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2014-06-10 13:20:32 +08:00
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chapter1/01_swift.html
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<div class="book" data-level="1.1" data-basepath=".." data-revision="1402377045185">
<div class="book" data-level="1.1" data-basepath=".." data-revision="1402377602937">
<div class="book-header">
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<div class="page-inner">
<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_5">
<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_78">
<h1 id="-swift">关于 Swift</h1>
<p>Swift 是一种新的编程语言，用于编写 iOS 和 OS X 应用。Swift 结合了 C 和 Objective-C 的优点并且不受C的兼容性的限制。Swift 使用安全的编程模式并添加了很多新特性，这将使编程更简单，扩展性更强，也更有趣。除此之外，Swift 还支持人见人爱的 Cocoa 和 Cocoa Touch 框架。拥有了这些特性，Swift将重新定义软件开发。</p>

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<div class="page-inner">
<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_6">
<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_79">
<h1 id="swift-">Swift 初见</h1>
<p>本页内容包括：</p>

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<div class="page-inner">
<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_7">
<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_80">
<h1 id="-swift">欢迎使用 Swift</h1>
<p>在本章中您将了解 Swift 的特性和开发历史，并对 Swift 有一个初步的了解。</p>

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<div class="page-inner">
<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_9">
<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_82">
<h1 id="-">基础部分</h1>
<p>Swift 是 iOS 和 OS X 应用开发的一门新语言。然而，如果你有 C 或者 Objective-C 开发经验的话，你会发现 Swift 的很多内容都是你熟悉的。</p>

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chapter2/02_Basic_Operators.html
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<div class="page-inner">
<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_31">
<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_104">
<h1 id="-">基础运算符</h1>
<p>运算符是检查, 改变, 合并值的特殊符号或短语. 例如, 加号 <code>+</code> 把计算两个数的和(如 <code>let i = 1 + 2</code>). 复杂些的运行算包括逻辑与<code>&amp;&amp;</code>(如 <code>if enteredDoorCode &amp;&amp; passedRetinaScan</code>), 还有自增运算符 <code>++i</code> 这样让自身加一的便捷运算.</p>
@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ a = b
<pre><code class="lang-swift">let dog: Character = &quot;d&quot;
let cow: Character = &quot;c&quot;
let dogCow = dog + cow
// 译者注: 原谅的引号内是很可爱的小狗和小牛, 但win os下不支持表情字符, 所以改成了普通字符
// 译者注: 原来的引号内是很可爱的小狗和小牛, 但win os下不支持表情字符, 所以改成了普通字符
// dogCow 现在是 &quot;dc&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>详细请点击 <a href="http://#" target="_blank">字符,字符串的拼接</a>.</p>
@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ let dogCow = dog + cow
<p>注意</p>
<p>求余运算(%)在其他语言也叫取模运算. 然而严格说来, 我们看该运算符对负数的操作结果, <code>求余</code> 比 <code>取模</code> 更合适些.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>我们来谈谈取余是怎么回事, 计算 <code>9 % 4</code>, 你先计算出4的多少倍会刚好可以容入 <code>9</code> 中. </p>
<p>我们来谈谈取余是怎么回事, 计算 <code>9 % 4</code>, 你先计算出4的多少倍会刚好可以容入 <code>9</code> 中.</p>
<p>2倍, 非常好, 那余数是1 (用&#39;*&#39;标出)</p>
<table>
<tr>
@ -794,7 +794,7 @@ if hasHeader {
// rowHeight 现在是 90
</code></pre>
<p>第一段代码例子使用了三目条件运算, 所以一行代码就能让我们得到正确答案. 这比第二段代码简洁得多, 无需将 <code>rowHeight</code> 定义成变量, 因为它的值无需在 <code>if</code> 语句中改变.</p>
<p>三目条件运算提供有效率且便捷的方式来表达二选一的选择. 需要注意的事, 过度使用三目条件运算就会由简洁的代码变成难懂的代码. 我们应避免在一个组合语句使用多个三目条件运算符. </p>
<p>三目条件运算提供有效率且便捷的方式来表达二选一的选择. 需要注意的事, 过度使用三目条件运算就会由简洁的代码变成难懂的代码. 我们应避免在一个组合语句使用多个三目条件运算符.</p>
<h1 id="-">区间运算符</h1>
<p>Swift提供了两个方便表达一个区间的值的运算符.</p>
<h2 id="-">闭区间运算符</h2>
@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ if hasHeader {
// 4 * 5 = 20
// 5 * 5 = 25
</code></pre>
<p>关于 <code>for-in</code>, 请看 <a href="Control Flow">控制流</a>. </p>
<p>关于 <code>for-in</code>, 请看 <a href="Control Flow">控制流</a>.</p>
<h2 id="-">半闭区间</h2>
<p>半闭区间 <code>a..b</code> 定义一个从 <code>a</code> 到 <code>b</code> 但不包括 <code>b</code> 的区间.
之所以称为半闭区间, 是因为该区间包含第一个值而不包括最后的值.</p>

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chapter2/03_Strings_and_Characters.html
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<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_10">
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<h1 id="-strings-and-characters-">字符串和字符 (Strings and Characters)</h1>
<p>本页包含内容：</p>

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<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_22">
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<h1 id="-collection-types-">集合类型 (Collection Types)</h1>

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<div class="page-inner">
<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_23">
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<h1 id="-">控制流</h1>
<p>Swift提供了类似C语言的流程控制结构，包括可以多次执行任务的<code>for</code>和<code>while</code>循环，基于特定条件选择执行不同代码分支的<code>if</code>和<code>switch</code>语句，还有控制流程跳转到其他代码的<code>break</code>和<code>continue</code>语句。</p>

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<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_24">
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<h1 id="-functions-">函数（Functions）</h1>
<p>本页包含内容：</p>

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<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_25">
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<h1 id="-">闭包</h1>
<p>本页内容包含：</p>

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<h1 id="-">枚举</h1>
<p>本页内容包含：</p>

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<h3 id="-">类和结构体</h3>
<p>本页包含内容：</p>

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<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_28">
<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_101">
<h1 id="-properties-">属性 (Properties)</h1>
<p><strong>属性</strong>将值跟特定的类、结构或枚举关联。一种是存储属性，把常量或变量的值作为实例的一部分，一种是计算属性，它计算一个值。计算属性可以用于类、结构和枚举里，存储属性只能用于类和结构。</p>

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<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_29">
<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_102">
<h1 id="-methods-">方法(Methods)</h1>
<p><strong>方法</strong>是与某些特定类型相关联的功能/函数。类、结构体、枚举都可以定义实例方法；实例方法为指定类型的实例封装了特定的任务与功能。类、结构体、枚举也可以定义类(型)方法(type itself)；类型方法与类型自身相关联。类型方法与Objective-C中的类方法(class methods)相似。</p>

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<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_30">
<section class="normal" id="section-gitbook_103">
<h1 id="-subscripts-">下标 (Subscripts)</h1>
<p>下标可以定义在类(Class)、结构体(structures)和枚举(enumerations)这些目标中，可以认为是访问对象、集合或序列的快捷方式。举例来说，用下标访问一个数组(Array)实例中的元素可以这样写 <code>someArray[index]</code> ，访问字典(Dictionary)实例中的元素可以这样写 <code>someDictionary[key]</code>，而不需要再调用实例的某个方法来获得元素的值。</p>

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<h1 id="-">继承</h1>
<p>一个类可以继承另一个类的方法，属性和其它特性。当一个类继承其它类，继承类叫子类，被继承类叫超类（或父类）。在Swift中，继承是区分「类」与其它类型的一个基本特征。</p>

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<h1 id="-">析构过程</h1>
<p>在一个类的实例被释放之前，析构函数被立即调用。用关键字deinit来标示析构函数，类似于初始化函数用init来标示。析构函数只适用于类类型。</p>

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<h1 id="-">自动引用计数</h1>
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<h1 id="optional-chaining">Optional Chaining</h1>
<p>可选链（Optional Chaining）是一种可以请求和调用属性、方法及子脚本的过程，它的自判断性体现于请求或调用的目标当前可能为空（<code>nil</code>）。如果自判断的目标有值，那么调用就会成功；相反，如果选择的目标为空（<code>nil</code>），则这种调用将返回空（<code>nil</code>）。多次请求或调用可以被链接在一起形成一个链，如果任何一个节点为空（<code>nil</code>）将导致整个链失效。</p>

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<h1 id="-type-casting-">类型检查（Type Casting）</h1>
<p>（ps：为了方便各位检验所以保留了英文，可删。）

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<h1 id="-">类型嵌套</h1>
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<h1 id="-extensions-">扩展（Extensions）</h1>
<hr>

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<h1 id="-">协议</h1>
<p><code>Protocol(协议)</code>用于<strong>统一</strong>方法和属性的名称,而不实现任何功能,(<em>译者注: 协议在其他语言中也称作<code>接口(Interface)</code></em>).<code>协议</code>能够被<code>类</code>,<code>枚举</code>,<code>结构体</code>实现,满足协议要求的<code>类</code>,<code>枚举</code>,<code>结构体</code>被称为协议的<code>遵循者</code>.</p>

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<h1 id="swift-">Swift 教程</h1>
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<h1 id="-">特性</h1>
<p>特性提供了关于声明和类型的更多信息。在Swift中有两类特性，用于修饰声明的以及用于修饰类型的。例如，<code>required</code>特性，当应用于一个类的指定或便利初始化器声明时，表明它的每个子类都必须实现那个初始化器。再比如<code>noreturn</code>特性，当应用于函数或方法类型时，表明该函数或方法不会返回到它的调用者。</p>

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<h1 id="swift-">Swift 编程语言</h1>
<p>Swift 是苹果在 WWDC 2014 上发布的一款全新的编程语言，本书译自苹果官方的 Swift 教程《The Swift Programming Language》。</p>

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