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Rohit Tanwar
2018-02-20 17:08:10 +05:30
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@ -22,5 +22,4 @@ is_upper_case:[Rohit Tanwar](@kriadmin)
is_lower_case:[Rohit Tanwar](@kriadmin) is_lower_case:[Rohit Tanwar](@kriadmin)
count_by:[Rohit Tanwar](@kriadmin) count_by:[Rohit Tanwar](@kriadmin)
insertion_sort:[Meet Zaveri](@meetzaveri) insertion_sort:[Meet Zaveri](@meetzaveri)
difference_by:[Rohit Tanwar](@kriadmin) difference_by:[Rohit Tanwar](@kriadmin)

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### average ### average
:information_source: Already implemented via `statistics.mean`. `statistics.mean` takes an array as an argument whereas this function takes variadic arguments. :information_source: Already implemented via `statistics.mean`. `statistics.mean` takes an array as an argument whereas this function takes variadic arguments.
Returns the average of two or more numbers. Returns the average of two or more numbers.
Takes the sum of all the `args` and divides it by `len(args)`. The secind argument `0.0` in sum is to handle floating point division in `python2`. Takes the sum of all the `args` and divides it by `len(args)`. The secind argument `0.0` in sum is to handle floating point division in `python2`.
```python ```python
def average(*args): def average(*args):
return sum(args, 0.0) / len(args) return sum(args, 0.0) / len(args)
``` ```
``` python ``` python
average(*[1, 2, 3]) # 2.0 average(*[1, 2, 3]) # 2.0
average(1, 2, 3) # 2.0 average(1, 2, 3) # 2.0
``` ```

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### byte_size ### byte_size
Returns the length of a string in bytes. Returns the length of a string in bytes.
`utf-8` encodes a given string and find its length. `utf-8` encodes a given string and find its length.
```python ```python
def byte_size(string): def byte_size(string):
return(len(string.encode('utf-8'))) return(len(string.encode('utf-8')))
``` ```
```python ```python
byte_size('😀') # 4 byte_size('😀') # 4
byte_size('Hello World') # 11 byte_size('Hello World') # 11
``` ```

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### capitalize ### capitalize
Capitalizes the first letter of a string. Capitalizes the first letter of a string.
Capitalizes the fist letter of the sring and then adds it with rest of the string. Omit the `lower_rest` parameter to keep the rest of the string intact, or set it to `true` to convert to lowercase. Capitalizes the fist letter of the sring and then adds it with rest of the string. Omit the `lower_rest` parameter to keep the rest of the string intact, or set it to `true` to convert to lowercase.
```python ```python
def capitalize(string, lower_rest=False): def capitalize(string, lower_rest=False):
return string[:1].upper() + (string[1:].lower() if lower_rest else string[1:]) return string[:1].upper() + (string[1:].lower() if lower_rest else string[1:])
``` ```
```python ```python
capitalize('fooBar') # 'FooBar' capitalize('fooBar') # 'FooBar'
capitalize('fooBar', True) # 'Foobar' capitalize('fooBar', True) # 'Foobar'
``` ```

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### capitalize_every_word ### capitalize_every_word
Capitalizes the first letter of every word in a string. Capitalizes the first letter of every word in a string.
Uses `str.title` to capitalize first letter of evry word in the string. Uses `str.title` to capitalize first letter of evry word in the string.
```python ```python
def capitalize_every_word(string): def capitalize_every_word(string):
return string.title() return string.title()
``` ```
```python ```python
capitalize_every_word('hello world!') # 'Hello World!' capitalize_every_word('hello world!') # 'Hello World!'
``` ```

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### chunk ### chunk
Chunks an array into smaller lists of a specified size. Chunks an array into smaller lists of a specified size.
Uses `range` to create a list of desired size. Then use `map` on this list and fill it with splices of `arr`. Uses `range` to create a list of desired size. Then use `map` on this list and fill it with splices of `arr`.
```python ```python
from math import ceil from math import ceil
def chunk(arr, size): def chunk(arr, size):
return list( return list(
map(lambda x: arr[x * size:x * size + size], map(lambda x: arr[x * size:x * size + size],
list(range(0, ceil(len(arr) / size))))) list(range(0, ceil(len(arr) / size)))))
``` ```
``` python ``` python
chunk([1,2,3,4,5],2) # [[1,2],[3,4],5] chunk([1,2,3,4,5],2) # [[1,2],[3,4],5]
``` ```

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### compact ### compact
Removes falsey values from a list. Removes falsey values from a list.
Use `filter()` to filter out falsey values (False, None, 0, and ""). Use `filter()` to filter out falsey values (False, None, 0, and "").
```python ```python
def compact(arr): def compact(arr):
return list(filter(lambda x: bool(x), arr)) return list(filter(lambda x: bool(x), arr))
``` ```
``` python ``` python
compact([0, 1, False, 2, '', 3, 'a', 's', 34]) # [ 1, 2, 3, 'a', 's', 34 ] compact([0, 1, False, 2, '', 3, 'a', 's', 34]) # [ 1, 2, 3, 'a', 's', 34 ]
``` ```

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### count_by ### count_by
:information_source: Already implemented via `collections.Counter` :information_source: Already implemented via `collections.Counter`
Groups the elements of a list based on the given function and returns the count of elements in each group. Groups the elements of a list based on the given function and returns the count of elements in each group.
Use `map()` to map the values of the list using the given function. Iterate over the map and increase the the elements count each time it occurs. Use `map()` to map the values of the list using the given function. Iterate over the map and increase the the elements count each time it occurs.
```python ```python
def count_by(arr, fn=lambda x: x): def count_by(arr, fn=lambda x: x):
key = {} key = {}
for el in map(fn, arr): for el in map(fn, arr):
key[el] = 0 if not el in key else key[el] key[el] = 0 if not el in key else key[el]
key[el] += 1 key[el] += 1
return key return key
``` ```
``` python ``` python
from math import floor from math import floor
count_by([6.1, 4.2, 6.3], floor) # {4: 1, 6: 2} count_by([6.1, 4.2, 6.3], floor) # {4: 1, 6: 2}
count_by(['one', 'two', 'three'], len) # {3: 2, 5: 1} count_by(['one', 'two', 'three'], len) # {3: 2, 5: 1}
``` ```

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### count_occurences ### count_occurences
:information_source: Already implemented via `list.count()`. :information_source: Already implemented via `list.count()`.
Counts the occurrences of a value in an list. Counts the occurrences of a value in an list.
Uses the `reduce` functin from built-in module `functools` to increment a counter each time you encounter the specific value inside the list. Uses the `reduce` functin from built-in module `functools` to increment a counter each time you encounter the specific value inside the list.
```python ```python
def count_occurences(arr, val): def count_occurences(arr, val):
return reduce( return reduce(
(lambda x, y: x + 1 if y == val and type(y) == type(val) else x + 0), (lambda x, y: x + 1 if y == val and type(y) == type(val) else x + 0),
arr) arr)
``` ```
```python ```python
count_occurrences([1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3], 1) # 3 count_occurrences([1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3], 1) # 3
``` ```

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### count_vowels ### count_vowels
Retuns `number` of vowels in provided `string`. Retuns `number` of vowels in provided `string`.
Use a regular expression to count the number of vowels `(A, E, I, O, U)` in a string. Use a regular expression to count the number of vowels `(A, E, I, O, U)` in a string.
```python ```python
import re import re
def count_vowels(str): def count_vowels(str):
return len(len(re.findall(r'[aeiou]', str, re.IGNORECASE))) return len(len(re.findall(r'[aeiou]', str, re.IGNORECASE)))
``` ```
``` python ``` python
count_vowels('foobar') # 3 count_vowels('foobar') # 3
count_vowels('gym') # 0 count_vowels('gym') # 0
``` ```

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### decapitalize ### decapitalize
Decapitalizes the first letter of a string. Decapitalizes the first letter of a string.
Decapitalizes the fist letter of the sring and then adds it with rest of the string. Omit the `upper_rest` parameter to keep the rest of the string intact, or set it to `true` to convert to uppercase. Decapitalizes the fist letter of the sring and then adds it with rest of the string. Omit the `upper_rest` parameter to keep the rest of the string intact, or set it to `true` to convert to uppercase.
```python ```python
def decapitalize(string, upper_rest=False): def decapitalize(string, upper_rest=False):
return str[:1].lower() + (str[1:].upper() if upper_rest else str[1:]) return str[:1].lower() + (str[1:].upper() if upper_rest else str[1:])
``` ```
```python ```python
decapitalize('FooBar') # 'fooBar' decapitalize('FooBar') # 'fooBar'
decapitalize('FooBar', True) # 'fOOBAR' decapitalize('FooBar', True) # 'fOOBAR'
``` ```

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### deep_flatten ### deep_flatten
Deep flattens a list. Deep flattens a list.
Use recursion. Use `list.extend()` with an empty array (`result`) and the spread function to flatten a list. Recursively flatten each element that is a list. Use recursion. Use `list.extend()` with an empty array (`result`) and the spread function to flatten a list. Recursively flatten each element that is a list.
```python ```python
def spread(arg): def spread(arg):
ret = [] ret = []
for i in arg: for i in arg:
if isinstance(i, list): if isinstance(i, list):
ret.extend(i) ret.extend(i)
else: else:
ret.append(i) ret.append(i)
return ret return ret
def deep_flatten(arr): def deep_flatten(arr):
result = [] result = []
result.extend( result.extend(
spread(list(map(lambda x: deep(x) if type(x) == list else x, arr)))) spread(list(map(lambda x: deep(x) if type(x) == list else x, arr))))
return result return result
``` ```
```python ```python
deep_flatten([1, [2], [[3], 4], 5]) # [1,2,3,4,5] deep_flatten([1, [2], [[3], 4], 5]) # [1,2,3,4,5]
``` ```

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### difference ### difference
Returns the difference between two arrays. Returns the difference between two arrays.
Create a `set` from `b`, then use list comprehension to only keep values not contained in `b` Create a `set` from `b`, then use list comprehension to only keep values not contained in `b`
```python ```python
def difference(a, b): def difference(a, b):
b = set(b) b = set(b)
return [item for item in a if item not in b] return [item for item in a if item not in b]
``` ```
``` python ``` python
difference([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 4]) # [3] difference([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 4]) # [3]
``` ```

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### difference_by ### difference_by
Returns the difference between two list, after applying the provided function to each list element of both. Returns the difference between two list, after applying the provided function to each list element of both.
Create a `set` by applying `fn` to each element in `b`, then use list comprehension in combination with fn on a to only keep values not contained in the previously created `set`. Create a `set` by applying `fn` to each element in `b`, then use list comprehension in combination with fn on a to only keep values not contained in the previously created `set`.
```python ```python
def difference_by(a, b, fn): def difference_by(a, b, fn):
b = set(map(fn, b)) b = set(map(fn, b))
return [item for item in a if fn(item) not in b] return [item for item in a if fn(item) not in b]
``` ```
```python ```python
from math import floor from math import floor
difference_by([2.1, 1.2], [2.3, 3.4],floor) # [1.2] difference_by([2.1, 1.2], [2.3, 3.4],floor) # [1.2]
difference_by([{ 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], [{ 'x': 1 }], lambda v : v['x']) # [ { x: 2 } ] difference_by([{ 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], [{ 'x': 1 }], lambda v : v['x']) # [ { x: 2 } ]
``` ```

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### factorial ### factorial
Calculates the factorial of a number. Calculates the factorial of a number.
Use recursion. If `num` is less than or equal to `1`, return `1`. Otherwise, return the product of `num` and the factorial of `num - 1`. Throws an exception if `num` is a negative or a floating point number. Use recursion. If `num` is less than or equal to `1`, return `1`. Otherwise, return the product of `num` and the factorial of `num - 1`. Throws an exception if `num` is a negative or a floating point number.
```python ```python
def factorial(num): def factorial(num):
if not ((num >= 0) & (num % 1 == 0)): if not ((num >= 0) & (num % 1 == 0)):
raise Exception( raise Exception(
f"Number( {num} ) can't be floating point or negative ") f"Number( {num} ) can't be floating point or negative ")
return 1 if num == 0 else num * factorial(num - 1) return 1 if num == 0 else num * factorial(num - 1)
``` ```
``` python ``` python
factorial(6) # 720 factorial(6) # 720
``` ```

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### gcd ### gcd
:information_source: `math.gcd` works with only two numbers :information_source: `math.gcd` works with only two numbers
Calculates the greatest common divisor between two or more numbers/lists. Calculates the greatest common divisor between two or more numbers/lists.
The `helperGcdfunction` uses recursion. Base case is when `y` equals `0`. In this case, return `x`. Otherwise, return the GCD of `y` and the remainder of the division `x/y`. The `helperGcdfunction` uses recursion. Base case is when `y` equals `0`. In this case, return `x`. Otherwise, return the GCD of `y` and the remainder of the division `x/y`.
Uses the reduce function from the inbuilt module `functools`. Also defines a method `spread` for javascript like spreading of lists. Uses the reduce function from the inbuilt module `functools`. Also defines a method `spread` for javascript like spreading of lists.
```python ```python
from functools import reduce from functools import reduce
def spread(arg): def spread(arg):
ret = [] ret = []
for i in arg: for i in arg:
if isinstance(i, list): if isinstance(i, list):
ret.extend(i) ret.extend(i)
else: else:
ret.append(i) ret.append(i)
return ret return ret
def gcd(*args): def gcd(*args):
numbers = [] numbers = []
numbers.extend(spread(list(args))) numbers.extend(spread(list(args)))
def _gcd(x, y): def _gcd(x, y):
return x if not y else gcd(y, x % y) return x if not y else gcd(y, x % y)
return reduce((lambda x, y: _gcd(x, y)), numbers) return reduce((lambda x, y: _gcd(x, y)), numbers)
``` ```
``` python ``` python
gcd(8,36) # 4 gcd(8,36) # 4
``` ```

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for i in range(1, len(arr)): for i in range(1, len(arr)):
key = arr[i] key = arr[i]
j = i-1 j = i - 1
while j>=0 and key < arr[j]: while j >= 0 and key < arr[j]:
arr[j+1] = arr[j] arr[j + 1] = arr[j]
j -= 1 j -= 1
arr[j+1] = key arr[j + 1] = key
``` ```
```python ```python

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### is_lower_case ### is_lower_case
Checks if a string is lower case. Checks if a string is lower case.
Convert the given string to lower case, using `str.lower()` method and compare it to the original. Convert the given string to lower case, using `str.lower()` method and compare it to the original.
```python ```python
def is_lower_case(str): def is_lower_case(str):
return str == str.lower() return str == str.lower()
``` ```
```python ```python
is_lower_case('abc') # True is_lower_case('abc') # True
is_lower_case('a3@$') # True is_lower_case('a3@$') # True
is_lower_case('Ab4') # False is_lower_case('Ab4') # False
``` ```

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### is_upper_case ### is_upper_case
Checks if a string is upper case. Checks if a string is upper case.
Convert the given string to upper case, using `str.upper()` method and compare it to the original. Convert the given string to upper case, using `str.upper()` method and compare it to the original.
```python ```python
def is_upper_case(str): def is_upper_case(str):
return str == str.upper() return str == str.upper()
``` ```
```python ```python
is_upper_case('ABC') # True is_upper_case('ABC') # True
is_upper_case('a3@$') # True is_upper_case('a3@$') # True
is_upper_case('aB4') # False is_upper_case('aB4') # False
``` ```

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### lcm ### lcm
Returns the least common multiple of two or more numbers. Returns the least common multiple of two or more numbers.
Use the `greatest common divisor (GCD)` formula and the fact that `lcm(x,y) = x * y / gcd(x,y)` to determine the least common multiple. The GCD formula uses recursion. Use the `greatest common divisor (GCD)` formula and the fact that `lcm(x,y) = x * y / gcd(x,y)` to determine the least common multiple. The GCD formula uses recursion.
Uses `reduce` function from the inbuilt module `functools`. Also defines a method `spread` for javascript like spreading of lists. Uses `reduce` function from the inbuilt module `functools`. Also defines a method `spread` for javascript like spreading of lists.
```python ```python
from functools import reduce from functools import reduce
def spread(arg): def spread(arg):
ret = [] ret = []
for i in arg: for i in arg:
if isinstance(i, list): if isinstance(i, list):
ret.extend(i) ret.extend(i)
else: else:
ret.append(i) ret.append(i)
return ret return ret
def lcm(*args): def lcm(*args):
numbers = [] numbers = []
numbers.extend(spread(list(args))) numbers.extend(spread(list(args)))
def _gcd(x, y): def _gcd(x, y):
return x if not y else gcd(y, x % y) return x if not y else gcd(y, x % y)
def _lcm(x, y): def _lcm(x, y):
return x * y / _gcd(x, y) return x * y / _gcd(x, y)
return reduce((lambda x, y: _lcm(x, y)), numbers) return reduce((lambda x, y: _lcm(x, y)), numbers)
``` ```
``` python ``` python
lcm(12, 7) # 84 lcm(12, 7) # 84
lcm([1, 3, 4], 5) # 60 lcm([1, 3, 4], 5) # 60
``` ```

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### max_n ### max_n
Returns the `n` maximum elements from the provided list. If `n` is greater than or equal to the provided list's length, then return the original list(sorted in descending order). Returns the `n` maximum elements from the provided list. If `n` is greater than or equal to the provided list's length, then return the original list(sorted in descending order).
Use `list.sort()` combined with the `deepcopy` function from the inbuilt `copy` module to create a shallow clone of the list and sort it in ascending order and then use `list.reverse()` reverse it to make it descending order. Use `[:n]` to get the specified number of elements. Omit the second argument, `n`, to get a one-element array Use `list.sort()` combined with the `deepcopy` function from the inbuilt `copy` module to create a shallow clone of the list and sort it in ascending order and then use `list.reverse()` reverse it to make it descending order. Use `[:n]` to get the specified number of elements. Omit the second argument, `n`, to get a one-element array
```python ```python
from copy import deepcopy from copy import deepcopy
def max_n(arr, n=1): def max_n(arr, n=1):
numbers = deepcopy(arr) numbers = deepcopy(arr)
numbers.sort() numbers.sort()
numbers.reverse() numbers.reverse()
return numbers[:n] return numbers[:n]
``` ```
```python ```python
max_n([1, 2, 3]) # [3] max_n([1, 2, 3]) # [3]
max_n([1, 2, 3], 2) # [3,2] max_n([1, 2, 3], 2) # [3,2]
``` ```

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### min_n ### min_n
Returns the `n` minimum elements from the provided list. If `n` is greater than or equal to the provided list's length, then return the original list(sorted in ascending order). Returns the `n` minimum elements from the provided list. If `n` is greater than or equal to the provided list's length, then return the original list(sorted in ascending order).
Use `list.sort()` combined with the `deepcopy` function from the inbuilt `copy` module to create a shallow clone of the list and sort it in ascending order. Use `[:n]` to get the specified number of elements. Omit the second argument, `n`, to get a one-element array Use `list.sort()` combined with the `deepcopy` function from the inbuilt `copy` module to create a shallow clone of the list and sort it in ascending order. Use `[:n]` to get the specified number of elements. Omit the second argument, `n`, to get a one-element array
```python ```python
from copy import deepcopy from copy import deepcopy
def min_n(arr, n=1): def min_n(arr, n=1):
numbers = deepcopy(arr) numbers = deepcopy(arr)
numbers.sort() numbers.sort()
return numbers[:n] return numbers[:n]
``` ```
```python ```python
min_n([1, 2, 3]) # [1] min_n([1, 2, 3]) # [1]
min_n([1, 2, 3], 2) # [1,2] min_n([1, 2, 3], 2) # [1,2]
``` ```

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### palindrome ### palindrome
Returns `True` if the given string is a palindrome, `False` otherwise. Returns `True` if the given string is a palindrome, `False` otherwise.
Convert string `str.lower()` and use `re.sub` to remove non-alphanumeric characters from it. Then compare the new string to the reversed. Convert string `str.lower()` and use `re.sub` to remove non-alphanumeric characters from it. Then compare the new string to the reversed.
```python ```python
def palindrome(string): def palindrome(string):
from re import sub from re import sub
s = sub('[\W_]', '', string.lower()) s = sub('[\W_]', '', string.lower())
return s == s[::-1] return s == s[::-1]
``` ```
```python ```python
palindrome('taco cat') # True palindrome('taco cat') # True
``` ```

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### shuffle ### shuffle
:information_source: The same algorithm is already implemented via `random.shuffle`. :information_source: The same algorithm is already implemented via `random.shuffle`.
Randomizes the order of the values of an list, returning a new list. Randomizes the order of the values of an list, returning a new list.
Uses the [Fisher-Yates algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher%E2%80%93Yates_shuffle) to reorder the elements of the list. Uses the [Fisher-Yates algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher%E2%80%93Yates_shuffle) to reorder the elements of the list.
```python ```python
from copy import deepcopy from copy import deepcopy
from random import randint from random import randint
def shuffle(arr): def shuffle(arr):
temp_arr = deepcopy(arr) temp_arr = deepcopy(arr)
m = len(temp_arr) m = len(temp_arr)
while (m): while (m):
m -= 1 m -= 1
i = randint(0, m) i = randint(0, m)
temp_arr[m], temp_arr[i] = temp_arr[i], temp_arr[m] temp_arr[m], temp_arr[i] = temp_arr[i], temp_arr[m]
return temp_arr return temp_arr
``` ```
``` python ``` python
foo = [1,2,3] foo = [1,2,3]
shuffle(foo) # [2,3,1] , foo = [1,2,3] shuffle(foo) # [2,3,1] , foo = [1,2,3]
``` ```

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### spread ### spread
Implements javascript's `[].concat(...arr)`. Flattens the list(non-deep) and returns an list. Implements javascript's `[].concat(...arr)`. Flattens the list(non-deep) and returns an list.
```python ```python
def spread(arg): def spread(arg):
ret = [] ret = []
for i in arg: for i in arg:
if isinstance(i, list): if isinstance(i, list):
ret.extend(i) ret.extend(i)
else: else:
ret.append(i) ret.append(i)
return ret return ret
``` ```
```python ```python
spread([1,2,3,[4,5,6],[7],8,9]) # [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] spread([1,2,3,[4,5,6],[7],8,9]) # [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
``` ```

46
snippets/zip.md
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@ -1,24 +1,24 @@
### zip ### zip
:information_source: Already implemented via `itertools.zip_longest()` :information_source: Already implemented via `itertools.zip_longest()`
Creates a list of elements, grouped based on the position in the original lists. Creates a list of elements, grouped based on the position in the original lists.
Use `max` combined with `list comprehension` to get the length of the longest list in the arguments. Loops for `max_length` times grouping elements. If lengths of `lists` vary `fill_value` is used. By default `fill_value` is `None`. Use `max` combined with `list comprehension` to get the length of the longest list in the arguments. Loops for `max_length` times grouping elements. If lengths of `lists` vary `fill_value` is used. By default `fill_value` is `None`.
```python ```python
def zip(*args, fillvalue=None): def zip(*args, fillvalue=None):
max_length = max([len(arr) for arr in args]) max_length = max([len(arr) for arr in args])
result = [] result = []
for i in range(max_length): for i in range(max_length):
result.append([ result.append([
args[k][i] if i < len(args[k]) else None for k in range(len(args)) args[k][i] if i < len(args[k]) else None for k in range(len(args))
]) ])
return result return result
``` ```
``` python ``` python
zip(['a', 'b'], [1, 2], [True, False]) # [['a', 1, True], ['b', 2, False]] zip(['a', 'b'], [1, 2], [True, False]) # [['a', 1, True], ['b', 2, False]]
zip(['a'], [1, 2], [True, False]) # [['a', 1, True], [None, 2, False]] zip(['a'], [1, 2], [True, False]) # [['a', 1, True], [None, 2, False]]
zip(['a'], [1, 2], [True, False], fill_value = '_') # [['a', 1, True], ['_', 2, False]] zip(['a'], [1, 2], [True, False], fill_value = '_') # [['a', 1, True], ['_', 2, False]]
``` ```

2
tag_database
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@ -22,4 +22,4 @@ is_upper_case:string
is_lower_case:string is_lower_case:string
count_by:list count_by:list
difference_by:list difference_by:list
insertion_sort:list insertion_sort:list