diff --git a/source/chapter3/10_Statements.md b/source/chapter3/10_Statements.md index cd82b53c..21fb1b9c 100644 --- a/source/chapter3/10_Statements.md +++ b/source/chapter3/10_Statements.md @@ -206,6 +206,52 @@ else { ### Switch 语句 +取决于控制`switch`语句的表达式,`switch`语句将决定执行哪一块代码。 + +`switch`语句的形式如下: + +```swift +switch `control expression` { + case `pattern 1`: + `statements` + case `pattern 2` where `condition`: + `statements` + case `pattern 3` where `condition`, + `pattern 4` where `condition`: + `statements` + default: + `statements` +} +``` + +#### Switch 语句必须是完备的 + +在 Swift 中,控制`switch`语句的表达式的每一个可能的值都必须有至少一个`case`块与之对应。在某些情况下(例如,表达式的类型是`Int`),你可以使用`default`块满足该要求。 + +#### 不存在隐式的Fallthrough + +当匹配的`case`块中的代码执行完毕后,程序会终止`switch`语句,而不会继续执行下一个`case`块。这就意味着,如果你想执行下一个`case`块,需要显式地在你需要的`case`块里使用`fallthrough`语句。关于`fallthrough`语句的更多信息,请参考[Fallthrough 语句`待添加链接`]()。 + +> GRAMMAR OF A SWITCH STATEMENT + +> *switch-statement* → **switch** [*expression*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Expressions.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/expression) **{** [*switch-cases*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Statements.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/switch-cases)*opt **}** + +> *switch-cases* → [*switch-case*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Statements.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/switch-case) [*switch-cases*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Statements.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/switch-cases)*opt + +> *switch-case* → [*case-label*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Statements.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/case-label) [*statement*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Statements.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/statements) | [*default-label*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Statements.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/default-label) [*statements*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Statements.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/statements) + +> *switch-case* → [*case-label*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Statements.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/case-label) **;** | [*default-label*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Statements.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/default-label) **;** + +> *case-label* → **case** [*case-item-list*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Statements.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/case-item-list) **:** + +> *case-item-list* → [*pattern*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Patterns.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/pattern) [*guard-clause*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Statements.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/guard-clause)*opt* | [*pattern*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Patterns.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/pattern) [*guard-clause*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Statements.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/guard-clause)*opt*, [*case-item-list*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Statements.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/case-item-list) + +> *default-label* → **default :** + +> *guard-clause* → **where** [*guard-expression*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Statements.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/guard-expression) + +> *guard-expression* → [*expression*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Expressions.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/expression) + ## 带标签的语句 你可以在循环语句或`switch`语句前面加上*标签*,它由标签名和紧随其后的冒号(:)组成。在`break`和`continue`后面跟上标签名可以显式地在循环语句或`switch`语句中更改控制流,把控制权传递给指定标签标记的语句。关于这两条语句用法,请参考[Break 语句`待添加链接`]()和[Continue 语句`待添加链接`]()。 @@ -282,7 +328,7 @@ continue `标签名` ### Fallthrough 语句 -`fallthrough`语句用于在`switch`语句中传递控制权。`fallthrough`语句会把控制权从`switch`语句中的一个`case`传递给下一个`case`。这种控制权的传递是无条件的,即使下一个`case`的值与`switch`语句处理的表达式的值不匹配。 +`fallthrough`语句用于在`switch`语句中传递控制权。`fallthrough`语句会把控制权从`switch`语句中的一个`case`传递给下一个`case`。这种传递是无条件的,即使下一个`case`的值与控制`switch`语句的表达式的值不匹配。 `fallthrough`语句可出现在`switch`语句中的任意`case`里,但不能出现在最后一个'case'块。同时,`fallthrough`语句也不能把控制权传递给使用了可选绑定的`case`块。