242 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
242 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
---
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vssueId: 18
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titlePrefix: 从客户端电脑远程管理Kubernetes
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description: Kubernete安装文档_日常工作中您可能需要在自己的笔记本电脑上执行kubectl命令以管理远程Linux服务器上的Kubernetes集群_本文档介绍了如何在您的笔记本电脑上安装和配置kubectl工具
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meta:
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- name: keywords
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content: kubectl,kubectl安装,远程管理Kubernetes,远程管理K8S
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---
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# 安装Kubectl
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<AdSenseTitle/>
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日常工作中，您可能需要在自己的笔记本电脑上执行 kubectl 命令以管理远程 Linux 服务器上的 Kubernetes 集群。
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::: tip
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从客户端电脑使用 kubectl 远程管理 Kubernetes，这个步骤并不是使用 Kuboard 的必要步骤。<span style="color: red; font-weight: 500;">可以忽略</span>
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:::
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## 在客户端电脑安装 kubectl
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Kubernetes 文档参照 [安装 kubectl](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/) 安装时，经常会失败，因为国内访问 google 的镜像仓库存在问题。
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请参考下述内容，完成 kubectl 的安装
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<b-card>
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<b-tabs content-class="mt-3">
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<b-tab title="Linux" active>
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**配置K8S的yum源**
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```bash
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cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
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[kubernetes]
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name=Kubernetes
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baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
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enabled=1
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gpgcheck=0
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repo_gpgcheck=0
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gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
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http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
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EOF
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```
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**安装kubectl**
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```bash
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yum install -y kubectl
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```
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**验证安装**
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```bash
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kubectl version
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```
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</b-tab>
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<b-tab title="Windows">
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* 从下面的链接下载 kubectl 可执行文件
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`
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https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.16.2/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe
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`
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> * 请将其中的 v1.16.2 替换为最新的版本号
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> * 通过此链接可获取最新的版本号 `https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt`
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* 将下载的可执行文件添加到 PATH 环境变量
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* 执行命令查看已安装的 kubectl 版本号
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```
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kubectl version
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```
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</b-tab>
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<b-tab title="MAC">
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* 下载最新的可执行文件
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```sh
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curl -LO "https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/$(curl -s https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl"
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```
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* 添加可执行权限
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```sh
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chmod +x ./kubectl
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```
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* 复制到 PATH 路径
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```sh
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sudo mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl
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```
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* 检查已安装版本
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``` sh
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kubectl version
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```
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</b-tab>
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</b-tabs>
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</b-card>
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## 获取 kubectl config 文件
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如果您参考 [安装 Kubernetes 单Master节点](install-k8s.html) 或 [安装 Kubernetes 高可用](install-kubernetes.html) 完成了 Kubernetes 安装，**请在 demo-master-a-1 节点上执行如下命令**
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```sh
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cat /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
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```
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输出内容如下所示：
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```yaml {5}
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apiVersion: v1
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clusters:
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- cluster:
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certificate-authority-data: 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server: https://apiserver.demo:6443
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name: kubernetes
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contexts:
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- context:
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cluster: kubernetes
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user: kubernetes-admin
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name: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
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current-context: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
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kind: Config
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preferences: {}
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users:
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- name: kubernetes-admin
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user:
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client-certificate-data: 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client-key-data: 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```
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## 配置 kubectl 客户端
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在客户端电脑完成如下配置，即可远程管理 Kubernetes 集群
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<b-card>
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<b-tabs content-class="mt-3">
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<b-tab title="Linux" active>
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**执行命令**
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```sh
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vi ~/.kube/config
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```
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将前面获得的 `/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf` 文件的内容粘贴进该文件并保存
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**配置 hosts**
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```sh
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echo "x.x.x.x apiserver.demo" >> /etc/hosts
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```
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> * 将 x.x.x.x 替换成 demo-master-a-1 的实际 IP 地址
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> * 将 apiserver.demo 替换成前面获得 `/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf` 文件中 `clusters/cluster/server` 中 URL 里 host 对应的部分
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**验证安装结果**
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执行命令
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```sh
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kubectl get nodes
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kubectl get pods -n kube-system
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```
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</b-tab>
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<b-tab title="Windows">
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**执行命令**
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用记事本（或其他文本编辑器）创建文件 `~/.kube/config`，其中 `~` 代表当前的用户目录
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将前面获得的 `/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf` 文件的内容粘贴进该文件并保存
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**配置 hosts**
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用记事本打开 C:\windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts 文件（需要管理员权限），在该文件末尾添加一行记录：
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```
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x.x.x.x apiserver.demo
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```
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> * 将 x.x.x.x 替换成 demo-master-a-1 的实际 IP 地址
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> * 将 apiserver.demo 替换成前面获得 `/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf` 文件中 `clusters/cluster/server` 中 URL 里 host 对应的部分
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**验证安装结果**
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执行命令
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|
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```sh
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kubectl get nodes
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kubectl get pods -n kube-system
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```
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</b-tab>
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<b-tab title="MAC">
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|
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**执行命令**
|
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|
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```sh
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vi ~/.kube/config
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```
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将前面获得的 `/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf` 文件的内容粘贴进该文件并保存
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|
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**配置 hosts**
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|
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```sh
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echo "x.x.x.x apiserver.demo" >> /etc/hosts
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```
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> * 将 x.x.x.x 替换成 demo-master-a-1 的实际 IP 地址
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> * 将 apiserver.demo 替换成前面获得 `/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf` 文件中 `clusters/cluster/server` 中 URL 里 host 对应的部分
|
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|
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**验证安装结果**
|
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执行命令
|
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|
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```sh
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kubectl get nodes
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kubectl get pods -n kube-system
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```
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</b-tab>
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</b-tabs>
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</b-card>
|
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## kubectl 参考文档推荐
|
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[https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/)
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