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2015-12-03 22:36:35 +08:00
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4
source/chapter3/01_About_the_Language_Reference.md
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@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ Swift 语言相对较小，这是由于 Swift 代码中的几乎所有常见类
举个例子，getter-setter 的语法块的定义如下： 举个例子，getter-setter 的语法块的定义如下：
> getter-setter 方法块语法 > getter-setter 方法块语法
> *getter-setter 方法块* → { [*getter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/getter-clause) [*setter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/setter-clause) <sub>可选</sub> } | { [*setter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/setter-clause) [*getter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/getter-clause) } > *getter-setter 方法块* → { [*getter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/getter-clause) [*setter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/setter-clause)<sub>可选</sub> } | { [*setter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/setter-clause) [*getter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/getter-clause) }
这个定义表明，一个 getter-setter 方法块可以由一个 getter 子句后跟一个可选的 setter 子句构成，然后用大括号括起来，或者由一个 setter 子句后跟一个 getter 子句构成，然后用大括号括起来。下面的两个语法产式等价于上述的语法产式，并明确指出了如何取舍： 这个定义表明，一个 getter-setter 方法块可以由一个 getter 子句后跟一个可选的 setter 子句构成，然后用大括号括起来，或者由一个 setter 子句后跟一个 getter 子句构成，然后用大括号括起来。下面的两个语法产式等价于上述的语法产式，并明确指出了如何取舍：
> getter-setter 方法块语法 > getter-setter 方法块语法
> getter-setter 方法块 → { [*getter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/getter-clause) [*setter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/setter-clause) <sub>可选</sub> } > getter-setter 方法块 → { [*getter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/getter-clause) [*setter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/setter-clause)<sub>可选</sub> }
> getter-setter 方法块 → { [*setter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/setter-clause) [*getter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/getter-clause) } > getter-setter 方法块 → { [*setter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/setter-clause) [*getter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/getter-clause) }

50
source/chapter3/02_Lexical_Structure.md
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@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ Swift 的“词法结构（*lexical structure*）”描述了能构成该语言
> 标识符语法 > 标识符语法
<a id="identifier"></a> <a id="identifier"></a>
> *标识符* → [*头部标识符*](#identifier_head) [*标识符字符组*](#identifier_characters) <sub>可选</sub> > *标识符* → [*头部标识符*](#identifier_head) [*标识符字符组*](#identifier_characters)<sub>可选</sub>
> *标识符* → \`[*头部标识符*](#identifier_head) [*标识符字符组*](#identifier_characters) <sub>可选</sub>\` > *标识符* → \`[*头部标识符*](#identifier_head) [*标识符字符组*](#identifier_characters)<sub>可选</sub>\`
> *标识符* → [*隐式参数名*](#implicit_parameter_name) > *标识符* → [*隐式参数名*](#implicit_parameter_name)
<a id="identifier_list"></a> <a id="identifier_list"></a>
> *标识符列表* → [*标识符*](#identifier) | [*标识符*](#identifier) **,** [*标识符列表*](#identifier_list) > *标识符列表* → [*标识符*](#identifier) | [*标识符*](#identifier) **,** [*标识符列表*](#identifier_list)
@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Swift 的“词法结构（*lexical structure*）”描述了能构成该语言
> *标识符字符* → U+0300–U+036F，U+1DC0–U+1DFF，U+20D0–U+20FF，或者 U+FE20–U+FE2F > *标识符字符* → U+0300–U+036F，U+1DC0–U+1DFF，U+20D0–U+20FF，或者 U+FE20–U+FE2F
> *标识符字符* → [*头部标识符*](#identifier_head) > *标识符字符* → [*头部标识符*](#identifier_head)
<a id="identifier_characters"></a> <a id="identifier_characters"></a>
> *标识符字符组* → [*标识符字符*](#identifier_character) [*标识符字符组*](#identifier_characters) <sub>可选</sub> > *标识符字符组* → [*标识符字符*](#identifier_character) [*标识符字符组*](#identifier_characters)<sub>可选</sub>
<a id="implicit_parameter_name"></a> <a id="implicit_parameter_name"></a>
> *隐式参数名* → **$** [*十进制数字列表*](#decimal_digits) > *隐式参数名* → **$** [*十进制数字列表*](#decimal_digits)
@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ true // 布尔型字面量
> *字面量* → [*数字型字面量*](#numeric_literal) | [*字符串型字面量*](#string_literal) | [*布尔型字面量*](#boolean_literal) | [*nil型字面量*](#nil_literal) > *字面量* → [*数字型字面量*](#numeric_literal) | [*字符串型字面量*](#string_literal) | [*布尔型字面量*](#boolean_literal) | [*nil型字面量*](#nil_literal)
<a id="numeric_literal"></a> <a id="numeric_literal"></a>
> *数字型字面量* → **-** <sub>可选</sub> [*整型字面量*](#integer_literal) | **-** <sub>可选</sub> [*浮点型字面量*](#floating_point_literal) > *数字型字面量* → **-**<sub>可选</sub> [*整型字面量*](#integer_literal) | **-**<sub>可选</sub> [*浮点型字面量*](#floating_point_literal)
<a id="boolean_literal"></a> <a id="boolean_literal"></a>
> *布尔型字面量* → **true** | **false** > *布尔型字面量* → **true** | **false**
<a id="nil_literal"></a> <a id="nil_literal"></a>
@ -142,41 +142,41 @@ true // 布尔型字面量
> *整型字面量* → [*十六进制字面量*](#hexadecimal_literal) > *整型字面量* → [*十六进制字面量*](#hexadecimal_literal)
<a id="binary_literal"></a> <a id="binary_literal"></a>
> *二进制字面量* → **0b** [*二进制数字*](#binary_digit) [*二进制字面量字符组*](#binary_literal_characters) <sub>可选</sub> <a id="binary_digit"></a> > *二进制字面量* → **0b** [*二进制数字*](#binary_digit) [*二进制字面量字符组*](#binary_literal_characters)<sub>可选</sub> <a id="binary_digit"></a>
> *二进制数字* → 数值 0 到 1 > *二进制数字* → 数值 0 到 1
<a id="binary_literal_character"></a> <a id="binary_literal_character"></a>
> *二进制字面量字符* → [*二进制数字*](#binary_digit) | _ > *二进制字面量字符* → [*二进制数字*](#binary_digit) | _
<a id="binary_literal_characters"></a> <a id="binary_literal_characters"></a>
> *二进制字面量字符组* → [*二进制字面量字符*](#binary_literal_character) [*二进制字面量字符组*](#binary_literal_characters) <sub>可选</sub> > *二进制字面量字符组* → [*二进制字面量字符*](#binary_literal_character) [*二进制字面量字符组*](#binary_literal_characters)<sub>可选</sub>
<a id="octal_literal"></a> <a id="octal_literal"></a>
> *八进制字面量* → **0o** [*八进字数字*](#octal_digit) [*八进制字符组*](#octal_literal_characters) <sub>可选</sub> > *八进制字面量* → **0o** [*八进字数字*](#octal_digit) [*八进制字符组*](#octal_literal_characters)<sub>可选</sub>
<a id="octal_digit"></a> <a id="octal_digit"></a>
> *八进字数字* → 数值 0 到 7 > *八进字数字* → 数值 0 到 7
<a id="octal_literal_character"></a> <a id="octal_literal_character"></a>
> *八进制字符* → [*八进字数字*](#octal_digit) | _ > *八进制字符* → [*八进字数字*](#octal_digit) | _
<a id="octal_literal_characters"></a> <a id="octal_literal_characters"></a>
> *八进制字符组* → [*八进制字符*](#octal_literal_character) [*八进制字符组*](#octal_literal_characters) <sub>可选</sub> > *八进制字符组* → [*八进制字符*](#octal_literal_character) [*八进制字符组*](#octal_literal_characters)<sub>可选</sub>
<a id="decimal_literal"></a> <a id="decimal_literal"></a>
> *十进制字面量* → [*十进制数字*](#decimal_digit) [*十进制字符组*](#decimal_literal_characters)<sub>可选</sub> > *十进制字面量* → [*十进制数字*](#decimal_digit) [*十进制字符组*](#decimal_literal_characters)<sub>可选</sub>
<a id="decimal_digit"></a> <a id="decimal_digit"></a>
> *十进制数字* → 数值 0 到 9 > *十进制数字* → 数值 0 到 9
<a id="decimal_digits"></a> <a id="decimal_digits"></a>
> *十进制数字组* → [*十进制数字*](#decimal_digit) [*十进制数字组*](#decimal_digits) <sub>可选</sub> > *十进制数字组* → [*十进制数字*](#decimal_digit) [*十进制数字组*](#decimal_digits)<sub>可选</sub>
<a id="decimal_literal_character"></a> <a id="decimal_literal_character"></a>
> *十进制字符* → [*十进制数字*](#decimal_digit) | _ > *十进制字符* → [*十进制数字*](#decimal_digit) | _
<a id="decimal_literal_characters"></a> <a id="decimal_literal_characters"></a>
> *十进制字符组* → [*十进制字符*](#decimal_literal_character) [*十进制字符组*](#decimal_literal_characters) <sub>可选</sub> > *十进制字符组* → [*十进制字符*](#decimal_literal_character) [*十进制字符组*](#decimal_literal_characters)<sub>可选</sub>
<a id="hexadecimal_literal"></a> <a id="hexadecimal_literal"></a>
> *十六进制字面量* → **0x** [*十六进制数字*](#hexadecimal_digit) [*十六进制字面量字符组*](#hexadecimal_literal_characters) <sub>可选</sub> > *十六进制字面量* → **0x** [*十六进制数字*](#hexadecimal_digit) [*十六进制字面量字符组*](#hexadecimal_literal_characters)<sub>可选</sub>
<a id="hexadecimal_digit"></a> <a id="hexadecimal_digit"></a>
> *十六进制数字* → 数值 0 到 9, 字母 a 到 f, 或 A 到 F > *十六进制数字* → 数值 0 到 9, 字母 a 到 f, 或 A 到 F
<a id="hexadecimal_literal_character"></a> <a id="hexadecimal_literal_character"></a>
> *十六进制字符* → [*十六进制数字*](#hexadecimal_digit) | _ > *十六进制字符* → [*十六进制数字*](#hexadecimal_digit) | _
<a id="hexadecimal_literal_characters"></a> <a id="hexadecimal_literal_characters"></a>
> *十六进制字面量字符组* → [*十六进制字符*](#hexadecimal_literal_character) [*十六进制字面量字符组*](#hexadecimal_literal_characters) <sub>可选</sub> > *十六进制字面量字符组* → [*十六进制字符*](#hexadecimal_literal_character) [*十六进制字面量字符组*](#hexadecimal_literal_characters)<sub>可选</sub>
### 浮点型字面量 ### 浮点型字面量
@ -197,18 +197,18 @@ true // 布尔型字面量
> 浮点型字面量语法 > 浮点型字面量语法
<a id="floating_point_literal"></a> <a id="floating_point_literal"></a>
> *浮点数字面量* → [*十进制字面量*](#decimal_literal) [*十进制分数*](#decimal_fraction) <sub>可选</sub> [*十进制指数*](#decimal_exponent) <sub>可选</sub> > *浮点数字面量* → [*十进制字面量*](#decimal_literal) [*十进制分数*](#decimal_fraction)<sub>可选</sub> [*十进制指数*](#decimal_exponent)<sub>可选</sub>
> *浮点数字面量* → [*十六进制字面量*](#hexadecimal_literal) [*十六进制分数*](#hexadecimal_fraction) <sub>可选</sub> [*十六进制指数*](#hexadecimal_exponent) > *浮点数字面量* → [*十六进制字面量*](#hexadecimal_literal) [*十六进制分数*](#hexadecimal_fraction)<sub>可选</sub> [*十六进制指数*](#hexadecimal_exponent)
<a id="decimal_fraction"></a> <a id="decimal_fraction"></a>
> *十进制分数* → **.** [*十进制字面量*](#decimal_literal) > *十进制分数* → **.** [*十进制字面量*](#decimal_literal)
<a id="decimal_exponent"></a> <a id="decimal_exponent"></a>
> *十进制指数* → [*十进制指数 e*](#floating_point_e) [*正负号*](#sign) <sub>可选</sub> [*十进制字面量*](#decimal_literal) > *十进制指数* → [*十进制指数 e*](#floating_point_e) [*正负号*](#sign)<sub>可选</sub> [*十进制字面量*](#decimal_literal)
<a id="hexadecimal_fraction"></a> <a id="hexadecimal_fraction"></a>
> *十六进制分数* → **.** [*十六进制数字*](#hexadecimal_digit) [*十六进制字面量字符组*](#hexadecimal_literal_characters) <sub>可选</sub> > *十六进制分数* → **.** [*十六进制数字*](#hexadecimal_digit) [*十六进制字面量字符组*](#hexadecimal_literal_characters)<sub>可选</sub>
<a id="hexadecimal_exponent"></a> <a id="hexadecimal_exponent"></a>
> *十六进制指数* → [*十六进制指数 p*](#floating_point_p) [*正负号*](#sign) <sub>可选</sub> [*十进制字面量*](#decimal_literal) > *十六进制指数* → [*十六进制指数 p*](#floating_point_p) [*正负号*](#sign)<sub>可选</sub> [*十进制字面量*](#decimal_literal)
<a id="floating_point_e"></a> <a id="floating_point_e"></a>
> *十进制指数 e* → **e** | **E** > *十进制指数 e* → **e** | **E**
@ -265,17 +265,17 @@ let textB = "Hello world"
> *字符串字面量* → [*静态字符串字面量*](#static_string_literal) | [*插值字符串字面量*](#interpolated_string_literal) > *字符串字面量* → [*静态字符串字面量*](#static_string_literal) | [*插值字符串字面量*](#interpolated_string_literal)
<a id="static_string_literal"></a> <a id="static_string_literal"></a>
> *静态字符串字面量* → **"**[*引用文本*](#quoted_text) <sub>可选</sub>**"** > *静态字符串字面量* → **"**[*引用文本*](#quoted_text)<sub>可选</sub>**"**
<a id="quoted_text"></a> <a id="quoted_text"></a>
> *引用文本* → [*引用文本项*](#quoted_text_item) [*引用文本*](#quoted_text) <sub>可选</sub> > *引用文本* → [*引用文本项*](#quoted_text_item) [*引用文本*](#quoted_text)<sub>可选</sub>
<a id="quoted_text_item"></a> <a id="quoted_text_item"></a>
> *引用文本项* → [*转义字符*](#escaped_character) > *引用文本项* → [*转义字符*](#escaped_character)
> *引用文本项* → 除了 **"**、**\\**、U+000A、U+000D 以外的所有 Unicode 字符 > *引用文本项* → 除了 **"**、**\\**、U+000A、U+000D 以外的所有 Unicode 字符
<a id="interpolated_string_literal"></a> <a id="interpolated_string_literal"></a>
> *插值字符串字面量* → **"**[*插值文本*](#interpolated_text) <sub>可选</sub>**"** > *插值字符串字面量* → **"**[*插值文本*](#interpolated_text)<sub>可选</sub>**"**
<a id="interpolated_text"></a> <a id="interpolated_text"></a>
> *插值文本* → [*插值文本项*](#interpolated_text_item) [*插值文本*](#interpolated_text) <sub>可选</sub> > *插值文本* → [*插值文本项*](#interpolated_text_item) [*插值文本*](#interpolated_text)<sub>可选</sub>
<a id="interpolated_text_item"></a> <a id="interpolated_text_item"></a>
> *插值文本项* → **\\****(**[*表达式*](./04_Expressions.html)**)** | [*引用文本项*](#quoted_text_item) > *插值文本项* → **\\****(**[*表达式*](./04_Expressions.html)**)** | [*引用文本项*](#quoted_text_item)
@ -313,8 +313,8 @@ Swift 标准库定义了许多可供使用的运算符，其中大部分在 [基
> 运算符语法 > 运算符语法
<a id="operator"></a> <a id="operator"></a>
> *运算符* → [*头部运算符*](#operator_head) [*运算符字符组*](#operator_characters) <sub>可选</sub> > *运算符* → [*头部运算符*](#operator_head) [*运算符字符组*](#operator_characters)<sub>可选</sub>
> *运算符* → [*头部点运算符*](#dot_operator_head) [*点运算符字符组*](#dot_operator_characters) <sub>可选</sub> > *运算符* → [*头部点运算符*](#dot_operator_head) [*点运算符字符组*](#dot_operator_characters)<sub>可选</sub>
<a id="operator_head"></a> <a id="operator_head"></a>
> *头部运算符* → **/** | **=** | **-** | **+** | **!** | __*__ | **%** | **<** | **>** | **&** | **|** | **^** | **~** | **?** > *头部运算符* → **/** | **=** | **-** | **+** | **!** | __*__ | **%** | **<** | **>** | **&** | **|** | **^** | **~** | **?**
@ -342,14 +342,14 @@ Swift 标准库定义了许多可供使用的运算符，其中大部分在 [基
> *运算符字符* → U+FE20–U+FE2F > *运算符字符* → U+FE20–U+FE2F
> *运算符字符* → U+E0100–U+E01EF > *运算符字符* → U+E0100–U+E01EF
<a id="operator_characters"></a> <a id="operator_characters"></a>
> *运算符字符组* → [*运算符字符*](#operator_character) [*运算符字符组*](#operator_characters) <sub>可选</sub> > *运算符字符组* → [*运算符字符*](#operator_character) [*运算符字符组*](#operator_characters)<sub>可选</sub>
<a id="dot_operator_head"></a> <a id="dot_operator_head"></a>
> *头部点运算符* → **..** > *头部点运算符* → **..**
<a id="dot_operator_character"></a> <a id="dot_operator_character"></a>
> *点运算符字符* → **.** | [*运算符字符*](#operator_character) > *点运算符字符* → **.** | [*运算符字符*](#operator_character)
<a id="dot_operator_characters"></a> <a id="dot_operator_characters"></a>
> *点运算符字符组* → [*点运算符字符*](#dot_operator_character) [*点运算符字符组*](#dot_operator_characters) <sub>可选</sub> > *点运算符字符组* → [*点运算符字符*](#dot_operator_character) [*点运算符字符组*](#dot_operator_characters)<sub>可选</sub>
> *二元运算符* → [*运算符*](#operator) > *二元运算符* → [*运算符*](#operator)
> *前置运算符* → [*运算符*](#operator) > *前置运算符* → [*运算符*](#operator)