Update from OldeCoder
翻译了部分revision history。并修改了第二章23小节无法打开的bug
This commit is contained in:
oldcodeoberyn
@ -27,7 +27,8 @@
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* [扩展](chapter2/20_Extensions.md)
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* [协议](chapter2/21_Protocols.md)
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* [泛型](chapter2/22_Generics.md)
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* [高级操作符](chapter2/23_Advanced_Operators.md)
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* [权限控制](chapter2/23_Access Control.md)
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* [高级操作符](chapter2/24_Advanced_Operators.md)
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* [语言参考](chapter3/chapter3.md)
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* [关于语言参考](chapter3/01_About_the_Language_Reference.md)
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* [词法结构](chapter3/02_Lexical_Structure.md)
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@ -16,6 +16,181 @@
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<a name="xcode6_beta5"></a>
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# XCode6 Beta5中Swift语法更新
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<table class="graybox" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5">
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<caption class="tablecaption"></caption>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th scope="col" class="TableHeading_TableRow_TableCell"><p class="para">
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Date
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</p></th>
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<th scope="col" class="TableHeading_TableRow_TableCell"><p class="para">
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Notes
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</p></th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td scope="row"><p class="para">
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2014-08-04
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</p></td>
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<td><ul class="list-bullet">
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<li class="item"><p class="para">
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<span class="x-name"><a href="TheBasics.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH5-XID_478" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH5-XID_478">Optionals</a></span> no longer implicitly evaluate to <code class="code-voice">true</code> when they have a value and <code class="code-voice">false</code> when they do not, to avoid confusion when working with optional <code class="code-voice">Bool</code> values. Instead, make an explicit check against <code class="code-voice">nil</code> with the <code class="code-voice">==</code> or <code class="code-voice">!=</code> operators to find out if an optional contains a value.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Swift now has a <span class="x-name"><a href="BasicOperators.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH6-XID_124" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH6-XID_124">Nil Coalescing Operator</a></span> (<code class="code-voice">a ?? b</code>), which unwraps an optional’s value if it exists, or returns a default value if the optional is <code class="code-voice">nil</code>.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Updated and expanded the <span class="x-name"><a href="StringsAndCharacters.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH7-XID_434" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH7-XID_434">Comparing Strings</a></span> section to reflect and demonstrate that string and character comparison and prefix / suffix comparison are now based on Unicode canonical equivalence of extended grapheme clusters.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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You can now try to set a property’s value, assign to a subscript, or call a mutating method or operator through <span class="x-name"><a href="OptionalChaining.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH21-XID_356" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH21-XID_356">Optional Chaining</a></span>. The information about <span class="x-name"><a href="OptionalChaining.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH21-XID_360" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH21-XID_360">Accessing Properties Through Optional Chaining</a></span> has been updated accordingly, and the examples of checking for method call success in <span class="x-name"><a href="OptionalChaining.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH21-XID_361" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH21-XID_361">Calling Methods Through Optional Chaining</a></span> have been expanded to show how to check for property setting success.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Added a new section about <span class="x-name"><a href="OptionalChaining.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH21-XID_364" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH21-XID_364">Accessing Subscripts of Optional Type</a></span> through optional chaining.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Updated the <span class="x-name"><a href="CollectionTypes.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH8-XID_176" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH8-XID_176">Accessing and Modifying an Array</a></span> section to note that you can no longer append a single item to an array with the <code class="code-voice">+=</code> operator. Instead, use the <code class="code-voice">append</code> method, or append a single-item array with the <code class="code-voice">+=</code> operator.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Added a note that the start value <code class="code-voice">a</code> for the <span class="x-name"><a href="BasicOperators.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH6-XID_126" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH6-XID_126">Range Operators</a></span> <code class="code-voice">a...b</code> and <code class="code-voice">a..<b</code> must not be greater than the end value <code class="code-voice">b</code>.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Rewrote the <span class="x-name"><a href="Inheritance.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH17-XID_293" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH17-XID_293">Inheritance</a></span> chapter to remove its introductory coverage of initializer overrides. This chapter now focuses more on the addition of new functionality in a subclass, and the modification of existing functionality with overrides. The chapter’s example of <span class="x-name"><a href="Inheritance.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH17-XID_301" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH17-XID_301">Overriding Property Getters and Setters</a></span> has been rewritten to show how to override a <code class="code-voice">description</code> property. (The examples of modifying an inherited property’s default value in a subclass initializer have been moved to the <span class="x-name"><a href="Initialization.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH18-XID_306" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH18-XID_306">Initialization</a></span> chapter.)
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Updated the <span class="x-name"><a href="Initialization.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH18-XID_331" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH18-XID_331">Initializer Inheritance and Overriding</a></span> section to note that overrides of a designated initializer must now be marked with the <code class="code-voice">override</code> modifier.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Updated the <span class="x-name"><a href="Initialization.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH18-XID_339" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH18-XID_339">Required Initializers</a></span> section to note that the <code class="code-voice">required</code> modifier is now written before every subclass implementation of a required initializer, and that the requirements for required initializers can now be satisfied by automatically inherited initializers.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Infix <span class="x-name"><a href="AdvancedOperators.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH27-XID_80" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH27-XID_80">Operator Functions</a></span> no longer require the <code class="code-voice">@infix</code> attribute.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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The <code class="code-voice">@prefix</code> and <code class="code-voice">@postfix</code> attributes for <span class="x-name"><a href="AdvancedOperators.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH27-XID_81" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH27-XID_81">Prefix and Postfix Operators</a></span> have been replaced by <code class="code-voice">prefix</code> and <code class="code-voice">postfix</code> declaration modifiers.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Added a note about the order in which <span class="x-name"><a href="AdvancedOperators.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH27-XID_81" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH27-XID_81">Prefix and Postfix Operators</a></span> are applied when both a prefix and a postfix operator are applied to the same operand.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Operator functions for <span class="x-name"><a href="AdvancedOperators.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH27-XID_82" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH27-XID_82">Compound Assignment Operators</a></span> no longer use the <code class="code-voice">@assignment</code> attribute when defining the function.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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The order in which modifiers are specified when defining <span class="x-name"><a href="AdvancedOperators.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH27-XID_85" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH27-XID_85">Custom Operators</a></span> has changed. You now write <code class="code-voice">prefix operator</code> rather than <code class="code-voice">operator prefix</code>, for example.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Added information about the <code class="code-voice">dynamic</code> declaration modifier in <span class="x-name"><a href="Declarations.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH34-XID_705" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH34-XID_705">Declaration Modifiers</a></span>.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Added information about how type inference works with <span class="x-name"><a href="LexicalStructure.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH30-XID_886" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH30-XID_886">Literals</a></span>.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Added more information about <span class="x-name"><a href="Declarations.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH34-XID_597" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH34-XID_597">Curried Functions</a></span>.
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</p>
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</li>
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</ul></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td scope="row"><p class="para">
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2014-07-21
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</p></td>
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<td><ul class="list-bullet">
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<li class="item"><p class="para">
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Added a new chapter about <span class="x-name"><a href="AccessControl.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH41-XID_29" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH41-XID_29">Access Control</a></span>.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Updated the <span class="x-name"><a href="StringsAndCharacters.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH7-XID_413" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH7-XID_413">Strings and Characters</a></span> chapter to reflect the fact that Swift’s <code class="code-voice">Character</code> type now represents a single Unicode extended grapheme cluster. Includes a new section on <span class="x-name"><a href="StringsAndCharacters.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH7-XID_431" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH7-XID_431">Extended Grapheme Clusters</a></span> and more information about <span class="x-name"><a href="StringsAndCharacters.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH7-XID_428" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH7-XID_428">Unicode Scalars</a></span> and <span class="x-name"><a href="StringsAndCharacters.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH7-XID_434" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH7-XID_434">Comparing Strings</a></span>.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Updated the <span class="x-name"><a href="StringsAndCharacters.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH7-XID_415" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH7-XID_415">String Literals</a></span> section to note that Unicode scalars inside string literals are now written as <code class="code-voice">\u{n}</code>, where <code class="code-voice">n</code> is between one and eight hexadecimal digits.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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The <code class="code-voice">NSString</code> <code class="code-voice">length</code> property is now mapped onto Swift’s native <code class="code-voice">String</code> type as <code class="code-voice">utf16Count</code>, not <code class="code-voice">utf16count</code>.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Swift’s native <code class="code-voice">String</code> type no longer has an <code class="code-voice">uppercaseString</code> or <code class="code-voice">lowercaseString</code> property. The corresponding section in <span class="x-name"><a href="StringsAndCharacters.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH7-XID_413" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH7-XID_413">Strings and Characters</a></span> has been removed, and various code examples have been updated.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Added a new section about <span class="x-name"><a href="Initialization.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH18-XID_315" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH18-XID_315">Initializer Parameters Without External Names</a></span>.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Added a new section about <span class="x-name"><a href="Initialization.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH18-XID_339" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH18-XID_339">Required Initializers</a></span>.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Added a new section about <span class="x-name"><a href="Functions.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH10-XID_252" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH10-XID_252">Optional Tuple Return Types</a></span>.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Updated the <span class="x-name"><a href="TheBasics.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH5-XID_453" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH5-XID_453">Type Annotations</a></span> section to note that multiple related variables can be defined on a single line with one type annotation.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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The <code class="code-voice">@optional</code>, <code class="code-voice">@lazy</code>, <code class="code-voice">@final</code>, and <code class="code-voice">@required</code> attributes are now the <code class="code-voice">optional</code>, <code class="code-voice">lazy</code>, <code class="code-voice">final</code>, and <code class="code-voice">required</code> <span class="x-name"><a href="Declarations.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH34-XID_705" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH34-XID_705">Declaration Modifiers</a></span>.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Updated the entire book to refer to <code class="code-voice">..<</code> as the <span class="x-name"><a href="BasicOperators.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH6-XID_128" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH6-XID_128">Half-Open Range Operator</a></span> (rather than the “half-closed range operator”).
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Updated the <span class="x-name"><a href="CollectionTypes.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH8-XID_185" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH8-XID_185">Accessing and Modifying a Dictionary</a></span> section to note that <code class="code-voice">Dictionary</code> now has a Boolean <code class="code-voice">isEmpty</code> property.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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Clarified the full list of characters that can be used when defining <span class="x-name"><a href="AdvancedOperators.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH27-XID_85" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH27-XID_85">Custom Operators</a></span>.
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</p>
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</li><li class="item"><p class="para">
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<code class="code-voice">nil</code> and the Booleans <code class="code-voice">true</code> and <code class="code-voice">false</code> are now <span class="x-name"><a href="LexicalStructure.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH30-XID_886" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH30-XID_886">Literals</a></span>.
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</p>
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</li>
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</ul></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td scope="row"><p class="para">
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2014-07-07
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</p></td>
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<td><ul class="list-bullet">
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<li class="item"><p class="para">
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Swift’s <code class="code-voice">Array</code> type now has full value semantics. Updated the information about <span class="x-name"><a href="CollectionTypes.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH8-XID_170" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH8-XID_170">Mutability of Collections</a></span> and <span class="x-name"><a href="CollectionTypes.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH8-XID_172" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH8-XID_172">Arrays</a></span> to reflect the new approach. Also clarified the <span class="x-name"><a href="ClassesAndStructures.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH13-XID_150" data-id="//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH13-XID_150">Assignment and Copy Behavior for Strings, Arrays, and Dictionaries</a></span>.
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</p>
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</li><li>
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<span class="x-name"><a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/CollectionTypes.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH8-XID_173">数组类型速记语法（Array Type Shorthand Syntax）</a></span> 从 <code>SomeType[]</code>.更新为<code>[SomeType]</code>
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</p>
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</li><li>
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加入新的小节：<a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/CollectionTypes.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH8-XID_182">字典类型的速记语法（Dictionary Type Shorthand Syntax)</a>.： <code>[KeyType: ValueType]</code>.
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</p>
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</li><li>
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加入新的小节：<a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/CollectionTypes.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH8-XID_189">字典键类型的哈希值（Hash Values for Dictionary Key Types)</a>.
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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例子 <a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Closures.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH11-XID_154">闭包表达式 (Closure Expressions)</a></span> 中使用新的全局函数 <code class="code-voice">sorted</code> 取代原先的全局函数 <code class="code-voice">sort</code> 去展示如何返回一个全新的数组.
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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更新关于 <a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Initialization.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH18-XID_320">结构体逐一成员构造器 （Memberwise Initializers for Structure Types）</a> 的描述：即使结构体的成员<b>没有默认值</b>，逐一成员构造器也可以自动获得。
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</p>
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</li>
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<li> <a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/BasicOperators.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH6-XID_128">区间运算符（Half-Open Range Operator）</a>由<code>..</code>更新到<code>..<</code>
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<p>
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<li>添加一个例子 <a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Generics.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014097-CH26-XID_285">扩展一个泛型（Extending a Generic Type）</a>
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</li>
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</ul></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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2014-06-02
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</td>
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<td>
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<li>
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发布新的文档用以详述Swift - 苹果公司针对iOS和OS X应用的全新开发语言
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</li>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5">
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<thead>
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<tr>
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user