Merge pull request #729 from Chalarangelo/glossary-terms-chalarangelo

Glossary terms

glossary/Asynchronous-programming.md

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+### Asynchronous programming
+
+Asynchronous programming is a way to allow multiple events to trigger code without waiting for each other.
+The main benefits of asynchronous programming are improved application performance and responsiveness.

glossary/Automatic-semicolon-insertion.md

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+### Automatic semicolon insertion
+
+Automatic semicolon insertion (ASI) is a JavaScript feature that allows developers to omit semicolons in their code.

glossary/CSV.md

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+### CSV
+
+CSV stands for Comma-Separated Values and is a storage format for tabular data.
+CSV documents are plaintext documents where each line represents a table row, with table columns separated by commas or some other delimiter (e.g. semicolons).
+The first line of a CSV document sometimes consists of the table column headings for the data to follow.

glossary/Character-encoding.md

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+### Character encoding
+
+A character encoding defines a mapping between bytes and text, specifying how the sequenece of bytes should be interpreted.
+Two commonly used character encodings are ASCII and UTF-8.

glossary/CoffeeScript.md

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+### CoffeeScript
+
+CoffeeScript is a programming language inspired by Ruby, Python and Haskell that transpiles to JavaScript.

glossary/Constructor.md

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+### Constructor
+
+In class-based object-oriented programming, a constructor is a special type of function called to instantiate an object.
+Constructors often accept arguments that are commonly used to set member properties.

glossary/Continuous-Deployment.md

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+### Continuous Deployment
+
+Continuous Deployment follows the testing that happens during Continuous Integration and pushes changes to a staging or production system. 
+Continuous Deployment ensures that a version of the codebase is accessible at all times.

glossary/Continuous-Integration.md

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+### Continuous Integration
+
+Continuous Integration (CI) is the practice of testing each change done to a codebase automatically and as early as possible.
+Two popular CI systems that integrate with GitHub are Travis CI and Circle CI.

glossary/Deserialization.md

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+### Deserialization
+
+Deserialization is the process of converting a format that has been transferred over a network and/or used for storage to an object or data structure.
+A common type of deserialization in JavaScript is the conversion of JSON string into an object.

glossary/Event-driven-programming.md

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+### Event-driven programming
+
+Event-driven programming is a programming paradigm in which the flow of the program is determined by events (e.g. user actions, thread messages, sensor outputs).
+In event-driven applications, there is usually a main loop that listens for events and trigger callback functions accordingly when one of these events is detected.

glossary/Factory-functions.md

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+### Factory functions
+
+In JavaScript, a factory function is any function, which is not a class or constructor, that returns a new object.
+Factory functions don't require the use of the `new` keyword.

glossary/First-class-function.md

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+### First-class function
+
+A programming language is said to have first-class functions if it treats them as first-class citizens, meaning they can be passed as arguments, be returned as values from other functions, be assigned to variables and stored in data structures.

glossary/Higher-order-function.md

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+### Higher-order function
+
+Higher-order functions are functions that either take other functions as arguments, return a function as a result, or both.

glossary/Hoisting.md

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+### Hoisting
+
+Hoisting is JavaScript's default behavior of adding declarations to memory during the compile phase.
+Hoisting allows for JavaScript variables to be used before the line they were declared on.

glossary/MDN.md

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+### MDN
+
+MDN Web Docs, formerly known as Mozilla Developer Network, is the official Mozilla website for development documentation of web standards and Mozilla projects.

glossary/Module.md

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+### Module
+
+Modules are independent, self-contained pieces of code that can be incorporated into other pieces of code.
+Modules improve maintainability and reusability of the code.

glossary/NoSQL.md

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+### NoSQL
+
+NoSQL databases provide a mechanism to create, update, retrieve and calculate data that is stored in models that are non-tabular.

glossary/Node-js.md

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+### Node.js
+
+Node.js is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.
+Node.js can execute JavaScript code outside of the browser and can be used to develop web backends or standalone applications.

glossary/Prepared-statements.md

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+### Prepared statements
+
+In databases management systems, prepared statements are templates that can be used to execute queries with the provided values substituting the template's parameters.
+Prepared statements offer many benefits, such as reusability, maintainability and higher security.

glossary/Prototype-based-programming.md

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+### Prototype-based programming
+
+Prototype-based programming is a style of object-oriented programming, where inheritance is based on object delegation, reusing objects that serve as prototypes.
+Prototype-based programming allows the creation of objects before defining their classes.

glossary/Responsive-web-design.md

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+### Responsive web design
+
+Responsive web design is a web development concept aiming to provide optimal behavior and performance of websites on all web-enabled devices.
+Responsive web design is usually coupled with a mobile-first approach.

glossary/SEO.md

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+### SEO
+
+SEO stands for Search Engine Optimization and refers to the process of improving a website's search rankings and visibility.

glossary/Serialization.md

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+### Serialization
+
+Serialization is the process of converting an object or data structure into a format suitable for transfer over a network and/or storage.
+A common type of serialization in JavaScript is the conversion of an object into a JSON string.

glossary/Stream.md

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+### Stream
+
+A stream is a sequence of data made available over time, often due to network transmission or storage access times.

glossary/Strict-mode.md

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+### Strict mode
+
+JavaScript's strict mode is a JavaScript feature that allows developers to use a more restrictive variant of JavaScript and it can be enabled by adding `'use strict';` at the very top of their code.
+Strict mode elimiated some silent errors, might improve performance and changes the behavior of `eval` and `arguments` among other things.

glossary/TypeScript.md

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+### TypeScript
+
+TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript, adding optional static typing to the language.
+TypeScript compiles to plain JavaScript.

glossary/UTF-8.md

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+### UTF-8
+
+UTF-8 stands for UCS Transformation Format 8 and is a commonly used character encoding.
+UTF-8 is backwards compatible with ASCII and can represent any standard Unicode character.

glossary/Viewport.md

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+### Viewport
+
+A viewport is a polygonal (usually rectangular) area in computer graphics that is currently being viewed.
+In web development and design, it refers to the visible part of the document that is being viewed by the user in the browser window.

glossary/Vue.md

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+### Vue
+
+Vue.js is a progressive frontend framework for building user interfaces.
+Vue.js separates view and state, utilizing a virtual DOM to update the user interface.

glossary/WebAssembly.md

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+### WebAssembly
+
+WebAssembly (WA) is a web standard that defines an assembly-like text format and corresponding binary format for executalbe code in web pages.
+WebAssembly is meant to complement JavaScript and improve its performance to match native code performance.

glossary/WebSockets.md

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+### WebSockets
+
+WebSockets is a protocol that allows for a persistent client-server TCP connection.
+The WebSocket protocol uses lower overheads, facilitating real-time data transfer between client and server.

glossary/XHTML.md

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+### XHTML
+
+XHTML stands for EXtensible HyperText Markup Language and is a language used to structure web pages.
+XHTML is a reformulation of the HTML document structure as an application of XML.