diff --git a/source/chapter2/19_Nested_Types.md b/source/chapter2/19_Nested_Types.md index 5edc7930..89d96cd9 100644 --- a/source/chapter2/19_Nested_Types.md +++ b/source/chapter2/19_Nested_Types.md @@ -1,14 +1,13 @@ -> 翻译:Lin-H - -> 校对:shinyzhu +> 翻译:Lin-H +> 校对:shinyzhu # 类型嵌套 ----------------- 本页包含内容: -- [类型嵌套实例](#nested_types_in_action) -- [类型嵌套的引用](#referring_to_nested_types) +- [类型嵌套实例](#nested_types_in_action) +- [类型嵌套的引用](#referring_to_nested_types) 枚举类型常被用于实现特定类或结构体的功能。也能够在有多种变量类型的环境中,方便地定义通用类或结构体来使用,为了实现这种功能,Swift允许你定义类型嵌套,可以在枚举类型、类和结构体中定义支持嵌套的类型。 @@ -21,41 +20,45 @@ 在`BlackjackCard`规则中,`Ace`牌可以表示1或者11,`Ace`牌的这一特征用一个嵌套在枚举型`Rank`的结构体`Values`来表示。 - struct BlackjackCard { - // 嵌套定义枚举型Suit - enum Suit: Character { - case Spades = "♠", Hearts = "♡", Diamonds = "♢", Clubs = "♣" - } - // 嵌套定义枚举型Rank - enum Rank: Int { - case Two = 2, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten - case Jack, Queen, King, Ace - struct Values { - let first: Int, second: Int? - } - var values: Values { - switch self { - case .Ace: - return Values(first: 1, second: 11) - case .Jack, .Queen, .King: - return Values(first: 10, second: nil) - default: - return Values(first: self.toRaw(), second: nil) - } - } - } - // BlackjackCard 的属性和方法 - let rank: Rank, suit: Suit - var description: String { - var output = "suit is \(suit.toRaw())," - output += " value is \(rank.values.first)" - if let second = rank.values.second { - output += " or \(second)" - } - return output - } +```swift +struct BlackjackCard { + // 嵌套定义枚举型Suit + enum Suit: Character { + case Spades = "♠", Hearts = "♡", Diamonds = "♢", Clubs = "♣" } + // 嵌套定义枚举型Rank + enum Rank: Int { + case Two = 2, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten + case Jack, Queen, King, Ace + struct Values { + let first: Int, second: Int? + } + var values: Values { + switch self { + case .Ace: + return Values(first: 1, second: 11) + case .Jack, .Queen, .King: + return Values(first: 10, second: nil) + default: + return Values(first: self.toRaw(), second: nil) + } + } + } + + // BlackjackCard 的属性和方法 + let rank: Rank, suit: Suit + var description: String { + var output = "suit is \(suit.toRaw())," + output += " value is \(rank.values.first)" + if let second = rank.values.second { + output += " or \(second)" + } + return output + } +} +``` + 枚举型的`Suit`用来描述扑克牌的四种花色,并分别用一个`Character`类型的值代表花色符号。 枚举型的`Rank`用来描述扑克牌从`Ace`~10,`J`,`Q`,`K`,13张牌,并分别用一个`Int`类型的值表示牌的面值。(这个`Int`类型的值不适用于`Ace`,`J`,`Q`,`K`的牌)。 @@ -71,9 +74,11 @@ 因为`BlackjackCard`是一个没有自定义构造函数的结构体,在[Memberwise Initializers for Structure Types](https://github.com/CocoaChina-editors/Welcome-to-Swift/blob/master/The%20Swift%20Programming%20Language/02Language%20Guide/14Initialization.md)中知道结构体有默认的成员构造函数,所以你可以用默认的`initializer`去初始化新的常量`theAceOfSpades`: - let theAceOfSpades = BlackjackCard(rank: .Ace, suit: .Spades) - println("theAceOfSpades: \(theAceOfSpades.description)") - // 打印出 "theAceOfSpades: suit is ♠, value is 1 or 11" +```swift +let theAceOfSpades = BlackjackCard(rank: .Ace, suit: .Spades) +println("theAceOfSpades: \(theAceOfSpades.description)") +// 打印出 "theAceOfSpades: suit is ♠, value is 1 or 11" +``` 尽管`Rank`和`Suit`嵌套在`BlackjackCard`中,但仍可被引用,所以在初始化实例时能够通过枚举类型中的成员名称单独引用。在上面的例子中`description`属性能正确得输出对`Ace`牌有1和11两个值。 @@ -82,7 +87,10 @@ 在外部对嵌套类型的引用,以被嵌套类型的名字为前缀,加上所要引用的属性名: - let heartsSymbol = BlackjackCard.Suit.Hearts.toRaw() - // 红心的符号 为 "♡" +```swift +let heartsSymbol = BlackjackCard.Suit.Hearts.toRaw() +// 红心的符号 为 "♡" +``` 对于上面这个例子,这样可以使`Suit`, `Rank`, 和 `Values`的名字尽可能的短,因为它们的名字会自然的由被定义的上下文来限定。 +