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<h1 id="-">基础部分</h1>
<p>Swift是iOS和OS X应用开发的一门新雨燕。然而，如果你有C或者Objective-C开发经验的话，你会发现Swift的很多内容都是你熟悉的。</p>
<p>Swift的类型是在C和Objective-C的基础上提出的，<code>Int</code>是整型；<code>Double</code>和<code>Float</code>是浮点型；<code>Bool</code>是布尔型；<code>String</code>是字符串。Swift还有两个有用的集合类型，<code>Array</code>和<code>Dictionary</code>，具体内容在<code>集合类型(待添加连接)</code>一章中。</p>
<p>就像C语言一样，Swift使用变量来进行存储并通过变量名来关联值。在Swift中，值不可变的变量有着广泛的应用，它们就是常量，而且比C语言的常量更强大。在Swift中，如果你要处理的值不需要改变，那使用常量可以让你的代码更加安全并且更好地表达你的意图。</p>
<p>除了我们熟悉的类型，Swift还增加了Objective-C中没有的类型比如元组（Tuple）。元组可以让你创建或者传递一组数据，比如作为函数的返回值时，你可以用一个元组可以返回多个值。</p>
<p>Swift还增加了可选（Optional）类型，用于处理值缺失的情况。可选表示“那儿有一个值，并且它等于x”或者“那儿没有值”。可选有点像在Objective-C中使用<code>nil</code>，但是它可以用在任何类型上，不仅仅是类。可选类型比Objective-C中的<code>nil</code>指针更加安全也更具表现力，它是Swift许多强大特性的重要组成部分。</p>
<p>Swift是一个类型安全的语言，可选就是一个很好的例子。Swift可以让你清楚地知道值的类型。如果你的代码期望得到一个<code>String</code>，类型安全会阻止你不小心传入一个<code>Int</code>。你可以在开发阶段尽早发现并修正错误。</p>
<h2 id="-">常量和变量</h2>
<p>常量和变量把一个名字（比如<code>maximumNumberOfLoginAttempts</code>或者<code>welcomeMessage</code>）和一个指定类型的值（比如数字<code>10</code>或者字符串<code>Hello</code>）联系起来。常量的值一旦设定就不能改变，而变量的值可以随意更改。</p>
<p>（未完）</p>
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