428 lines
9.2 KiB
Markdown
428 lines
9.2 KiB
Markdown
# 安装 Kubernetes 单Master节点
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对于 Kubernetes 初学者，推荐的在阿里云采购如下配置：
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* 3台 2核4G 的ECS（突发性能实例 t5 ecs.t5-c1m2.large或同等配置，单台约 0.4元/小时，停机时不收费）
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* Cent OS 7.6
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[领取阿里云最高2000元红包](https://promotion.aliyun.com/ntms/yunparter/invite.html?userCode=obezo3pg)
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Kuboard 的 Live Demo 环境使用的是如下拓扑结构，本文档描述了如何在完成该 demo 环境的搭建。
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完成安装后，对应的软件版本为：
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* Kubernetes v1.15.0
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* Docker 18.09.7
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## 制作标准机镜像
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通过使用标准机镜像，可以
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- **避免重复执行对测试机安装必要软件的过程**
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- **以一种相对标准化的过程管理测试机的维护**
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标准机镜像中预装了如下内容：
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- docker
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- nfs-utils
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- kubernetes images
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::: tip
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* 您也可以不制作标准机镜像，而是在三台机器上都执行 ***制作标准机镜像*** 中的所有操作步骤
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:::
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**标准机镜像的制作过程描述如下：**
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### 安装docker
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**卸载旧版本**
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```bash
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sudo yum remove docker \
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docker-client \
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docker-client-latest \
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docker-common \
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docker-latest \
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docker-latest-logrotate \
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docker-logrotate \
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docker-selinux \
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docker-engine-selinux \
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docker-engine
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```
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**下载依赖包及安装包**
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```bash
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wget https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/containerd.io-1.2.6-3.3.el7.x86_64.rpm
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wget https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/docker-ce-cli-18.09.7-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
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wget https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/docker-ce-18.09.7-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
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```
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**安装**
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```bash
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sudo yum install -y containerd.io-1.2.6-3.3.el7.x86_64.rpm
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sudo yum install -y docker-ce-cli-18.09.7-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
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sudo yum install -y docker-ce-18.09.7-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
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sudo systemctl enable docker
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```
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**启动 docker 服务**
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```bash
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sudo systemctl start docker
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```
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**检查 docker 版本**
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```bash
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docker version
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```
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> **参考文档**
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>
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> https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/centos/
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>
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> https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/linux-postinstall/
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### 安装 nfs-utils
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**执行安装命令**
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```bash
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sudo yum install -y nfs-utils
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```
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必须先安装 nfs-utils 才能挂载 nfs 网络存储
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### K8S基本配置
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**配置K8S的yum源**
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```bash
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cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
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[kubernetes]
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name=Kubernetes
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baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
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enabled=1
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gpgcheck=0
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repo_gpgcheck=0
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gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
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http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
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EOF
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```
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**关闭swap/SeLinux**
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```bash
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swapoff -a
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setenforce 0
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```
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**修改 /etc/sysctl.conf**
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```
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vim /etc/sysctl.conf
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```
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向其中添加
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```
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net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
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net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
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net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
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```
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如下图所示
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**安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl**
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```bash
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yum install -y kubelet-1.15.0 kubeadm-1.15.0 kubectl-1.15.0
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```
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**修改docker Cgroup Driver为systemd**
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```
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vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
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```
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向其中他添加
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```
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--exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd
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```
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如下图所示
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重启 docker
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```
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systemctl daemon-reload
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systemctl restart docker
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```
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**启动kubelet**
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```bash
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systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
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```
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**加载 kubernetes 镜像**
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由于k8s服务相关镜像在国外镜像源，国内无法访问
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执行以下命令添加docker k8s国内镜像源
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```bash
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curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io
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systemctl restart docker
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```
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**拉取k8s相关镜像**
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```bash
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docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-apiserver:v1.15.0
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docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-controller-manager:v1.15.0
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docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-scheduler:v1.15.0
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docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy:v1.15.0
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docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/pause:3.1
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docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/etcd:3.3.10
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docker pull coredns/coredns:1.3.1
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```
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**更改镜像名为k8s官网镜像**
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```bash
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docker tag d235b23c3570 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.15.0
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docker tag 201c7a840312 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.15.0
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docker tag 2d3813851e87 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.15.0
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docker tag 8328bb49b652 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.15.0
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docker tag da86e6ba6ca1 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
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docker tag eb516548c180 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.3.1
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docker tag 2c4adeb21b4f k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.3.10
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```
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**制作镜像**
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请参考阿里云基于ECS [制作虚拟机镜像](https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/35109.html?spm=5176.2020520101.0.0.75fc4df5mtdFmV) 的文档
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## 初始化 master 节点
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::: tip
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以 root 身份在 demo-master-a-1 机器上执行
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:::
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**配置 apiserver.demo 的域名**
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```bash
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echo "x.x.x.x apiserver.demo" >> /etc/hosts
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```
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::: warning
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请替换其中的 x.x.x.x 为您的 demo-master-a-1 的实际 ip 地址
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:::
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**创建 /root/k8s/kubeadm-config.yaml**
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```yaml
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apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
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kind: ClusterConfiguration
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kubernetesVersion: v1.15.0
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controlPlaneEndpoint: "apiserver.demo:6443"
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```
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**初始化 apiserver**
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```bash
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kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs
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```
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执行结果如下图所示：
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**初始化 root 用户的 kubectl 配置**
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```bash
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rm -rf /root/.kube/
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mkdir /root/.kube/
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cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /root/.kube/config
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```
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**安装 calico**
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```bash
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kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.6/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/hosted/kubernetes-datastore/calico-networking/1.7/calico.yaml
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```
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> 安装calico， 请参考https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.6/getting-started/kubernetes/
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**等待calico安装就绪：**
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执行如下命令，等待 3-10 分钟，直到所有的容器组处于 Running 状态
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```bash
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watch kubectl get pod -n kube-system
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```
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**检查 master 初始化结果**
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在 master 节点 demo-master-a-1 上执行
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```bash
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kubectl get nodes
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```
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## 初始化 worker节点
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### 获得 join命令参数
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**在 master 节点 demo-master-a-1 节点执行**
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```bash
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kubeadm token create --print-join-command
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```
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可获取kubeadm join 命令及参数，如下所示
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```bash
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kubeadm join apiserver.demo:6443 --token mpfjma.4vjjg8flqihor4vt --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6f7a8e40a810323672de5eee6f4d19aa2dbdb38411845a1bf5dd63485c43d303
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```
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### 初始化worker
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**针对所有的 worker 节点执行**
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```bash
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echo "x.x.x.x apiserver.demo" >> /etc/hosts
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kubeadm join apiserver.demo:6443 --token mpfjma.4vjjg8flqihor4vt --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6f7a8e40a810323672de5eee6f4d19aa2dbdb38411845a1bf5dd63485c43d303
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```
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::: tip
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* 将 x.x.x.x 替换为 demo-master-a-1 的实际 ip
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* 将 kubeadm join 命令后的参数替换为上一个步骤中实际从 demo-master-a-1 节点获得的参数
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:::
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### 检查初始化结果
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在 master 节点 demo-master-a-1 上执行
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```bash
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kubectl get nodes
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```
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## 移除 worker 节点
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::: warning
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正常情况下，您无需移除 worker 节点，如果添加到集群出错，您可以移除 worker 节点，再重新尝试添加
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:::
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在准备移除的 worker 节点上执行
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```bash
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kubeadm reset
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```
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在 master 节点 demo-master-a-1 上执行
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```bash
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kubectl delete node demo-worker-x-x
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```
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::: tip
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* 将 demo-worker-x-x 替换为要移除的 worker 节点的名字
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* worker 节点的名字可以通过在节点 demo-master-a-1 上执行 kubectl get nodes 命令获得
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:::
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## 安装 Ingress Controller
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> Ingress官方文档：https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/
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>
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> Ingress Controllers官网介绍：https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress-controllers/
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>
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> 本文中使用如下部署方式：https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/deploy/baremetal/#using-a-self-provisioned-edge
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>
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> kubernetes支持多种Ingress Controllers，本文推荐使用 https://github.com/nginxinc/kubernetes-ingress
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**在 demo-master-a-1 上执行**
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```bash
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kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/eip-work/eip-monitor-repository/master/dashboard/nginx-ingress.yaml
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```
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**配置域名解析**
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将域名 *.demo.yourdomain.com 解析到 demo-worker-a-2 的 IP 地址 z.z.z.z （也可以是 demo-worker-a-1 的地址 y.y.y.y）
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::: tip
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由于需要申请域名，过程会比较繁琐，有如下两种替代方案：
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* 在您的客户端机器（访问部署在K8S上的 web 应用的浏览器所在的机器）设置 hosts 配置；
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* 暂时放弃域名的配置，临时使用 NodePort 或者 `kubectl port-forward` 的方式访问部署在 K8S 上的 web 应用
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:::
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**验证配置**
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在浏览器访问 a.demo.yourdomain.com，将得到 404 NotFound 错误页面
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## 下一步
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:tada: :tada: :tada:
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您已经完成了 Kubernetes 集群的安装，下一步请：
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[安装 Kuboard](/install/install-dashboard)
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