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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>1.</b> 欢迎使用 Swift
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>1.2.</b> Swift 初见
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.</b> Swift 教程
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.1.</b> 基础部分
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.2.</b> 基本运算符
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.3.</b> 字符串和字符
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<a href="../chapter2/04_Collection_Types.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.4.</b> 集合类型
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.5" data-path="chapter2/05_Control_Flow.html">
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<a href="../chapter2/05_Control_Flow.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.5.</b> 控制流
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6" data-path="chapter2/06_Functions.html">
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<a href="../chapter2/06_Functions.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.6.</b> 函数
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7" data-path="chapter2/07_Closures.html">
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<a href="../chapter2/07_Closures.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.7.</b> 闭包
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.8" data-path="chapter2/08_Enumerations.html">
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<a href="../chapter2/08_Enumerations.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.8.</b> 枚举
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.9" data-path="chapter2/09_Classes_and_Structures.html">
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<a href="../chapter2/09_Classes_and_Structures.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.9.</b> 类和结构体
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.10" data-path="chapter2/10_Properties.html">
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<a href="../chapter2/10_Properties.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.10.</b> 属性
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.11" data-path="chapter2/11_Methods.html">
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<a href="../chapter2/11_Methods.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.11.</b> 方法
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.12" data-path="chapter2/12_Subscripts.html">
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<a href="../chapter2/12_Subscripts.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.12.</b> 附属脚本
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.13" data-path="chapter2/13_Inheritance.html">
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<a href="../chapter2/13_Inheritance.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.13.</b> 继承
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.14" data-path="chapter2/14_Initialization.html">
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<a href="../chapter2/14_Initialization.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.14.</b> 构造过程
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.15" data-path="chapter2/15_Deinitialization.html">
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<a href="../chapter2/15_Deinitialization.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.15.</b> 析构过程
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.16" data-path="chapter2/16_Automatic_Reference_Counting.html">
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<a href="../chapter2/16_Automatic_Reference_Counting.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.16.</b> 自动引用计数
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.17" data-path="chapter2/17_Optional_Chaining.html">
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<a href="../chapter2/17_Optional_Chaining.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.17.</b> 可选链
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.18" data-path="chapter2/18_Type_Casting.html">
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<a href="../chapter2/18_Type_Casting.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.18.</b> 类型检查
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.19" data-path="chapter2/19_Nested_Types.html">
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<a href="../chapter2/19_Nested_Types.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.19.</b> 类型嵌套
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.20" data-path="chapter2/20_Extensions.html">
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<a href="../chapter2/20_Extensions.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.20.</b> 扩展
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.21" data-path="chapter2/21_Protocols.html">
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<a href="../chapter2/21_Protocols.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.21.</b> 协议
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.22" data-path="chapter2/22_Generics.html">
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<a href="../chapter2/22_Generics.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.22.</b> 泛型
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.23" data-path="chapter2/23_Advanced_Operators.html">
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<a href="../chapter2/23_Advanced_Operators.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>2.23.</b> 高级操作符
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3" data-path="chapter3/chapter3.html">
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<a href="../chapter3/chapter3.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>3.</b> 语言参考
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="chapter3/01_About_the_Language_Reference.html">
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<a href="../chapter3/01_About_the_Language_Reference.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>3.1.</b> 关于语言参考
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2" data-path="chapter3/02_Lexical_Structure.html">
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<a href="../chapter3/02_Lexical_Structure.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>3.2.</b> 词法结构
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3" data-path="chapter3/03_Types.html">
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<a href="../chapter3/03_Types.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>3.3.</b> 类型
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</a>
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|
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</li>
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4" data-path="chapter3/04_Expressions.html">
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<a href="../chapter3/04_Expressions.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>3.4.</b> 表达式
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</a>
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5" data-path="chapter3/10_Statements.html">
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<a href="../chapter3/10_Statements.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>3.5.</b> 语句
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</a>
|
||
|
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</li>
|
||
|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6" data-path="chapter3/05_Declarations.html">
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<a href="../chapter3/05_Declarations.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>3.6.</b> 声明
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</a>
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|
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</li>
|
||
|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.7" data-path="chapter3/06_Attributes.html">
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<a href="../chapter3/06_Attributes.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>3.7.</b> 特性
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</a>
|
||
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.8" data-path="chapter3/07_Patterns.html">
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<a href="../chapter3/07_Patterns.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>3.8.</b> 模式
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</a>
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|
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</li>
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.9" data-path="chapter3/08_Generic_Parameters_and_Arguments.html">
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<a href="../chapter3/08_Generic_Parameters_and_Arguments.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>3.9.</b> 泛型参数
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</a>
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</li>
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="3.10" data-path="chapter3/09_Summary_of_the_Grammar.html">
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<a href="../chapter3/09_Summary_of_the_Grammar.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i> <b>3.10.</b> 语法总结
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</a>
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="page-inner">
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<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_63">
|
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<blockquote>
|
||
<p>翻译：ChildhoodAndy</p>
|
||
<p>校对：numbbbbb</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h1 id="-">关于语言附注</h1>
|
||
<hr>
|
||
<p>本页内容包括：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="#how_to_read_the_grammar">如何阅读语法</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>本书的这一节描述了Swift编程语言的形式语法。这里描述的语法是为了帮助您更详细的了解该语言，而不是让您直接实现一个解析器或编译器。</p>
|
||
<p>Swift语言相对小点，这是由于在Swift代码中几乎无处不在的许多常见的的类型，函数以及运算符都由Swift标准库来定义。虽然这些类型，函数和运算符不是Swift语言本身的一部分，但是它们被广泛用于这本书的讨论和代码范例。</p>
|
||
<p><a name="how_to_read_the_grammar"></a></p>
|
||
<h2 id="-">如何阅读语法</h2>
|
||
<p>用来描述Swift编程语言形式语法的记法遵循下面几个约定：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>箭头（→）用来标记语法产式，可以被理解为“可以包含”。</li>
|
||
<li>句法范畴由<em>斜体</em>文字表示，并出现在一个语法产式规则两侧。</li>
|
||
<li>义词和标点符号由粗体固定宽度的文本显示和只出现在一个语法产式规则的右边。</li>
|
||
<li>选择性的语法产式由竖线（|）分隔。当可选用的语法产式太多时，为了阅读方便，它们将被拆分为多行语法产式规则。</li>
|
||
<li>在少数情况下，常规字体文字用来描述语法产式规则的右边。</li>
|
||
<li>可选的句法范畴和文字用尾标<code>opt</code>来标记。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>举个例子，getter-setter的语法块的定义如下：</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>GRAMMAR OF A GETTER-SETTER BLOCK</p>
|
||
<p><em>getter-setter-block</em> → { <a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/getter-clause" target="_blank"><em>getter-clause</em></a> <a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/setter-clause" target="_blank"><em>setter-clause</em></a><em>opt</em> } | { <a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/setter-clause" target="_blank"><em>setter-clause</em></a> <a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/getter-clause" target="_blank"><em>getter-clause</em></a>}</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<p>这个定义表明，一个getter-setter方法块可以由一个getter子句后跟一个可选的setter子句构成，用大括号括起来，或者由一个setter子句后跟一个getter子句构成，用大括号括起来。上述的文法产生等价于下面的两个产生，明确阐明如何二中择一：</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>GRAMMAR OF A GETTER-SETTER BLOCK</p>
|
||
<p>getter-setter-block → { <a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/getter-clause" target="_blank"><em>getter-clause</em></a> <a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/setter-clause" target="_blank"><em>setter-clause</em></a><em>opt</em> }</p>
|
||
<p>getter-setter-block → { <a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/setter-clause" target="_blank"><em>setter-clause</em></a> <a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/Swift/Conceptual/Swift_Programming_Language/Declarations.html#//apple_ref/swift/grammar/getter-clause" target="_blank"><em>getter-clause</em></a>}</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
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</div>
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