Travis build: 261
This commit is contained in:
30secondsofcode
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## Table of Contents
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* [`Argument`](#argument)
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* [`Array`](#array)
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* [`Boolean`](#boolean)
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* [`Callback`](#callback)
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* [`Constant`](#constant)
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* [`Cross-site scripting (XSS)`](#cross-site-scripting-xss)
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* [`Currying`](#currying)
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* [`DNS`](#dns)
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* [`DOM`](#dom)
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* [`Domain name`](#domain-name)
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* [`Element`](#element)
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* [`ES6`](#es6)
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* [`Event loop`](#event-loop)
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* [`Express`](#express)
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* [`Function`](#function)
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* [`Functional programming`](#functional-programming)
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* [`Functor`](#functor)
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* [`Git`](#git)
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* [`HTML`](#html)
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* [`HTTP and HTTPS`](#http-and-https)
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* [`IP`](#ip)
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* [`JSON`](#json)
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* [`Npm`](#npm)
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* [`Object-oriented programming`](#object-oriented-programming)
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* [`Promise`](#promise)
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* [`React`](#react)
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* [`Recursion`](#recursion)
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* [`Regular expressions`](#regular-expressions)
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* [`Repository`](#repository)
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* [`Selector`](#selector)
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* [`String`](#string)
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* [`Template literals`](#template-literals)
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* [`Value vs reference`](#value-vs-reference)
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* [`Variable`](#variable)
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* [`Yarn`](#yarn)
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### Argument
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An argument is a value passed as an input to a function and can be either a primitive or an object.
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In JavaScript, functions can also be passed as arguments to other functions.
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### Array
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Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable.
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@ -42,6 +60,11 @@ They represent logical data values and can only be `true` or `false`.
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A callback function, also known as a high-order function, is a function that is passed into another function as an argument, which is then executed inside the outer function.
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Callbacks can be synchronous or asynchronous.
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### Constant
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A constant is a value, associated with an identifier.
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The value of a constant can be accessed using the identifier and cannot be altered during execution.
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### Cross-site scripting (XSS)
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XSS refers to client-side code injection where the attacker injects malicious scripts into a legitimate website or web application.
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@ -72,12 +95,28 @@ A domain name consists of a hierarchical sequence of names, separated by dots an
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A JavaScript representation of a DOM element commonly returned by `document.querySelector()` and `document.createElement()`.
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They are used when creating content with JavaScript for display in the DOM that needs to be programatically generated.
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### ES6
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ES6 stands for ECMAScript 6 (also known as ECMAScript 2015), a version of the ECMAScript specification that standardizes JavaScript.
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ES6 adds a wide variety of new features to the specification, such as classes, promises, generators and arrow functions.
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### Event loop
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The event loop handles all asynchronous callbacks.
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Callbacks are queued in a loop, while other code runs, and will run one by one when the response for each one has been received.
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The event loop allows JavaScript to perform non-blocking I/O operations, despite the fact that JavaScript is single-threaded.
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### Express
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Express is a backend framework, that provides a layer of fundamental web application features for Node.js.
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Some of its key features are routing, middleware, template engines and error handling.
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### Function
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Functions are self-contained blocks of code with their own scope, that can be called by other code and are usually associated with a unique identifier.
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Functions accept input in the form of arguments and can optionally return an output (if no `return` statement is present, the default value of `undefined` will be returned instead).
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JavaScript functions are also objects.
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### Functional programming
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Functional programming is a paradigm in which programs are built in a declarative manner using pure functions that avoid shared state and mutable data.
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@ -89,16 +128,36 @@ A Functor is a data type common in functional programming that implements a `map
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The `map` method takes a function and applies it to the data in the Functor, returning a new instance of the Functor with the result.
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JavaScript `Array`s are an example of the Functor data type.
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### Git
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Git is an open-source version control system, used for source code management.
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Git allows users to copy (clone) and edit code on their local machines, before merging it into the main code base (master repository).
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### HTML
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HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language and is a language used to structure web pages.
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HTML documents are plaintext documents structured with elements, which are surrounded by `<>` tags and optionally extended with attributes.
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### HTTP and HTTPS
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The HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the underlying network protocol that enables transfer of hypermedia documents on the Web, usually between a client and a server.
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The HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is an encrypted version of the HTTP protocol, that uses SSL to encrypt all data transfered between a client and a server.
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### IP
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An IP address is a number assigned to a device connected to a network that uses the Internet protocol.
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Two IP versions are currently in use - IPv4, the older version of the communication protocol (e.g. 192.168.1.100) and IPv6, the newest version of the communication protocol which allows for many different IP addresses (e.g. 0:0:0:0:ffff:c0a8:164).
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### JSON
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JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a format for storing and exchanging data.
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It closely resembles the JavaScript object syntax, however some data types, such as dates and functions, cannot be natively represented and need to be serialized first.
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### Npm
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Npm is a package manager for the JavaScript programming language and the default package manager for Node.js.
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It consists of a command-line client and the npm registry, an online database of packages.
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### Object-oriented programming
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Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which may contain both data and procedures which can be use to operate on them.
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@ -109,6 +168,11 @@ JavaScript supports Object-oriented programming both via prototypes and classes.
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The Promise object represents the eventual completion (or failure) of an asynchronous operation, and its resulting value.
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A Promise can be in one of these states: pending(initial state, neither fulfilled nor rejected), fulfilled(operation completed successfully), rejected(operation failed).
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### React
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React is a frontend framework, that allows developers to create dynamic, component-based user interfaces.
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React separates view and state, utilizing a virtual DOM to update the user interface.
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### Recursion
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Recursion is the repeated application of a process.
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@ -121,6 +185,10 @@ Recursion is very useful when working with nested data, especially when the nest
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Regular expressions (known as regex or regexp) are patterns used to match character combinations in strings.
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JavaScript provides a regular expression implementation through the `RegExp` object.
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### Repository
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In a version control system, a repository (or repo for short) is a data structure that stores metadata for a set of files (i.e. a project).
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### Selector
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A CSS selector is a pattern that is used to select and/or style one or more elements in a document, based on certain rules.
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@ -141,3 +209,13 @@ They support multi-line strings, expression interpolation and nesting.
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When passing a variable by value, a copy of the variable is made, meaning that any changes made to the contents of the variable will not be reflected in the original variable.
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When passing a variable by reference, the memory address of the actual variable is passed to the function or variable, meaning that modifying the variable's contents will be reflected in the original variable.
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In JavaScript primitive data types are passed by value while objects are passed by reference.
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### Variable
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A variable is a storage location, associated with an identifier and containing a value.
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The value of a variable can be referred using the identifier and can be altered during execution.
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### Yarn
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Yarn is a package manager made by Facebook.
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It can be used as an alternative to the npm package manager and is compatible with the public NPM registry.
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@ -1,24 +1,37 @@
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argument
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array
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boolean
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callback
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constant
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cross-site-scripting-xss
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currying
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dns
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dom
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domain-name
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element
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es6
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event-loop
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express
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function
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functional-programming
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functor
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git
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html
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http-and-https
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ip
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json
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keyword_database
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npm
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object-oriented-programming
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promise
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react
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readme
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recursion
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regular-expressions
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repository
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selector
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string
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template-literals
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value-vs-reference
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variable
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yarn
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