校对
This commit is contained in:
@ -12,34 +12,29 @@
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
- [如何阅读语法](#how_to_read_the_grammar)
|
- [如何阅读语法](#how_to_read_the_grammar)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
本书的这一节描述了Swift编程语言的形式语法。这里描述的语法是为了帮助您更详细的了解该语言,而不是让您直接实现一个解析器或编译器。
|
本书的这一节描述了 Swift 编程语言的形式语法。这里描述的语法是为了帮助您更详细地了解该语言,而不是让您直接实现一个解析器或编译器。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Swift语言相对小一点,这是由于在Swift代码中几乎所有常见的类型、函数以及运算符都已经在Swift标准库中定义了。虽然这些类型、函数和运算符并不是Swift语言自身的一部分,但是它们被广泛应用于本书的讨论和代码范例中。
|
Swift 语言相对较小,这是由于 Swift 代码中的几乎所有常见类型、函数以及运算符都已经在 Swift 标准库中定义了。虽然这些类型、函数和运算符并不是 Swift 语言自身的一部分,但是它们被广泛应用于本书的讨论和代码范例中。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<a name="how_to_read_the_grammar"></a>
|
<a name="how_to_read_the_grammar"></a>
|
||||||
## 如何阅读语法
|
## 如何阅读语法
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
用来描述Swift编程语言形式语法的标记遵循下面几个约定:
|
用来描述 Swift 编程语言形式语法的符号遵循下面几个约定:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- 箭头(→)用来标记语法产式,可以理解为“可以包含”。
|
- 箭头(`→`)用来标记语法产式,可以理解为“可由……构成”。
|
||||||
- *斜体*文字用来表示句法分类,并出现在一个语法产式规则两侧。
|
- 斜体文字用来表示句法类型,并出现在一个语法产式规则两侧。
|
||||||
- 义词和标点符号由粗体固定宽度的文本标记,而且只出现在一个语法产式规则的右侧。
|
- 关键字和标点符号由固定宽度的粗体文本表示,只出现在一个语法产式规则的右侧。
|
||||||
- 选择性的语法产式由竖线(|)分隔。当可选用的语法产式太多时,为了阅读方便,它们将被拆分为多行语法产式规则。
|
- 可供选择的语法产式由竖线(`|`)分隔。当可选用的语法产式太多时,为了阅读方便,它们将被拆分为多行语法产式规则。
|
||||||
- 少数情况下,常规字体文字用来描述语法产式规则的右边。
|
- 少数情况下,语法产式规则的右侧会有用于描述的常规字体文字。
|
||||||
- 可选的句法分类和文字用尾标`opt`来标记。
|
- 可选的句法类型和字面值用尾标 `opt` 来标记。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
举个例子,getter-setter 的语法块的定义如下:
|
举个例子,getter-setter 的语法块的定义如下:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> GRAMMAR OF A GETTER-SETTER BLOCK
|
> getter-setter 方法块语法
|
||||||
> *getter-setter-block* → { [*getter-clause*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/getter-clause) [*setter-clause*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/setter-clause)*opt* } | { [*setter-clause*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/setter-clause) [*getter-clause*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/getter-clause)}
|
> *getter-setter 方法块* → { [*getter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/getter-clause) [*setter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/setter-clause) <sub>可选</sub> } | { [*setter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/setter-clause) [*getter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/getter-clause) }
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
这个定义表明,一个getter-setter方法块可以由一个getter子句后跟一个可选的setter子句构成,然后用大括号括起来,或者由一个setter子句后跟一个getter子句构成,然后用大括号括起来。下面的两个语法产式等价于上述的语法产式,并明确指出了如何取舍:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
> GRAMMAR OF A GETTER-SETTER BLOCK
|
|
||||||
> getter-setter-block → { [*getter-clause*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/getter-clause) [*setter-clause*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/setter-clause)*opt* }
|
|
||||||
> getter-setter-block → { [*setter-clause*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/setter-clause) [*getter-clause*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/getter-clause)}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
这个定义表明,一个 getter-setter 方法块可以由一个 getter 子句后跟一个可选的 setter 子句构成,然后用大括号括起来,或者由一个 setter 子句后跟一个 getter 子句构成,然后用大括号括起来。下面的两个语法产式等价于上述的语法产式,并明确指出了如何取舍:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> getter-setter 方法块语法
|
||||||
|
> getter-setter 方法块 → { [*getter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/getter-clause) [*setter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/setter-clause) <sub>可选</sub> }
|
||||||
|
> getter-setter 方法块 → { [*setter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/setter-clause) [*getter 子句*](https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/getter-clause) }
|
||||||
|
|||||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user