AF, U+00B2–U+00B5, or U+00B7–U+00BA  
 > *标识符头(Head)* → U+00BC–U+00BE, U+00C0–U+00D6, U+00D8–U+00F6, or U+00F8–U+00FF  
 > *标识符头(Head)* → U+0100–U+02FF, U+0370–U+167F, U+1681–U+180D, or U+180F–U+1DBF  
@@ -610,13 +739,19 @@ _________________
 > *标识符字符* → 数值 0 到 9  
 > *标识符字符* → U+0300–U+036F, U+1DC0–U+1DFF, U+20D0–U+20FF, or U+FE20–U+FE2F  
 > *标识符字符* → [*标识符头(Head)*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier_head)  
-> *标识符字符列表* → [*标识符字符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier_character) [*标识符字符列表*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier_characters) _可选_  
-> *隐式参数名* → **$** [*十进制数字列表*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#decimal_digits)  
+> *标识符字符集* → [*标识符字符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier_character) [*标识符字符集*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier_characters) _可选_  
+> *隐式参数名* → **$** [*十进制数字集*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#decimal_digits)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 字面量语法  
-> *字面量* → [*整型字面量*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#integer_literal) | [*浮点数字面量*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#floating_point_literal) | [*字符串字面量*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#string_literal)  
+> *字面量* → [*数值型字面量*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#integer_literal) | [*字符串字面量*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#floating_point_literal) | [*布尔字面量*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#string_literal) | [*空字面量*](TODO) 
+
+> *数值型字面量* → **-** _可选_ [*整形字面量*](TODO) | **-** _可选_ [*浮点型字面量*](TODO)
+
+> *布尔字面量* → **true** | **false**
+
+> *空字面量* → **nil**
 
 <!-- -->
 
@@ -625,23 +760,23 @@ _________________
 > *整型字面量* → [*八进制字面量*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#octal_literal)  
 > *整型字面量* → [*十进制字面量*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#decimal_literal)  
 > *整型字面量* → [*十六进制字面量*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_literal)  
-> *二进制字面量* → **0b** [*二进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#binary_digit) [*二进制字面量字符列表*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#binary_literal_characters) _可选_  
+> *二进制字面量* → **0b** [*二进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#binary_digit) [*二进制字面量字符集*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#binary_literal_characters) _可选_  
 > *二进制数字* → 数值 0 到 1  
 > *二进制字面量字符* → [*二进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#binary_digit) | **_**  
-> *二进制字面量字符列表* → [*二进制字面量字符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#binary_literal_character) [*二进制字面量字符列表*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#binary_literal_characters) _可选_  
-> *八进制字面量* → **0o** [*八进字数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#octal_digit) [*八进制字符列表*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#octal_literal_characters) _可选_  
+> *二进制字面量字符集* → [*二进制字面量字符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#binary_literal_character) [*二进制字面量字符集*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#binary_literal_characters) _可选_  
+> *八进制字面量* → **0o** [*八进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#octal_digit) [*八进制字符集*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#octal_literal_characters) _可选_  
 > *八进字数字* → 数值 0 到 7  
-> *八进制字符* → [*八进字数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#octal_digit) | **_**  
-> *八进制字符列表* → [*八进制字符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#octal_literal_character) [*八进制字符列表*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#octal_literal_characters) _可选_  
-> *十进制字面量* → [*十进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#decimal_digit) [*十进制字符列表*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#decimal_literal_characters) _可选_  
+> *八进制字符* → [*八进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#octal_digit) | **_**  
+> *八进制字符集* → [*八进制字符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#octal_literal_character) [*八进制字符集*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#octal_literal_characters) _可选_  
+> *十进制字面量* → [*十进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#decimal_digit) [*十进制字符集*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#decimal_literal_characters) _可选_  
 > *十进制数字* → 数值 0 到 9  
-> *十进制数字列表* → [*十进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#decimal_digit) [*十进制数字列表*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#decimal_digits) _可选_  
-> *十进制字符* → [*十进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#decimal_digit) | **_**  
-> *十进制字符列表* → [*十进制字符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#decimal_literal_character) [*十进制字符列表*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#decimal_literal_characters) _可选_  
-> *十六进制字面量* → **0x** [*十六进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_digit) [*十六进制字面量字符列表*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_literal_characters) _可选_  
+> *十进制数字集* → [*十进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#decimal_digit) [*十进制数字集*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#decimal_digits) _可选_  
+> *十进制字面量字符* → [*十进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#decimal_digit) | **_**  
+> *十进制字面量字符集* → [*十进制字面量字符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#decimal_literal_character) [*十进制字面量字符集*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#decimal_literal_characters) _可选_  
+> *十六进制字面量* → **0x** [*十六进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_digit) [*十六进制字面量字符集*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_literal_characters) _可选_  
 > *十六进制数字* → 数值 0 到 9, a through f, or A through F  
 > *十六进制字符* → [*十六进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_digit) | **_**  
-> *十六进制字面量字符列表* → [*十六进制字符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_literal_character) [*十六进制字面量字符列表*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_literal_characters) _可选_  
+> *十六进制字面量字符集* → [*十六进制字符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_literal_character) [*十六进制字面量字符集*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_literal_characters) _可选_  
 
 <!-- -->
 
@@ -650,7 +785,8 @@ _________________
 > *浮点数字面量* → [*十六进制字面量*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_literal) [*十六进制分数*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_fraction) _可选_ [*十六进制指数*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_exponent)  
 > *十进制分数* → **.** [*十进制字面量*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#decimal_literal)  
 > *十进制指数* → [*浮点数e*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#floating_point_e) [*正负号*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#sign) _可选_ [*十进制字面量*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#decimal_literal)  
-> *十六进制分数* → **.** [*十六进制字面量*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_literal) _可选_  
+> *十六进制分数* → **.** [*十六进制数*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_literal)   
+ [*十六进制字面量字符集*](TODO)_可选_  
 > *十六进制指数* → [*浮点数p*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#floating_point_p) [*正负号*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#sign) _可选_ [*十六进制字面量*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_literal)  
 > *浮点数e* → **e** | **E**  
 > *浮点数p* → **p** | **P**  
@@ -658,22 +794,72 @@ _________________
 
 <!-- -->
 
-> 字符型字面量语法  
+> 字符串型字面量语法  
 > *字符串字面量* → **"** [*引用文本*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#quoted_text) **"**  
 > *引用文本* → [*引用文本条目*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#quoted_text_item) [*引用文本*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#quoted_text) _可选_  
 > *引用文本条目* → [*转义字符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#escaped_character)  
-> *引用文本条目* → **\(** [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) **)**  
+> *引用文本条目* → **(** [*表达式*](..\chapter3\04_Expressions.html#expression) **)**  
 > *引用文本条目* → 除了"­, \­, U+000A, or U+000D的所有Unicode的字符  
 > *转义字符* → **\0** | **\\** | **\t** | **\n** | **\r** | **\"** | **\'**  
-> *转义字符* → **\x** [*十六进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_digit) [*十六进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_digit)  
-> *转义字符* → **\u** [*十六进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_digit) [*十六进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_digit) [*十六进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_digit) [*十六进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_digit)  
-> *转义字符* → **\U** [*十六进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_digit) [*十六进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_digit) [*十六进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_digit) [*十六进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_digit) [*十六进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_digit) [*十六进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_digit) [*十六进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_digit) [*十六进制数字*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#hexadecimal_digit)  
+> *转义字符* → **\u** **{** [*十六进制标量数字集*](TODO) **}**   
+> *unicode标量数字集* → Between one and eight hexadecimal digits
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 运算符语法语法  
-> *运算符* → [*运算符字符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#operator_character) [*运算符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#operator) _可选_  
-> *运算符字符* → **/** | **=** | **-** | **+** | **!** | **&#42;** | **%** | **<** | **>** | **&** | **|** | **^** | **~** | **.**  
+> *运算符* → [*运算符头*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#operator_character) [*运算符字符集*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#operator) _可选_
+> *运算符* → [*点运算符头*](TODO) [*点运算符字符集*](TODO) _可选_  
+> *运算符字符* → **/** | **=** | **-** | **+** | **!** | **&#42;** | **%** | **<** | **>** | **&** | **|** | **^** | **~** | **?**  
+> *运算符头* → U+00A1–U+00A7
+
+> *运算符头* → U+00A9 or U+00AB
+
+> *运算符头* →  U+00AC or U+00AE
+
+> *运算符头* → U+00B0–U+00B1, U+00B6, U+00BB, U+00BF, U+00D7, or U+00F7
+
+> *运算符头* → U+2016–U+2017 or U+2020–U+2027
+
+> *运算符头* → U+2030–U+203E
+
+> *运算符头* → U+2041–U+2053
+
+> *运算符头* → U+2055–U+205E
+
+> *运算符头* → U+2190–U+23FF
+
+> *运算符头* → U+2500–U+2775
+
+> *运算符头* → U+2794–U+2BFF
+
+> *运算符头* → U+2E00–U+2E7F
+
+> *运算符头* → U+3001–U+3003
+
+> *运算符头* → U+3008–U+3030
+
+> *运算符字符* → [*运算符头*](TODO)
+
+> *运算符字符* → U+0300–U+036F
+
+> *运算符字符* → U+1DC0–U+1DFF
+
+> *运算符字符* → U+20D0–U+20FF
+
+> *运算符字符* → U+FE00–U+FE0F
+
+> *运算符字符* → U+FE20–U+FE2F
+
+> *运算符字符* → U+E0100–U+E01EF
+
+> *运算符字符集* → [*运算符字符*](TODO) [*运算符字符集*](TODO)_可选_
+
+> *点运算符头* → **..** 
+
+> *点运算符字符* → **.** | [*运算符字符*](TODO)
+
+> *点运算符字符集* → [*点运算符字符*](TODO) [*点运算符字符集*](TODO) _可选_
+ 
 > *二元运算符* → [*运算符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#operator)  
 > *前置运算符* → [*运算符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#operator)  
 > *后置运算符* → [*运算符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#operator)  
@@ -682,37 +868,42 @@ _________________
 ## 类型
 
 > 类型语法  
-> *类型* → [*数组类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#array_type) | [*函数类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#function_type) | [*类型标识*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier) | [*元组类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#tuple_type) | [*可选类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#optional_type) | [*隐式解析可选类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#implicitly_unwrapped_optional_type) | [*协议合成类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#protocol_composition_type) | [*元型类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#metatype_type)  
+> *类型* → [*数组类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#array_type) | [*字典类型*](TODO) | [*函数类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#function_type) | [*类型标识符*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier) | [*元组类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#tuple_type) | [*可选类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#optional_type) | [*隐式解析可选类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#implicitly_unwrapped_optional_type) | [*协议合成类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#protocol_composition_type) | [*元型类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#metatype_type)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 类型注解语法  
-> *类型注解* → **:** [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type)  
+> *类型注解* → **:** [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 类型标识语法  
-> *类型标识* → [*类型名称*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_name) [*泛型参数子句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_argument_clause) _可选_ | [*类型名称*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_name) [*泛型参数子句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_argument_clause) _可选_ **.** [*类型标识*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier)  
-> *类名* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier)  
+> *类型标识* → [*类型名称*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_name) [*泛型参数从句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_argument_clause) _可选_ | [*类型名称*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_name) [*泛型参数从句*](GenericParametersAndArguments.html#generic_argument_clause) _可选_ **.** [*类型标识符*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier)  
+> *类型名* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 元组类型语法  
 > *元组类型* → **(** [*元组类型主体*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#tuple_type_body) _可选_ **)**  
-> *元组类型主体* → [*元组类型的元素列表*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#tuple_type_element_list) **...** _可选_  
-> *元组类型的元素列表* → [*元组类型的元素*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#tuple_type_element) | [*元组类型的元素*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#tuple_type_element) **,** [*元组类型的元素列表*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#tuple_type_element_list)  
-> *元组类型的元素* → [*特性(Attributes)列表*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **inout** _可选_ [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type) | **inout** _可选_ [*元素名*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#element_name) [*类型注解*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_annotation)  
+> *元组类型主体* → [*元组类型的元素集*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#tuple_type_element_list) **...** _可选_  
+> *元组类型的元素集* → [*元组类型的元素*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#tuple_type_element) | [*元组类型的元素*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#tuple_type_element) **,** [*元组类型的元素集*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#tuple_type_element_list)  
+> *元组类型的元素* → [*属性(Attributes)集*](..\chapter3\06_Attributes.html#attributes) _可选_ **inout** _可选_ [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type) | **inout** _可选_ [*元素名*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#element_name) [*类型注解*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_annotation)  
 > *元素名* → [*标识符*](..\chapter3\02_Lexical_Structure.html#identifier)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 函数类型语法  
-> *函数类型* → [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type) **->** [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type)  
+> *函数类型* → [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type)  **throws** _可选_ **->** [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type)  
+> *函数类型* → [*类型*](TODO)  **rethrows** **->** [*类型*](TODO) 
 
 <!-- -->
 
 > 数组类型语法  
-> *数组类型* → [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type) **[** **]** | [*数组类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#array_type) **[** **]**  
+> *数组类型* → **[** [*类型*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#array_type) **]**  
+
+<!-- -->
+> 字典类型语法
+> *字典类型* → **[** [*类型 **:** 类型*](TODO) **]**
 
 <!-- -->
 
@@ -727,9 +918,9 @@ _________________
 <!-- -->
 
 > 协议合成类型语法  
-> *协议合成类型* → **protocol** **<** [*协议标识符列表*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#protocol_identifier_list) _可选_ **>**  
-> *协议标识符列表* → [*协议标识符*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#protocol_identifier) | [*协议标识符*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#protocol_identifier) **,** [*协议标识符列表*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#protocol_identifier_list)  
-> *协议标识符* → [*类型标识*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier)  
+> *协议合成类型* → **protocol** **<** [*协议标识符集*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#protocol_identifier_list) _可选_ **>**  
+> *协议标识符集* → [*协议标识符*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#protocol_identifier) | [*协议标识符*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#protocol_identifier) **,** [*协议标识符集*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#protocol_identifier_list)  
+> *协议标识符* → [*类型标识符*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier)  
 
 <!-- -->
 
@@ -738,6 +929,14 @@ _________________
 
 <!-- -->
 
-> 类型继承子句语法  
-> *类型继承子句* → **:** [*类型继承列表*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_inheritance_list)  
-> *类型继承列表* → [*类型标识*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier) | [*类型标识*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier) **,** [*类型继承列表*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_inheritance_list)
+> 类型继承从句语法  
+
+> *类型继承从句* → **:** [*类条件(class-requirement))*](TODO) **,** [*类型继承集*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_inheritance_list) 
+
+> *类型继承从句* → **:** [*类条件(class-requirement))*](TODO) 
+
+> *类型继承从句* → **:** [*类型继承集*](TODO)  
+
+> *类型继承集* → [*类型标识符*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier) | [*类型标识符*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_identifier) **,** [*类型继承集*](..\chapter3\03_Types.html#type_inheritance_list)
+
+> *类条件* → **class**